An Ecological Study of Sminthopsis carasicaudata (Marsupialia : Dasyuridae) III.* Reproduction and Life History.

1978 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
SR Morton
Keyword(s):  
Food Supply ◽  
National Park ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Adaptive Significance ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
Sminthopsis Crassicaudata ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Invertebrate Animals ◽  
Autumn And Winter

Reproduction in Sminthopsis crassicaudata was studied at three sites in south-eastern Australia: Werribee, Vic., Fowlers Gap Station, N.S.W., and Willandra National Park, N.S.W. At Werribee, the breeding season covered the period July-February. Individual females attempted to raise two litters during this season; there was no significant difference between the numbers of young weaned from first and second litters. Some females bred in two seasons, but it is unlikely that any males did so. At Fowlers Gap Station, breeding occurred in the same months as at Werribee, but there was variation between years in the onset of reproduction. At Willandra National Park, breeding occurred in the period June-December. There was no evidence of unseasonal, opportunistic breeding at either of these sites. As judged by pit-trapping, populations of invertebrate animals peaked in summer at Fowlers Gap Station, and probably at Werribee. Changes in weight and fat reserves also suggest that autumn and winter were periods of depressed food supply. The adaptive significance of the double-litter system and polyoestry is discussed. It is concluded that the overall biology of S. crassicaudata reflects adaptation to a fluctuating food supply. * Part II, Aust. Wildl. Res., 1978, 5, 163–82.

Seasonal Patterns in Bait Consumption by Feral Pigs (Sus Scrofa) in the Hill Country of South-Eastern Australia.

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 637 ◽  
Author(s):  
JC Mcilroy ◽  
EJ Gifford ◽  
RI Forrester
Keyword(s):  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
National Park ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Australian Capital Territory ◽  
Feral Pigs ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
The Hill

Both fermenting wheat and bran/pollard pellets were readily accepted as bait throughout the year by feral pigs (Sus scrofa) in Namadgi National Park, Australian Capital Territory. Birds mainly ate wheat bait, particularly during winter. Other animals occasionally fed on both types of bait, mainly during autumn and winter. Covering baits with forest-floor litter did not significantly affect their discovery and consumption by pigs or by other animals. The proximity of the pigs to the bait line and their appetite for bait appeared to be the main factors responsible for seasonal differences in bait consumption. Trail-baiting campaigns against pigs in similar hill country areas are likely to be more effective during late autumn than other seasons because more pigs are likely to be close to the trails then and more quickly find and eat greater quantities of bait.

An Ecological Study of Sminthopsis crassicaudata (Marsupialia : Dasyuridae) II.* Behaviour and Social Organization

1978 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
SR Morton
Keyword(s):  
Social System ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Adaptive Significance ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Nest Sites ◽  
Sminthopsis Crassicaudata ◽  
The Social ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Nest Sharing

The behaviour of Sminthopsis crassicaudata was studied by mark-recapture techniques at Werribee, Vic., from 1972 to 1976. Observations of nocturnal behaviour were also made at Fowlers Gap Station, N.S.W. S. crassicaudata usually nest solitarily in the breeding period (August–March), but up to 70% of individuals share nests in groups of from two to eight during the non-breeding period (April–July). These nest-sharing groups are impermanent and appear to be random aggregations of individuals. Most nest-sharing in the breeding period involves pairs of a male with an oestrous female. Both males and females inhabit large overlapping ranges in the breeding and non-breeding periods. Males seem to move their nest sites more frequently than females; this supposition is supported by observations of nocturnal behaviour. The ranges of individuals are unstable in space and are best described as 'drifting home ranges'. The only animals that may become territorial are breeding females, and these probably defend only a small area around the nest. Males do not appear to defend their range at any time. The adaptive significance of the social system is discussed. * Part I, Aust. Wildl. Res., 1978, 5, 151–62.

THE WINTER BIOENERGETICS OF A BEAVER POPULATION IN NORTHERN LATITUDES

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1107-1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. S. Novakowski
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Castor Canadensis ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
Northern Latitudes ◽  
Unlimited Supply ◽  
Wood Buffalo National Park ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Reduced Activity

The winter bioenergetics of a beaver population were studied in au area of Wood Buffalo National Park; which is located partly in Alberta and partly in the Northwest Territories. In these latitudes the beaver (Castor canadensis canadensis) are confined to subnivean existence for approximately 150 days each year. Although there is an unlimited supply of deciduous trees, which are cached by the colonies for this period, the caches were not sufficient for the energy requirements of the colonies, as calculated from the number and weight of animals in each colony. This indicates that energy deficits are a product of the winter behavior of the animals and that methods of energy conservation, such as reduced activity, periods of dormancy, huddling, insulation from ambient temperatures by lodge construction, and an increase in fur insulation and fat deposition provide the necessary mechanisms for survival. Based on a comparison of autumn and winter weights of beaver, the younger animals (kits and yearlings) increased their weight during the winter while the older animals, who presumably use fat reserves for survival, did not.

scholarly journals The Wadden Sea as a National Park and UNESCO World Heritage Site: Students’ Word Associations with These Two Conservation Designations

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 8006
Author(s):  
Till Schmäing ◽  
Norbert Grotjohann
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Wadden Sea ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Unesco World Heritage ◽  
Word Associations ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Unesco World Heritage Site ◽  
Significant Difference

The Wadden Sea ecosystem is unique in many respects from a biological perspective. This is one reason why it is protected by national parks in Germany and by its designation as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In biology didactics, there are only a few studies that focus on the Wadden Sea. This work investigates students’ word associations with the two stimulus words “national park” and “UNESCO World Heritage Site”. The survey was conducted among students living directly at the Wadden Sea and among students from the inland. The analysis of the identified associations (n = 8345) was carried out within the framework of a quantitative content analysis to be able to present and discuss the results on a group level. A statistically significant difference was found between the two groups. Overall, results showed that the students made subject-related associations as well as a large number of associations to both stimulus words that could be judged as non-subject-related. In some cases, a connection with the region of residence could be found, but this was not generally the case. Even students’ immediate residential proximity to the Wadden Sea is no guarantee that they have knowledge of the two considered protection terms.

Effects of collection zones and storage on hatchability and survival of feral helmeted guineafowl (Numida meleagris galleata pallas) eggs

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-81
Author(s):  
A.A. Yusuf ◽  
O.A. Jayeola ◽  
I.O.O. Osunsina ◽  
G.A. Dedeke
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Numida Meleagris ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Protein Supply ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Kainji Lake

The desire to shore up the shortfall in protein supply, the increased awareness of the importance of cholesterol free animal protein, like guineafowl, and the need to conserve their wild genes, have necessitated studies on improved captive breeding of feral helmeted guineafowl. Hence, this study was aimed at determining the effects of ecological zones and storage systems on the guineafowl eggs. Guineafowl eggs (n=214), were collected from identified and monitored-nests within the Kainji Lake National Park (KLNP) and Old Oyo National Park (OONP). Out of 91 eggs collected from KLNP, 32 and 38 were stored at room temperature (RT-21-25°C) and refrigerator (RF-17-20°C), respectively for five days prior to incubation while 21 eggs were not stored (NS-27-29°C), and out of 123 collected from OONP, 70 and 19 were stored for five days prior to incubation at (RT-21-25°C) and (RF-17-20°C), respectively while 34 eggs were (NS- 27-29°C). Prior to incubation, eggs were weighed, the height and width were measured. The process was repeated after incubation for unhatched eggs. Candling was done three days before hatching at day 29 of egg incubation. Embryo status of unhatched eggs was determined by cracking the eggs. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. The NS eggs from Kainji (7.60%) and Oyo (2.01%) had the lowest percentage shrinkage in weight across the three storage systems. The order was reversed in height with RF eggs from Kainji (0.96%) and Oyo (0.46%) having lowest. The least shrinkage in width of eggs from Oyo was recorded in the RF eggs (0.00%) and in NS (0.59%) from Kainji. Eggs candling showed that presumed fertile (opaque) was highest (69.10%) in NS eggs followed by RT (45.00%). There was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the hatchability of eggs from the two parks though hatchability (7.60%) of Kainji eggs was higher than those of Oyo (7.40%). Further check on fertilization after incubation showed that RT (37.50%) eggs from Kainji were fertilized but were unable to hatch alive so also was RF eggs (21.10%). The study showed that the eggs sizes vary with ecozones while size of the eggs and storage systems affects hatchability and survival of feral helmeted guineafowl eggs in captivity. Keywords: Guineafowl; ecozones; storage systems; incubation; candling; hatchability

scholarly journals Productive performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed at different frequencies and periods with automatic dispenser

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 192-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M.R. Sousa ◽  
C.A. Agostinho ◽  
F.A. Oliveira ◽  
D. Argentim ◽  
P.K. Novelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feeding Frequency ◽  
Nile Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate

The performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) raised in cages furnished with an automatic dispenser, supplied at different frequencies (once per hour and once every two hours) and periods (daytime, nighttime and both) was evaluated. Eighteen 1.0m³ cages were placed into a 2000m² pond, two meters deep with a 5% water exchange. One hundred and seventy tilapias, with initial weight of 16.0±4.9g, were dispersed into each 1m³ cage and the feed ration was adjusted every 21 days with biometry. Data was collected from March to July (autumn and winter). Significant difference to final weight (P<0.05) among treatments was observed. The increase in feeding frequency improves the productive performance of Nile tilapias in cages and permitted better management of the food. The better feed conversion rate for high feeding frequency (24 times day-1) can result in saving up to 360kg of food for each ton of fish produced, increasing the economic sustenance for tilapia culture and suggesting less environmental pollution.

scholarly journals Plant Biomass Density as an Indicator of Food Supply for Elephants (Loxodonta Africana) in Waza National Park, Cameroon

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 747-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin N. Tchamba ◽  
Robert B. Weladji ◽  
Désiré Foguekem ◽  
Mike Loomis
Keyword(s):  
Food Supply ◽  
National Park ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Loxodonta Africana ◽  
Biomass Density

scholarly journals 3D Photogrammetry Modeling Highlights Efficient Reserve Effect Apparition After 5 Years and Stillness After 40 for Red Coral (Corallium rubrum) Conservation in French MPAs

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine Richaume ◽  
Adrien Cheminée ◽  
Pierre Drap ◽  
Patrick Bonhomme ◽  
Frederic Cadene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Mechanical Destruction ◽  
Corallium Rubrum ◽  
Red Coral ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Precautionary Measures

Imaging the marine environment is more and more useful to understand relationships between species, as well as natural processes. Developing photogrammetry allowed the use of 3D measuring to study populations dynamics of sessile organisms at various scales: from colony to population. This study focuses on red coral (Corallium rubrum), as known as precious coral. Metrics measured at a colony scale (e.g., maximum height, diameter and number of branches) allowed population understanding and a comparison between an old (Cerbère-Banyuls reserve) vs. a new (Calanques National Park) MPA. Our results suggested a 5-year time step allows the appearance of a significant difference between populations inside vs. outside the Calanques National Park no-take zones. Red coral colonies were taller and had more branches inside no-take zones. A significant difference was still observable for the populations inside the Cerbère-Banyuls reserve after 40 years of protection, reflecting the sustainability and effectiveness of precautionary measures set by the reserve. The impacts at the local level (mechanical destruction) and those presumed to occur via global change (climatic variations) underline the need to develop strategies both to follow the evolutions of red coral populations but also to understand their resilience. Photogrammetry induced modeling is a time and cost effective as well as non-invasive method which could be used to understand population dynamics at a seascape scale on coralligenous reefs.

scholarly journals Relationships between Climatic Variation and Grassland Biomass on the Northern Range of Yellowstone National Park

1987 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 153-159
Author(s):  
Mark Boyce ◽  
Evelyn Merrill ◽  
Ronald Marrs
Keyword(s):  
Yellowstone National Park ◽  
National Park ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Summer Range ◽  
Vegetation Maps ◽  
Landsat Satellite

Summer range is not thought to be limiting to elk because abundant, high quality forage is available whereas a shortage of forage usually exists on elk winter ranges. Nevertheless, summer nutrition and fat reserves acquired on summer ranges influence growth, survival and reproduction of ungulates (Klein 1965, Verme 1963, 1965, Julander et al. 1961). The enormous area of summer range for the Northern Yellowstone elk herd renders detailed field surveys impractical. This study was initiated to evaluate the feasibility of using LANDSAT satellite imagery to (1) characterize vegetation communities on summer range from LANDSAT multispectral scanner (MSS) data and digitized vegetation maps of Yellowstone National Park, (2) predict plant production within grassland types and (3) correlate elk population characteristics with fluctuations in plant production and weather.

scholarly journals An Examination of Teachers’ Attitudes Towards the National Park in Their Environment: The Isparta, Denizli Example

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 398
Author(s):  
Aytaç Karakaş ◽  
Hasan Genç
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Alpha Coefficient ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Teachers Attitudes ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Education Process

Environmental education in national parks is equivalent to an open and permanent education process in which individuals and communities become aware of their natural environment and gain a critical and sensitive attitude towards it and the use of its resources. The aim of this study was to examine the attitudes of teachers towards national parks who work in schools near different national parks in terms of different variables. As a work of descriptive research, it was conducted with a total of 167 teachers who worked in schools around Kovada Lake National Park, Kızıldağ National Park, and Honaz Mountain National Park. In the study, an attitude scale with a Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient of 0.83 and consisting of 32 items was used for the national parks. The SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences Program) was used to evaluate the data obtained. A T-test and a one-way ANOVA test were used to analyze the data. According to the results obtained, teachers’ attitudes towards the national park did not show a significant difference in terms of their gender, their tenure, the branches they serve, their purpose of visiting the national park, their opinions on the importance attached to the national park, the different schools near the national park, the national park near the schools they worked in, their purpose in visiting the national park previously while they differed significantly according to whether the teachers had visited the national park before.

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