Utilising Airborne Multispectral Videography to Predict Habitat Complexity in Eucalypt Forests for Wildlife Management *Further information about this research can be found on the World Wide Web at http://www.ffp.csiro.au/nfm/mdq/

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 691 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. C. Coops ◽  
P. C. Catling
Keyword(s):  
Forest Structure ◽  
Habitat Complexity ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Mammalian Fauna ◽  
Variable Response ◽  
Local Variance ◽  
Eucalypt Forests ◽  
Difficult Terrain ◽  
The Relationship

Airborne videographic remote sensing is a relatively recent technology thatcan provide inexpensive and high-spatial-resolution imagery for forestmanagement. This paper presents a methodology that allows videographic data tobe modelled to predict habitat complexity in eucalypt forests.Within the eucalypt forests of south-eastern New South Wales, plots werelocated on the imagery, and the local variance of the videography within eachplot was computed on the assumption that changes in local variance provided anindication of forest structure, and thus the habitat complexity of the site.The near- infrared (NIR) channel demonstrated the most variation, as thatchannel provided an indication of photosynthetic activity and, as a result,the variation between canopy, understorey, ground cover, soil and shadowprovided a highly variable response in the video imagery. Habitat-complexityscores were used to record forest structure, and the relationship between theNIR variance and field habitat-complexity scores was highly significant(P < 0·001)(r2 = 0·75;n = 29). From this relationship, maps of thehabitat-complexity scores were predicted from the videography at 2-m spatialresolution. The model was extrapolated across a 1 1 km subset of the videodata and field verification showed that the predicted scores correspondedclosely with the field scores.Studies have demonstrated the relationship between habitat-complexity scoresand the distribution and abundance of different mammalian fauna. This methodallows predictions of habitat-complexity scores to be spatially extrapolatedand used to stratify the landscape into regions for both the modelling offaunal habitat and to predict the composition, distribution and abundance ofsome faunal groups across the landscape. Ultimately, the management of foresthabitats for wildlife will depend on the availability of accurate maps of thediversity and extent of habitats over large areas and/or in difficult terrain.

Prediction of the distribution and abundance of small mammals in the eucalypt forests of south-eastern Australia from airborne videography

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 641 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. C. Coops ◽  
P. C. Catling
Keyword(s):  
Forest Structure ◽  
Habitat Complexity ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Strong Positive Relationship ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Spatial Estimates ◽  
Forested Landscapes ◽  
Eucalypt Forests ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between forest structure or habitat complexity and distribution and abundance has been demonstrated for a variety of mammalian species in the southern forests of Australia. Recently, studies that utilise airborne videography data have predicted forest structure across forested landscapes. This paper unites these two fields of research. Existing models of species abundance were applied to spatial estimates of habitat complexity to produce predictions of the distribution and abundance of two small ground-dwelling mammals commonly found in eucalypt forests. The spatial estimates of habitat complexity were extrapolated across the landscape from videography at 2-m spatial resolution on four 1-km 2 study areas. To examine the accuracy of the abundance predictions, trapping grids for the two species were established across a range of abundances. Linear regression showed a strong positive relationship between the predicted distribution and abundance from the videography and the recorded distribution and abundance for the species.

scholarly journals Recent advances in applications of multimodal ultrasound-guided photoacoustic imaging technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanshan Wang ◽  
Yunfeng Zhao ◽  
Ye Xu
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Photoacoustic Imaging ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Power Doppler ◽  
Infrared Region ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Imaging Mode ◽  
Nonlinear Imaging ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is often performed simultaneously with ultrasound imaging and can provide functional and cellular information regarding the tissues in the anatomical markers of the imaging. This paper describes in detail the basic principles of photoacoustic/ultrasound (PA/US) imaging and its application in recent years. It includes near-infrared-region PA, photothermal, photodynamic, and multimode imaging techniques. Particular attention is given to the relationship between PAI and ultrasonic imaging; the latest high-frequency PA/US imaging of small animals, which involves not only B-mode, but also color Doppler mode, power Doppler mode, and nonlinear imaging mode; the ultrasonic model combined with PAI, including the formation of multimodal imaging; the preclinical imaging methods; and the most effective detection methods for clinical research for the future.

Evaluation of wood variation based on the eigenvalue distribution of near infrared spectral matrix

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takaaki Fujimoto
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Helmholtz Free Energy ◽  
Previous Knowledge ◽  
Spectral Matrix ◽  
Disordered Structure ◽  
Infrared Spectral ◽  
Low Modulus ◽  
Wood Variation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Thermodynamics And Statistical Mechanics

A method to evaluate the wood variation based on the eigenvalue analysis for the near infrared spectral matrix is presented. The set of eigenvalues calculated from the variance-covariance matrix is treated as the Hamiltonian, which represents the energy eigenstate of the wood, and the wood variation is discussed from the viewpoints of thermodynamics and statistical mechanics. To determine the validity of this idea, two sample groups, one having a high and the other having a low modulus of elasticity ( Efr), are prepared, because they obviously have different molecular configurations in the cell wall. The eigenvalues of the high Efr group are widely distributed compared with those of the low Efr group. The probability corresponding to each energy eigenstate of the low Efr group is flatly distributed compared with that of the high Efr group. These results indicate that the low Efr wood has a more disordered structure than the high Efr wood. The Helmholtz free energy is higher in the high Efr group; in contrast, the entropy is higher in the low Efr group. The results obtained in this study are consistent with the previous knowledge with regard to the relationship between the mechanical properties and the microscopic structure of wood. Hence, the eigenvalues obtained from the NIR spectral matrix provide useful information to assess the variation and stability of wood.

scholarly journals Vastus lateralis oxygenation during prolonged cycling in healthy males

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kotaro Kawaguchi ◽  
Yukiko Hayashi ◽  
Kiyokazu Sekikawa ◽  
Mitsuru Tabusadani ◽  
Tsutomu Inamizu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Muscle Oxygenation ◽  
Cardiovascular Drift ◽  
Systemic Oxygen ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined the relationship between acute cardiorespiratory and muscle oxygenation and blood volume changes during prolonged exercise. Eight healthy male volunteers (mean maximum oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]O2max) = 41.6 ± 2.4 mL/kg/min) performed 60 min submaximal cycling at 50% [Formula: see text]O2max. Oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]O2) was measured by indirect spirometry, cardiac output (CO) was estimated using a PortapresTM, and right vastus lateralis oxyhemoglobin/ myoglobin (oxyHb/Mb), deoxyhemoglobin/myoglobin (deoxyHb/Mb), and total hemoglobin/myoglobin (total Hb/Mb) were recorded using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). After 40 min of exercise, there was a significant increase in [Formula: see text]O2 due to a significantly higher arteriovenous oxygen difference ((a - v)O2diff). After 30 min of exercise CO remained unchanged, but there was a significant decrease in stroke volume and a proportionate increase in heart rate, thus indicating the occurrence of cardiovascular drift. During the first few minutes of exercise, there was a decline in oxyHb/Mb and total Hb/Mb, whereas deoxyHb/Mb remained unchanged. Thereafter, oxyHb/Mb and total Hb/Mb increased systematically until the termination of exercise while deoxyHb/Mb declined. After 40 min of exercise, these changes were significantly different from the baseline values. There were no significant correlations between the changes in the NIRS variables and systemic [Formula: see text]O2 or mixed (a - v)O2diff during exercise. These results suggest that factors other than localized changes in muscle oxygenation and blood volume account for the increased [Formula: see text]O2 during prolonged submaximal exercise. Key words: near infrared spectroscopy, cardiovascular drift, systemic oxygen consumption.

scholarly journals Anharmonicity and Spectra–Structure Correlations in MIR and NIR Spectra of Crystalline Menadione (Vitamin K3)

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (22) ◽  
pp. 6779
Author(s):  
Krzysztof B. Beć ◽  
Justyna Grabska ◽  
Christian W. Huck ◽  
Sylwester Mazurek ◽  
Mirosław A. Czarnecki
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Molecular System ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Vitamin K3 ◽  
Structure Correlations ◽  
Mir Spectra ◽  
Combination Bands ◽  
The Relationship

Mid-infrared (MIR) and near-infrared (NIR) spectra of crystalline menadione (vitamin K3) were measured and analyzed with aid of quantum chemical calculations. The calculations were carried out using the harmonic approach for the periodic model of crystal lattice and the anharmonic DVPT2 calculations applied for the single molecule model. The theoretical spectra accurately reconstructed the experimental ones permitting for reliable assignment of the MIR and NIR bands. For the first time, a detailed analysis of the NIR spectrum of a molecular system based on a naphthoquinone moiety was performed to elucidate the relationship between the chemical structure of menadione and the origin of the overtones and combination bands. In addition, the importance of these bands during interpretation of the MIR spectrum was demonstrated. The overtones and combination bands contribute to 46.4% of the total intensity of menadione in the range of 3600–2600 cm−1. Evidently, these bands play a key role in shaping of the C-H stretching region of MIR spectrum. We have shown also that the spectral regions without fundamentals may provide valuable structural information. For example, the theoretical calculations reliably reconstructed numerous overtones and combination bands in the 4000–3600 and 2800–1800 cm−1 ranges. These results, provide a comprehensive origin of the fundamentals, overtones and combination bands in the NIR and MIR spectra of menadione, and the relationship of these spectral features with the molecular structure.

On the Scales Associated with Near-Infrared Reflectance Difference Spectra

1995 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 765-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Dhanoa ◽  
S. J. Lister ◽  
R. J. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Scatter Correction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Difference Spectra ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Standard Normal Variate ◽  
Near Infrared Spectra ◽  
Standard Normal ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Scale differences of individual near-infrared spectra are identified when set-independent standard normal variate (SNV) and de-trend (DT) transformations are applied in either SNV followed by DT or DT then SNV order. The relationship of set-dependent multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) to SNV is also referred to. A simple correction factor is proposed to convert derived spectra from one order to the other. It is suggested that the suitable order for the study of changes using difference spectra (when removing baselines) should be DT followed by SNV, which leads to all derived spectra on the scale of mean zero and variance equal to one. If baselines are identical, then SNV scale spectra can be used to calculate differences.

Evaluation of human coronary vasodilator function predicts future coronary atheroma progression

Heart ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 104 (17) ◽  
pp. 1439-1446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel L Sidharta ◽  
Timothy J Baillie ◽  
Stuart Howell ◽  
Stephen J Nicholls ◽  
Natalie Montarello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Coronary Plaque ◽  
Plaque Burden ◽  
Plaque Progression ◽  
Independent Function ◽  
Lipid Core ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Coronary Vasodilator ◽  
Dependent Function ◽  
The Relationship

ObjectiveCoronary vasodilator function and atherosclerotic plaque progression have both been shown to be associated with adverse cardiovascular events. However, the relationship between these factors and the lipid burden of coronary plaque remains unknown. These experiments focus on investigating the relationship between impaired coronary vasodilator function (endothelium dependent (salbutamol) and endothelium independent (glyceryl trinitrate)) and the natural history of atheroma plaque progression and lipid burden using dual modality intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) imaging.Methods33 patients with stable chest pain or acute coronary syndrome underwent serial assessment of coronary vasodilator function and intracoronary plaque IVUS and NIRS imaging. Coronary segmental macrovascular response (% change segmental lumen volume (ΔSLV)), plaque burden (per cent atheroma volume (PAV)), lipid core (lipid-rich plaque (LRP) and lipid core burden index (LCBI)) were measured at baseline and after an interval of 12–18 months (n=520 segments).ResultsLipid-negative coronary segments which develop into LRP over the study time period demonstrated impaired endothelial-dependent function (−0.24±2.96 vs 5.60±1.47%, P=0.04) and endothelial-independent function (13.91±4.45 vs 21.19±3.19%, P=0.036), at baseline. By multivariate analysis, endothelial-dependent function predicted ∆LCBI (β coefficient: −3.03, 95% CI (−5.81 to −0.25), P=0.033) whereas endothelial-independent function predicted ∆PAV (β coefficient: 0.07, 95% CI (0.04 to 0.10), P<0.0001).ConclusionsEpicardial coronary vasodilator function is a determinant of future atheroma progression and composition irrespective of the nature of clinical presentation.Trial registration numberACTRN12612000594820, Post-results.

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