Density of Wallabia Bicolor (Desmarest) (Marsupialia: Macropodidae) in Eucalypt Plantations of Different Ages.

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 333 ◽  
Author(s):  
RB Floyd
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Faecal Pellets ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eucalypt Plantations ◽  
Sclerophyll Forest ◽  
Wallabia Bicolor

Population densities were determined by counting faecal pellets of W. bicolor in wet sclerophyll forest and Eucalyptus grandis plantations, 1, 2 and 10 yr old, in New South Wales. Numbers were uniformly low in the 1-yr-old plantation and uniformly high in the 2-yr-old plantation. In the 10-yr-old plantation and the native forest numbers were low to moderate in the centres but high at the edges bordering on the 1-yr-old plantation. The different population densities are thought to result from differences in availability of cover and food. From author's summary.

The Distribution of Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands at Two Sites in Southern Western Australia and at Durras in South-Eastern New South Wales.

1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 139 ◽  
Author(s):  
WM Blowes ◽  
WA Heather ◽  
N Malajczuk ◽  
SR Shea
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Isolation Techniques ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Western Australian

Native forest at Durras in south-eastern New South Wales and Jarrahdale in south-western Western Australia was examined for the presence of Phytophthora cinnamomi by two sampling and isolation techniques. With the lupin seeding baiting technique, randomly selected samples of soil and fine roots collected from the New South Wales site yielded P. cinnamomi when baited, while similar baiting of comparable samples from Western Australia failed. Direct plating of samples of upper roots and root collars of recently dead Banksia grandis from Western Australian sites yielded P. cinnamomi, while this organism was not isolated from comparable samples of chlorotic Macrozamia communis collected at the New South Wales site. The results suggest that the form of occurrence of P. cinnamomi and its association with disease in Australia vary in different situations. Viewing each situation independently might ensure the adoption of control/prevention strategies appropriate to all.

Comparison of Bird Counts From Pine Forest and Indigenous Vegetation.

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 281 ◽  
Author(s):  
PV Driscoll
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Pine Forest ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Eucalyptus Forest ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Forest Habitats

Bird counts were taken in Feb., March and July 1975 in 4 native habitats, ranging from wet sclerophyll Eucalyptus forest to mallee (E. stricta)-heath on the Boyd Plateau, and two Pinus radiata habitats (20 yr and 40 yr) in the Jenolan State Forest, New South Wales, Australia. In each season the number of birds and the number of species was highest in the native forest habitats, lower in the pine habitats and least in the mallee-heath. The composition of native forest, pine forest, and mallee-heath bird communities shows considerable differences.

The Influence of Proximity of Plantation Edge on Diversity and Abundance of bird species in an exotic pine plantation in north-eastern New South Wales

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 299 ◽  
Author(s):  
GN Curry
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Feeding Guild ◽  
South Wales ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Plantation Life ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

Data were collected in summer and winter in a 15-year-old plantation of Pinus taeda, at Clouds Creek, north-eastern New South Wales. In summer, diversity and abundance of bird species declined over a distance of 900 m into the plantation. However, in winter this progressive decline in bird densities was limited to within the first 200 m of the plantation periphery. At greater distances into the plantation, the floristic and structural characteristics of the vegetation (including windrows) were of more importance than the proximity of the plantation edge in accounting for variations in the abundance and diversity of birds. Food for insectivorous birds (the dominant feeding guild) is probably restricted in the plantation because few local species of invertebrates are likely to be adapted to living on exotic pines; invertebrate mobility as well as abundance is probably less in winter, so that fewer invertebrates enter the plantation from adjacent native forest. Windrows are an important habitat feature contributing to the diversity and abundance of birds within plantations, probably serving as 'corridors' through the alien habitat of exotic pines, thus enabling birds to range further into plantations. For approximately 40 per cent of the plantation life cycle, the influence of proximity of plantation edge on diversity and abundance of bird species is probably of limited importance, particularly in winter. Reducing plantation size in order to increase the diversity and abundance of bird species is not realistic, because plantations would have to be very small. Instead, emphasis should be placed on increasing the structural and floristic diversity of plantations by creating a broad range of successional stages throughout the plantation complex, by enhancing the habitat value of windrows, and by retaining native vegetation within and near plantations.

Predation of Cossid Moth Larvae by Yellow-Tailed Black Cockatoos Causing Losses in Plantations of Eucalyptus Grandis in North Coastal New South Wales.

1978 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
RS Mcinnes ◽  
PB Carne
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Stress ◽  
New South ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Strong Wind ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
Gall Wasp ◽  
Woody Perennials ◽  
South Wales

Eucalyptus grandis is the preferred food of larvae of the cossid moth Xyleutes boisduvali. In the Coffs Harbour region of New South Wales, plantations of E. grandis established in the last 10 years for pulping have allowed a great increase in the population of cossids. Woodboring larvae, especially of X. boisduvali and of the cerambycid beetle Tryphocaria acanthocera, are eaten by the yellow-tailed black cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus funereus). Cerambycids live near the surface of the tree, but cossids live in the heartwood and excavation by the cockatoos may weaken the tree so that it snaps in strong wind. The life of the cossid is described in detail; it is a larva for 2 years, may reach 18 cm in length and was highly prized as food by aborigines. Feeding habits of free cockatoos and a captive are described. The bird searches for a frass hole and tests its size by biting. If the size of the hole indicates a fully grown larva, the bird pulls down a strip of bark on which to stand as it excavates. Cossids are eaten at any time of year but mainly in June and July when final instar larvae are most plentiful and the young birds leave the nest and accompany the parents to the plantations. Before the E. grandis plantations were established, the cockatoos often ate seeds of Punis spp. as they do in South Australia. They eat also larvae of a chalcidid gall-wasp and non-boring insects. Formerly the cockatoos controlled the borer population and some thinning of the trees did no harm, but modern plantations are spaced for optimum growth and up to 40% of trees may be lost by cockatoo damage. Proposed methods of control are to reduce cossid infestation by preventing stress to very young trees, using selective weedkillers and fertilizer, and to encourage undergrowth of wood perennials. Because of the flight characteristics of cockatoos they do not forage among undergrowth and are kept away from the lower parts of the trees, where the cossids are. ADDITIONAL ABSTRACT: Wood-boring insect larvae are eaten by the yellow-tailed black cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus funereus). In the Coffs Harbour region of New South Wales, the birds extract larvae of the cossid moth Xyleutes boisduvali Roths. from the trunks of Eucalyptus grandis, a species extensively grown in that area for pulpwood production. In gouging out the larvae, the birds weaken the trees, which may be snapped off by strong winds. Losses of up to 40% of the trees in a plantation have been recorded.The biology and behaviour of both the insect and the bird are discussed. Physiological stress, particularly competition with grasses, predisposes young trees to infestation by the cossid. The birds systematically search for trees containing cossid galleries, and excavate at least 50% of the larvae. Tree losses can be reduced by silvicultural methods that reduce stress on young trees, and that encourage the development of a vigorous understorey of woody perennials. The flight characteristics of the cockatoo are such that the birds will not forage for cossids in plantations where undergrowth impedes their access to the lower portions of the tree trunks where the insects predominantly occur.

The tree species preferences of koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) inhabiting forest and woodland communities on Quaternary deposits in the Port Stephens area, New South Wales

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Phillips ◽  
John Callaghan ◽  
Valerie Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
Quaternary Deposits ◽  
Faecal Pellets ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Species Preferences ◽  
Woodland Communities ◽  
Port Stephens

An assessment of the tree species preferences of koalas inhabiting forest and woodland communities growing on Quaternary deposits in the Port Stephens area, New South Wales, was undertaken between November 1994 and March 1996. Using a plot-based methodology, 3847 trees were sampled, comprising 15 Eucalyptus species and 17 species of non-eucalypt. Evidence of tree use by koalas, specifically the presence of koala faecal pellets, was recorded from beneath 10 Eucalyptus species and 9 species of non-eucalypt. Tree species preferences were determined by analyses of log- likelihood ratios derived from data based on the presence/absence of koala faecal pellets, rather than on gross counts. This approach confirmed significant variation in the levels of utilisation amongst and between different tree species, and that two in particular – swamp mahogany (E. robusta) and drooping red gum (E. parramattensis) – were most preferred. Increases in the levels of use of other tree species were also positively associated with the presence of E. robusta and/or E. parramattensis. Levels of utilisation of E. robusta and E. parramattensis did not alter significantly in response to changes in their respective densities, suggesting that the relative abundance of both was important in terms of understanding the carrying capacity of vegetation communities utilised by koalas. The results have established the success with which an enumerative approach to the interpretation of faecal pellet data can be utilised to clarify the tree species preferences of koalas. Application of the approach for habitat assessment and mapping purposes is also discussed.

Distribution and Aspects of the Biology of the Parma Wallaby, Macropus parma, in New South Wales

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
GM Maynes
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Embryonic Diapause ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Sclerophyll Forest ◽  
The Mean

M. pauma, which was formerly thought to be extinct in Australia, has been found in the Great Dividing Range of coastal New South Wales between 29D 28' and 32D 23's. The optimum habitat appears to be areas of wet sclerophyll forest with a thick shrubby understorey in association with grassy areas. Although the species may be locally common, its present status is best defined as rare; it has a limited distribution and normally occurs at a low density throughout its range. Limited data indicate that most young are born between February and June. Two of six females examined were probably in embryonic diapause. Females may mature sexually as early as 12 months old, and at a weight of 2.6-2.8 kg. Adult females in Australia were significantly heavier than those in New Zealand (Kawau I.), and larger in seven external body measurements. In contrast, adult males were significantly larger in Australia than Kawau I. in ear length only. The species is mainly nocturnal and the mean group size is 1.34 animals, i.e. it is usually single individuals that are encountered.

Studies on the yellow-footed rock-wallaby, Petrogale xanthopus Gray (Marsupialia : Macropodidae). 3. Distribution and management in western New South Wales

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Lim ◽  
J. R. Giles
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Aerial Survey ◽  
Isolated Population ◽  
Faecal Pellets ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
South Wales ◽  
North Western

Contrary to previous literature, P. xanthopus had not been recorded in western New South Wales before its existence was reported by Fox (1966). There is only one geographically isolated population of less than 250 animals in two separate colonies in the Gap and Coturaundee Ranges, where they are confined to two cliff systems and two outcrops. Their distribution is therefore more limited than first reported by Wilson et al. (1976). They were more widespread in the past, being found also in the Barrier and Bynguano Ranges. These conclusions have been reached from data collected from: (1) a large-scale low-level aerial survey and subsequent ground inspections to record this species' presence in specific locations in north-western New South Wales; (2) a systematic detailed survey of the Gap and Coturaundee Ranges to establish its pattern of habitat use from the accumulated density of faecal pellets; (3) low-level aerial surveys over these and other areas, by helicopter, to confirm the results of earlier surveys and check on reported sightings. The results of this study are being used for the management of this rare rock-wallaby in New South Wales. It is recommend that this species be re-established in the Bynguano Range.

scholarly journals Ctenarytaina bipartita sp. n. (Hemiptera, Psylloidea), a new eucalypt psyllid from Southeast Australia

Zootaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3613 (6) ◽  
pp. 589-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIEL BURCKHARDT ◽  
KEVIN FARNIER ◽  
DALVA L. QUEIROZ ◽  
GARY S. TAYLOR ◽  
MARTIN J. STEINBAUER
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Posterior Lobe ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Australian Capital Territory ◽  
Australian Capital ◽  
Southeast Australia ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eucalypt Plantations

Ctenarytaina bipartita sp.n., associated with Eucalyptus kitsoniana and E. viminalis, is described from the Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Tasmania and Victoria. It differs from other described Ctenarytaina species in the paramere which bears a small posterior lobe. Taxonomically relevant morphological details are illustrated and the species is diagnosed from other eucalypt inhabiting congeners. Information on the biology is also given. C. bipartita has the po-tential to become an exported pest species to countries with significant eucalypt plantations.

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