The Use of Predator Scat Analysis in a Mammal Survey at Dartmouth in North-Eastern Victoria.

1976 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Brunner ◽  
RL Amor ◽  
PL Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Direct Observation ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Scat Analysis ◽  
Field Collection ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Feral Dogs ◽  
Mammal Survey

The results of a localized mammal survey based on analysis of scats [faeces] of foxes and feral dogs (or dingoes) were compared with those from trapping and direct observation. It was concluded that scat analysis, which is based mainly on identification of mammalian hairs, is a valuable supplement to the conventional techniques used in mammal surveys and that it can provide useful information on the diet of these predators. Its main advantages are that more species can sometimes be detected, field collection is rapid and the scats can be stored and processed at a convenient time, the costs are low and there is no effect on wildlife. The main restriction on use of scat analysis is that it can give only limited information on the ecology of the prey species.

A Comparison of Predator Scat Analysis With Conventional Techniques in a Mammal Survey of Contrasting Habitats in Gippsland, Victoria.

1978 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
GR Friend
Keyword(s):  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Felis Catus ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Scat Analysis ◽  
Feral Cat ◽  
Eucalyptus Forest ◽  
Contrasting Habitats ◽  
Cattle And Sheep ◽  
Mammal Survey

In Gippsland, Victoria, in pine plantations and the adjacent native eucalyptus forest, mammal population was estimated by the usual methods and by analysis of ffaeces of predators. Predators were fox (Vulpes vulpes), feral cat (Felis catus), dog and dingo. Prey species found in faeces included 1 monotreme, 18 marsupial and 10 placental mammals, including the predators. Remains of cattle and sheep were found, presumably eaten as carrion. Remains of plants, or of animals other than the groups noted, were not required to be identified for the purpose of the study, nor were prey species attributed to each species of predator.

Population densities of feral dogs in north-eastern Spain, estimated using two different methods

1993 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-191
Author(s):  
J. LUCIENTES CURDI ◽  
A. ARRIOLABENGOA IGARZA ◽  
C. GORTAZAR SCHMIDT ◽  
C. CALVETE MARGOLLES
Keyword(s):  
Population Densities ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Feral Dogs

scholarly journals History of canids in Chile and impacts on prey adaptations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamín Silva ◽  
Meredith Root-Bernstein
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Puma Concolor ◽  
South American ◽  
Antipredator Defense ◽  
Hunting Behaviour ◽  
Hunting Dogs ◽  
Feral Dogs ◽  
Group Hunting

Artiodactyl prey species of Chile, especially guanacos (Lama guanicoe) are reported to be very susceptible to predation by pack hunting feral dogs. It has been previously suggested that guanacos and endemic South American deer may have evolved in the absence of pack-hunting cursorial predators. However, the paleoecology of canid presence in southern South America and Chile is unclear. Here, we review the literature on South American and Chilean canids, their distributions, ecologies and hunting behaviour. We consider both wild and domestic canids, including Canis familiaris breeds. We establish two known antipredator defense behaviours of guanacos: predator inspection of ambush predators, e.g. Puma concolor, and rushing at and kicking smaller cursorial predators, e.g. Lycalopex culpaeus. We propose that since the late Pleistocene extinction of hypercarnivorous group-hunting canids east of the Andes, there were no native species creating group-hunting predation pressures on guanacos. Endemic deer of Chile may have never experienced group hunting selection pressure from native predators. Even hunting dogs (or other canids) used by indigenous groups in the far north and extreme south of Chile (and presumably the center as well) appear to have been used primarily within ambush hunting strategies. This may account for the susceptibility of guanacos and other prey species to feral dog attacks. We detail seven separate hypotheses that require further investigation in order to assess how best to respond to the threat posed by feral dogs to the conservation of native deer and camelids in Chile and other parts of South America.

scholarly journals History of canids in Chile and impacts on prey adaptations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamín Silva ◽  
Meredith Root-Bernstein
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Puma Concolor ◽  
South American ◽  
Antipredator Defense ◽  
Hunting Behaviour ◽  
Hunting Dogs ◽  
Feral Dogs ◽  
Group Hunting

Artiodactyl prey species of Chile, especially guanacos (Lama guanicoe) are reported to be very susceptible to predation by pack hunting feral dogs. It has been previously suggested that guanacos and endemic South American deer may have evolved in the absence of pack-hunting cursorial predators. However, the paleoecology of canid presence in southern South America and Chile is unclear. Here, we review the literature on South American and Chilean canids, their distributions, ecologies and hunting behaviour. We consider both wild and domestic canids, including Canis familiaris breeds. We establish two known antipredator defense behaviours of guanacos: predator inspection of ambush predators, e.g. Puma concolor, and rushing at and kicking smaller cursorial predators, e.g. Lycalopex culpaeus. We propose that since the late Pleistocene extinction of hypercarnivorous group-hunting canids east of the Andes, there were no native species creating group-hunting predation pressures on guanacos. Endemic deer of Chile may have never experienced group hunting selection pressure from native predators. Even hunting dogs (or other canids) used by indigenous groups in the far north and extreme south of Chile (and presumably the center as well) appear to have been used primarily within ambush hunting strategies. This may account for the susceptibility of guanacos and other prey species to feral dog attacks. We detail seven separate hypotheses that require further investigation in order to assess how best to respond to the threat posed by feral dogs to the conservation of native deer and camelids in Chile and other parts of South America.

scholarly journals Concentration of some metals in the muscles of fish from selected lakes of Warmia and Mazury region (Poland)

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Spodniewska ◽  
Dariusz Barski
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Fish Muscles ◽  
Tolerable Weekly Intake ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

In view of very scarce and limited information concerning the content of heavy metals in tissues of fish from the lakes in north-eastern Poland, the aim of the study was to determine the content of some heavy metals in the muscle tissue of two fish species: bream (Abramis brama) (n = 60) and pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) (n = 60) caught in selected lakes of Warmia and Mazury region (Poland) in 2010 as well as to asses human health safety. The concentration of lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) in the muscle tissue of bream and pikeperch was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The mean concentration of toxic metals (Pb and Hg) in muscles of bream was 0.07 mg/kg and 0.03 mg/kg, respectively, and 0.10 mg/kg and 0.13 mg/kg in muscles of pikeperch, respectively. The mean concentration of Cu, Fe and Zn found in the muscles of bream was 0.33 mg/kg, 7.27 mg/kg and 6.12 mg/kg in muscles of pikeperch it was 0.21 mg/kg, 5.56 mg/kg and 6.02 mg/kg, respectively. It was found that the content of the analysed metals in fish muscles was low and did not exceed the values of limits admissible in the European Union. At the assumed mean and maximum concentration of Pb and Hg, the values of PTWI (provisional tolerable weekly intake) were not exceeded (i.e. 0.56% PTWI for Pb and 3.01% PTWI for Hg), therefore the consumption of fish originating from selected lakes of Warmia and Mazury does not constitute a threat to consumer health.

The effectiveness of hair traps for surveying mammals: results of a study in sandstone caves in the Tasmanian southern midlands

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel L. Harris ◽  
Stewart C. Nicol
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Survey Period ◽  
Trap Design ◽  
Scat Analysis ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
New Type ◽  
Hair Trap ◽  
Mammal Survey

We compared detection success of hair tubes and funnels with tape and Velcro adhesives as part of a small-scale mammal survey in sand-bottomed caves in the southern midlands of Tasmania. In order to detect small mammals entering traps but not leaving hair samples behind, a new type of funnel design was tested. In total, 19 species were detected throughout the survey period using a combination of hair traps and track and scat analysis. When tracks were observed inside funnel entrances no hairs were found on the adhesive tapes in 71% of cases. Hairs from several species were found in traps although there were no tracks of these species in the caves. These results further emphasise the importance of using multiple techniques when conducting general mammal surveys. Appropriate hair trap design is an important factor to be considered when conducting mammal surveys, as it has the potential to strongly influence survey efficiency and overall results.

scholarly journals Diplodia fraxini and Diplodia subglobosa: The Main Species Associated with Cankers and Dieback of Fraxinus excelsior in North-Eastern Italy

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 883
Author(s):  
Benedetto T. Linaldeddu ◽  
Francesco Bottecchia ◽  
Carlo Bregant ◽  
Lucia Maddau ◽  
Lucio Montecchio
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Fraxinus Excelsior ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Ash Dieback ◽  
Alpine Regions ◽  
Hymenoscyphus Fraxineus ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Friuli Venezia Giulia

In Italy, after the first report in Friuli-Venezia Giulia along the border with Slovenia in 2009, ash dieback has successively been reported in Veneto, Tuscany and Trentino-Alto Adige. Given its alarming expansion in European ash formations along the sub-montane belt of north-eastern Italy and the limited information about the associated fungal microorganisms; since 2017, a study has been conducted in order to isolate and characterize the fungal species involved in the aetiology of the disease. The surveys were conducted in six ash–maple forests distributed along the Veneto and Friuli-Venezia Giulia pre-Alpine regions (Italy). In each site, the health status of ash trees was assessed and a sample (shoot or branch) with the typical symptoms of the disease was taken from ten trees to isolate the associated pathogens. The fungal colonies developed were identified using morphological features and DNA sequences. The 60 samples processed yielded a total of 109 fungal isolates belonging to 9 families including: Botryosphaeriaceae (62 isolates), Diaporthaceae (18), Nectriaceae (10), Didymellaceae (9), Helotiaceae (5), Diatrypaceae (2), Didymosphaeriaceae (1), Phaeosphaeriaceae (1) and Valsaceae (1). In particular, three species—Diplodia subglobosa, Diplodia fraxini and Diaporthe eres—were isolated with high frequency, while Hymenoscyphus fraxineus was isolated from only five plants distributed in four sites. The pathogenicity tests, conducted on 3-year-old seedlings, detached branches (3–4 cm diameter), and leaves of Fraxinus excelsior, showed that Diplodia fraxini is the most virulent species and the only one able to reproduce the symptoms observed in nature. Overall, the results obtained emphasize that several fungal pathogens are involved in the aetiology of the disease, many of which belong to the Botryosphaeriaceae family.

scholarly journals DESIGN AND BUILD VIRTUAL TOUR PANORAMA 360 HOSPITALITY CENTER UNP AS PROMOTIONAL MEDIA

SinkrOn ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
Ika Parma Dewi ◽  
Agung Prasetyo ◽  
Muhammad Giatman ◽  
Wakhinuddin Wakhinuddin ◽  
Agariadne Dwinggo Samala
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
Concept Design ◽  
State University ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Virtual Tour ◽  
Development Life Cycle ◽  
Multimedia Development

Abstract:The UNP Hospitality Center virtual tour application aims to help promote to potential visitors, and as an interactive promotional media. Hospitality Center UNP is an inn located in the Padang State University area and has various types of rooms and meeting facilities. Based on interviews with the UNP Hospitality Center internal parties, the promotions used are still using brochures. This tool only provides a little information to potential visitors about the rooms and facilities, namely only with photos and writing, this makes limited information that can be conveyed because with a brochure prospective visitors can only see one picture of each existing facility. The data collection stage was carried out by the method of interviews and direct observation. The next stage for developing the author's application uses the Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MLDC) method. consists of Concept, Design, Material Collecting, Assembly, Testing, and Distribution. The main features of this application are: hospitality profile, panorama list, location, floorplan and usage information. With these main features, it is found that by using the UNP Hospitality Center virtual tour application, it can make it easier to promote to prospective UNP Hospitality Center guests.    

scholarly journals Diet of Leopards Panthera pardus fusca inhabiting protected areas and human-dominated landscapes in Goa, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 19239-19245
Author(s):  
Bipin S. Phal Desai ◽  
Avelyno D'Costa ◽  
M.K. Praveen Kumar ◽  
S.K. Shyama
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Panthera Pardus ◽  
Scat Analysis ◽  
Domesticated Animals ◽  
Prey Biomass

The diet of leopards occupying human-dominated and protected areas (PAs) in Goa, India was analyzed through scat analysis. A total of 117 scats, 55 from wildlife sanctuaries/ national parks and 62 from human-dominated areas were collected and analyzed. Analysis of 55 scats from protected forest revealed the presence of only wild prey in the leopard diet, whereas 61% of scats collected from human-dominated areas consisted of only wild prey, 29% of domesticated animals, and 10% a mixture of both wild prey & domesticated animals. Of the prey biomass consumed in human-dominated areas, domestic animals constituted only 33% of the leopard diet. Among all leopard scats, 71% contained only one prey species, 28% contained two species, and 1% contained three. 

scholarly journals Diet of Cataglyphis bicolor (Hymenoptera-Formicidae) in an insular condition in north-eastern Algeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 120-130
Author(s):  
Anissa Henine-Maouche ◽  
Lyes Aissat ◽  
Riadh Moulaï
Keyword(s):  
Prey Species ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Pheidole Pallidula ◽  
Station Pair ◽  
Eastern Algeria ◽  
Sahel Region ◽  
Cataglyphis Bicolor

A study of the adaptation of the ant Cataglyphis bicolor in terms of feeding under insular conditions was conducted on the north-eastern coast of Algeria. For this, three pairs of stations (island-continent) were chosen. Analyzing fragments of prey species found in C. bicolor nests, the diet in each station pair was studied. The results obtained indicate that C. bicolor has an opportunistic diet characterised by insectivory. Indeed, more than 95% of the prey consumed in the six study stations were insects with a clear preference for other ants, with frequencies ranging from 52 to 87%. Among the latter, Messor barbarus, Camponotus sp., Camponotus laurenti, Pheidole pallidula and Tetramorium biskrense were the ants most predated by C. bicolor. The diversity of continental prey seemed greater than that of island environments. For the two Cap Sigli stations, the prey richness was 94 species for the continent against only 28 species for the island environment. For Boulimat, there were 27 prey species for the mainland and 20 prey species for the islet. Finally, for the Sahel region, C. bicolor was able to harvest 42 prey species on the mainland and 28 species on the island. The diversity of C. bicolor prey in the island environments seems to be a function of insect richness (prey availability) and floral richness.

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