The development of a carbon monoxide producing cartridge for rabbit control

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 305 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ross ◽  
R. J. C. Page ◽  
A. K. Nadian ◽  
S. D. Langton
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
New Method ◽  
Considerable Promise ◽  
Low Levels

A new method of rabbit control has been developed using carbon monoxide generated by ignition of a cartridge containing sodium nitrate, charcoal and zinc oxide. Ignition of cartridges inside the entrances of an unoccupied artificial rabbit warren showed that carbon monoxide dispersed poorly through the warren and diffused out of the warren within 3–4 hours. Wind speed and direction markedly affected the distribution and persistence of carbon monoxide. Nevertheless, concentrations of carbon monoxide within most of the warren were sufficiently high to render rabbits rapidly insensible, but in some deeper parts of the warren, they remained at low levels, unlikely to have any effect on rabbits. Field trials showed that treatment of rabbit warrens with carbon monoxide cartridges (79 ± 10.8% kill) was as effective as treatment with cyanide powder (78 ± 11.9% kill), and suggested that rabbits were quickly rendered insensible. Therefore the technique shows considerable promise as an effective, safe and relatively humane method of rabbit control.

scholarly journals Demonstration of Phase Change Thermal Energy Storage in Zinc Oxide Microencapsulated Sodium Nitrate

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 6234
Author(s):  
Ciprian Neagoe ◽  
Ioan Albert Tudor ◽  
Cristina Florentina Ciobota ◽  
Cristian Bogdanescu ◽  
Paul Stanciu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Metal Corrosion ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry

Microencapsulation of sodium nitrate (NaNO3) as phase change material for high temperature thermal energy storage aims to reduce costs related to metal corrosion in storage tanks. The goal of this work was to test in a prototype thermal energy storage tank (16.7 L internal volume) the thermal properties of NaNO3 microencapsulated in zinc oxide shells, and estimate the potential of NaNO3–ZnO microcapsules for thermal storage applications. A fast and scalable microencapsulation procedure was developed, a flow calorimetry method was adapted, and a template document created to perform tank thermal transfer simulation by the finite element method (FEM) was set in Microsoft Excel. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and transient plane source (TPS) methods were used to measure, in small samples, the temperature dependency of melting/solidification heat, specific heat, and thermal conductivity of the NaNO3–ZnO microcapsules. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and chemical analysis demonstrated the stability of microcapsules over multiple tank charge–discharge cycles. The energy stored as latent heat is available for a temperature interval from 303 to 285 °C, corresponding to onset–offset for NaNO3 solidification. Charge–self-discharge experiments on the pilot tank showed that the amount of thermal energy stored in this interval largely corresponds to the NaNO3 content of the microcapsules; the high temperature energy density of microcapsules is estimated in the range from 145 to 179 MJ/m3. Comparison between real tank experiments and FEM simulations demonstrated that DSC and TPS laboratory measurements on microcapsule thermal properties may reliably be used to design applications for thermal energy storage.

A new method for wind speed forecasting based on copula theory

2018 ◽  
Vol 160 ◽  
pp. 365-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuankun Wang ◽  
Huiqun Ma ◽  
Dong Wang ◽  
Guizuo Wang ◽  
Jichun Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
New Method ◽  
Copula Theory ◽  
Wind Speed Forecasting

scholarly journals A NEW METHOD OF PERFORMING FIELD TRIALS

1969 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-34
Author(s):  
Bernardo G. Capó
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
New Method ◽  
Numerical Example ◽  
Fertilizer Experiment ◽  
Treatment Experiment

A new method of performing field experiments with relatively small numbers of treatments is described. The requirement to be fulfilled by the layouts of such field tests is specified and examples of possible designs for a 5-treatment experiment are illustrated. The theory of the procedure of calculation is discussed and a numerical example of said calculations is furnished in connection with the interpretation of a fertilizer experiment performed with cotton.

scholarly journals Estimated total emissions of trace gases from the Canberra wildfires of 2003: a new method using satellite measurements of aerosol optical depth and the MOZART chemical transport model

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 977-1004
Author(s):  
C. Paton-Walsh ◽  
L. K. Emmons ◽  
S. R. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Aerosol Optical Depth ◽  
Optical Depth ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Chemical Transport ◽  
New Method ◽  
Chemical Transport Model ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Vegetation Fires

Abstract. In this paper we describe a new method for estimating trace gas emissions from large vegetation fires using measurements of aerosol optical depth from the MODIS instruments onboard NASA's Terra and Aqua satellites, combined with the atmospheric chemical transport model MOZART. The model allows for an estimate of double counting of enhanced levels of aerosol optical depth in consecutive satellite overpasses. Using this method we infer an estimated total emission of 10±3 Tg of carbon monoxide from the Canberra fires of 2003. Emissions estimates for several other trace gases are also given. An assessment of the uncertainties in the new method is made and we show that our estimate agrees (within expected uncertainties) with estimates made using current conventional methods of multiplying together factors for the area burned, fuel load, the combustion efficiency and the emission factor for carbon monoxide. The new method for estimating emissions from large vegetation fires described in this paper has some significant uncertainties, but these are mainly quantifiable and largely independent of the uncertainties inherent in conventional techniques. Thus we conclude that the new method is a useful additional tool for characterising emissions from vegetation fires.

scholarly journals CO Gas-Induced Resonance Frequency Shift of ZnO-Functionalized Microcantilever in Humid Air

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lia Aprilia ◽  
Ratno Nuryadi ◽  
Dwi Gustiono ◽  
Nurmahmudi ◽  
Arief Udhiarto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Resonance Frequency ◽  
Frequency Shift ◽  
Hydrothermal Method ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Humid Air ◽  
Resonance Frequency Shift ◽  
Co Gas

Resonance frequency shift of a zinc oxide- (ZnO-) functionalized microcantilever as a response to carbon monoxide (CO) gas has been investigated. Here, ZnO microrods were grown on the microcantilever surface by a hydrothermal method. The measurement of resonance frequency of the microcantilever vibrations due to the gas was carried out in two conditions, that is, gas flow with and without air pumping into an experiment chamber. The results show that the resonance frequency of the ZnO-functionalized microcantilever decreases because of CO in air pumping condition, while it increases when CO is introduced without air pumping. Such change in the resonance frequency is influenced by water vapor condition, and a possible model based on water-CO combination was proposed.

Mycotoxins in organically versus conventionally produced cereal grains and some other crops in temperate regions

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 755-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Brodal ◽  
I.S. Hofgaard ◽  
G.S. Eriksen ◽  
A. Bernhoft ◽  
L. Sundheim
Keyword(s):  
Farming Systems ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Mycotoxin Contamination ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Apple Products ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Difference

This paper presents peer-reviewed studies comparing the content of deoxynivalenol (DON), HT-2+T-2 toxins, zearalenone (ZEA), nivalenol (NIV), ochratoxin A (OTA) and fumonisins in cereal grains, and patulin (PAT) in apple and apple-based products, produced in organically and conventionally grown crops in temperate regions. Some of the studies are based on data from controlled field trials, however, most are farm surveys and some are food basket surveys. Almost half of the studies focused on DON in cereals. The majority of these studies found no significant difference in DON content in grain from the two farming systems, but several studies showed lower DON content in organically than in conventionally produced cereals. A number of the investigations reported low DON levels in grain, far below the EU limits for food. Many authors suggested that weather conditions, years, locations, tillage practice and crop rotation are more important for the development of DON than the type of farming. Organically produced oats contained mainly lower levels of HT-2+T-2 toxins than conventionally produced oats. Most studies on ZEA reported no differences between farming systems, or lower concentrations in organically produced grain. For the other mycotoxins in cereals, mainly low levels and no differences between the two farming systems were reported. Some studies showed higher PAT contamination in organically than in conventionally produced apple and apple products. The difference may be due to more efficient disease control in conventional orchards. It cannot be concluded that any of the two farming systems increases the risk of mycotoxin contamination. Despite no use of fungicides, an organic system appears generally able to maintain mycotoxin contamination at low levels. More systematic comparisons from scientifically controlled field trials and surveys are needed to clarify if there are differences in the risk of mycotoxin contamination between organically and conventionally produced crops.

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