The Sensitivity of Australian Animals to 1080 Poison. V. The Sensitivity of Feral Pigs, Sus Scrofa, to 1080 and Its Implications for Poisoning Campaigns.

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 139 ◽  
Author(s):  
JC Mcilroy
Keyword(s):  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Confidence Limits ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Oral Dosing ◽  
Feral Pigs ◽  
Target Populations ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Lethal Doses

Acute oral LD50S (median lethal doses) and 95% confidence limits of 1080 poison for feral pigs, Sus scrofa, obtained by moving average and probit analysis methods are 1.04 (0.84-1.27) mg kg-1 and 1.00 (0.72-1.28) mg kg -1 respectively. These values are slightly higher than LD50S obtained for pigs by i/p dosing but similar to those obtained by oral dosing for other eutherian mammals. Signs of poisoning, either vomiting or increasing lethargy and laboured respiration, appeared from 1.9 to 47.3 h (median 6.2 h) after dosing, and deaths from 2.8 to 80 h (median 16.1 h) after dosing. Although 1080 is one of the most toxic poisons for pigs it has disadvantages, including the relatively large amounts that must be distributed in baits to kill pigs, and the comparatively greater susceptibility to it of many non-target birds and mammals. 36 species out of 40 non-target species likely to feed on poisoned baits are more susceptible to 1080 than pigs. Many other factors such as bait acceptance will govern what proportions of target and non-target populations will be poisoned. Attention to methods of poisoning or baiting techniques could minimize the risk that non-target animals face from pig-poisoning campaigns.

Bait consumption by, and 1080-based control of, feral pigs in the Mediterranean climatic region of south-western Australia

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie E. Twigg ◽  
Tim Lowe ◽  
Gary Martin
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Variable Response ◽  
Feral Pigs ◽  
Poison Baiting ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Bait Stations ◽  
Minimal Evidence

The consumption of five non-toxic, grain-based baits, and the effectiveness of the preferred baits when treated with 1080 in reducing pig numbers, were determined for feral pigs (Sus scrofa) in several areas in the Mediterranean agricultural region of Western Australia. Fermented wheat with added blood and bone proved an effective attractant for feral pigs, and for determining areas of pig activity. Wheat and malted barley were the preferred baits, there was a variable response to lupins, and commercial pig pellets were consumed least. Malted barley, barley, and wheat treated with 1080 gave good reductions in pig numbers at the localised scale. Where pigs would eat lupins, 1080-treated lupins were usually effective in reducing pig abundance. In some instances, further evidence of feral pig activity was not seen on several sites for several months after poison-baiting occurred. The addition of a small amount of unpoisoned grain to mask the presence of 1080 did not increase the take of treated bait (P < 0.05). Although finding poisoned pigs was difficult owing to the terrain and the presence of bush remnants, the poisoned pigs found (n = 90) were often within 200 m of active bait stations. 1080-poisoned pigs included both adult (≥25 kg) and non-adult pigs of both sexes. Body mass of these pigs ranged from 4 to 90 kg. In all, 42% of poisoned adults found (n = 50) were 50 kg or more. There was minimal evidence of bait take by non-target species, and, where this occurred, it generally involved the consumption of the fermented wheat attractant by kangaroos (Macropus spp.) and foxes (Vulpes vulpes). Six foxes were known to have been poisoned with 1080-treated grain (4 with malted barley, 2 with wheat). Excluding foxes, no other non-target animals, including native species, were found dead during the intensive searches for poisoned pigs.

Attractiveness of a novel omnivore bait, PIGOUT®, to feral pigs (Sus scrofa) and assessment of risks of bait uptake by non-target species

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan D. Cowled ◽  
Steven J. Lapidge ◽  
Michelle Smith ◽  
Linton Staples
Keyword(s):  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Sex Bias ◽  
Small Animals ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Target Specificity ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Fresh Meat ◽  
Feral Pigs ◽  
Eastern Australia

Following a bait-preference pilot study on captive feral pigs, a series of field studies assessed the attractiveness and target-specificity of a prototype manufactured feral pig bait (PIGOUT®). Two promising test baits and fresh meat reference baits were biomarked with iophenoxic acid and aerially distributed in 100-km2 blocks of land infested with feral pigs in western Queensland to assess field uptake and target-specificity without prefeeding. Uptake was assessed by measuring blood iodine levels in aerially shot feral pigs. In all, 80% of feral pigs sampled in a non-toxic PIGOUT®-baited area had significantly elevated blood iodine, compared with 52% of sampled feral pigs in a meat-baited area (although slightly different baiting strategies were employed). No age or sex bias was evident in PIGOUT®-consuming feral pigs. No monitored manufactured baits were consumed by non-target species in 500 bait-nights. Attractiveness and target-specificity trials of ground-laid, unfenced PIGOUT® baits compared with reference baits were subsequently undertaken in several regions of eastern Australia. Results showed that PIGOUT® was consumed readily by feral pigs at all sites, and that it offered significant improvement in target specificity when compared with unfenced wheat or meat baits. However, the baits were consumed by small numbers of macropods, birds and possums. Available evidence indicates that the target-specificity of PIGOUT® bait is highest in the rangelands, reducing slightly in temperate areas and subalpine forests, where abundance of small animals is higher.

Are oestrous feral pigs, Sus scrofa, useful as trapping lures?

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 605 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. McIlroy ◽  
E. J. Gifford
Keyword(s):  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
National Park ◽  
Pilot Trial ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
General Technique ◽  
Feral Pigs

Eight feral pigs (two boars, four sows and two piglets) were caught in traps using oestrous sows as lures during a control program on a remnant pig population in part of Namadgi National Park during spring, 1990. The program was mostly based on aerial baiting with warfarin. No pigs were caught in traps containing anoestrous sows or in traps containing bait only. Seven unmarked pigs (caught seven days after the cessation of baiting) did not appear to have eaten any warfarin bait. In an earlier pilot trial, two boars were caught at a trap containing an oestrous sow, one of these again in a trap baited only with fermented grain, but no pigs were caught at a trap containing an anoestrous sow. Although not cost-effective as a general technique, this method could be useful in specific circumstances, such as eradication campaigns on islands, if the last few pigs are, or have become bait shy, or are impossible to cull by other methods.

scholarly journals Relationships between soil macroinvertebrates and nonnative feral pigs (Sus scrofa) in Hawaiian tropical montane wet forests

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 577-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaniel H. Wehr ◽  
Creighton M. Litton ◽  
Noa K. Lincoln ◽  
Steven C. Hess
Keyword(s):  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Feral Pigs ◽  
Soil Macroinvertebrates ◽  
Wet Forests

scholarly journals The use of mice as animal model for testing acute toxicity (LD-50) of toxic shock syndrome toxin

2009 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.S. Dias ◽  
L.S. Carmo ◽  
L.G.D. Heneine ◽  
P.H. Rocha ◽  
C.F. Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Confidence Limits ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Swiss Mice ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin

Acute toxicity test (LD-50) using toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1) was tested in BALB/c, C57BL/6 and Swiss mice. Animals (n = 10) were intraperitoneally injected with TSST-1 (0.01-10.0µg/mouse) followed 4h later by potentiating dose of lipopolysaccharide (75.0µg of LPS - E. coli O111:B4) and cumulative mortality was recorded over 72h. Control animals received either TSST-1 or LPS alone. The data were submitted to qui-Square test and acute toxicity test was calculated by probit analysis (confidence limits expressed as µg toxin/kg). BALB/c mice was the most sensitive (20.0µg/kg, 95% confidence limits: 9.0-92.0) followed by C57BL/6 (38.5µg/kg, 95% confidence limits: 9.11- 401.6). Data from Swiss mice was not conclusive, indicating only low sensitivity. Selection of the animal model and standardization of the experiment are fundamental for the development of serum neutralization tests used for final quality control of vaccine production.

Epigeic invertebrates of pig‐damaged, exposed wetland sediments are rooted: An ecological response to feral pigs ( Sus scrofa )

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 2207-2220
Author(s):  
Jonathan C. Marshall ◽  
Joanna J. Blessing ◽  
Sara E. Clifford ◽  
Peter M. Negus ◽  
Alisha L. Steward
Keyword(s):  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Feral Pigs ◽  
Ecological Response

Simple, Highly Selective Screening Method for Barbiturates in Urine

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1609-1611 ◽  
Author(s):  
František Pehr
Keyword(s):  
Screening Method ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Selective Screening ◽  
Confidence Limits ◽  
Violet Color ◽  
Color Reagent ◽  
Excretion Study ◽  
Sodium Phenobarbital ◽  
Ether Phase

Abstract I present a new, simple colorimetric method for detecting and estimating barbiturates in urine. After the barbiturates are extracted with ether, an aliquot of the washed ether phase is added to the color reagent (a bivalent mercury/dithizone chelate in chloroform). On addition of diluted pyridine and shaking, a pinkish-violet color appears if a barbiturate is present. The overall sensitivity of the above method was evaluated by probit analysis in the case of sodium phenobarbital. The concentration of sodium phenobarbital in urine detectable at least 99% of the time was 6.72 mg/liter, with 95% confidence limits of 5.37 to 10.36 mg/liter. Sodium phenobarbital, 10 mg/liter, can be detected in the presence of phenytoin (50 mg/liter), glutethimide (100 mg/liter), or bemegride (100 mg/liter). The whole procedure requires &lt;10 min. An excretion study illustrates application of the procedure

Multiplex Serology for Common Viral Infections in Feral Pigs (Sus scrofa) in Hawaii between 2007 and 2010

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel J. Stephenson ◽  
Benjamin R. Trible ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Maureen A. Kerrigan ◽  
Samuel M. Goldstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Feral Pigs ◽  
Multiplex Serology

scholarly journals Niche Partitioning Among White-Lipped Peccaries (Tayassu pecari), Collared Peccaries (Pecari tajacu), and Feral Pigs (Sus Scrofa)

2009 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnaud Leonard Jean Desbiez ◽  
Sandra Aparecida Santos ◽  
Alexine Keuroghlian ◽  
Richard Ernest Bodmer
Keyword(s):  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Niche Partitioning ◽  
Feral Pigs ◽  
Tayassu Pecari ◽  
Pecari Tajacu
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document