Annual survival estimates and risk of fluoroacetate (1080) secondary poisoning for New Zealand falcons (Falco novaeseelandiae) in a managed exotic forest

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chifuyu Horikoshi ◽  
Phil F. Battley ◽  
Edward O. Minot
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Radio Telemetry ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Secondary Poisoning ◽  
Annual Survival ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Intensively Managed

Context The risk of secondary poisoning to native fauna during pest control operations is an issue of global concern. In New Zealand, non-target impacts during sodium fluoroacetate (1080) operations are particularly contentious. 1080 is used extensively for pest control for conservation, bovine tuberculosis control, and in plantation forestry for seedling protection from herbivores. The endemic New Zealand falcon (Falco novaeseelandiae) breeds in Kaingaroa forest, an intensively managed pine plantation where regular 1080 poison operations are conducted; however, causes of mortality and risks of secondary poisoning by 1080 are not well documented. Aims We aimed to investigate mortality and survival of adult falcons with an emphasis on assessing the possible role of 1080 poisoning in annual mortality. Methods Using radio-telemetry and visual observations, we monitored 37 marked adult falcons before and after 1080 operations in 2013–14 (16 through carrot-bait and 21 through cereal-bait operations) and assessed mortality causes through post-mortem examinations. Using Program MARK, the annual survival rates for adults and independent juveniles were estimated from long-term banding data (2003–2014). Key results Survival of falcons was high through both cereal-bait (21/21) and carrot-bait (15/16) 1080 operations (overall 95% CI for survival = 84–100%). The exception was a radio-tagged male that died of unknown causes within a fortnight of an operation and tested negative for 1080 residues. Three falcons were depredated by introduced mammals. One falcon was found dead in an emaciated condition but evidently died from head injury through Australasian magpie (Cracticus tibicen) attack. The annual survival rate of falcons estimated from long-term banding was 80 ± 6.0% (mean ± s.e.) for adults and 29 ± 0.1% for juveniles. Conclusions No adult falcon death was attributable to 1080 poisoning in this study. Identifiable mortalities were attributable to depredation by introduced mammals and an injury from an Australasian magpie. The annual survival rate of Kaingaroa falcons was comparable to those of other raptor species worldwide. Implications The risk to adult falcons from 1080 secondary poisoning is likely low. Whether this is also true for juveniles requires further study.

Demography of the San Francisco Gartersnake in Coastal San Mateo County, California

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J. Halstead ◽  
Glenn D. Wylie ◽  
Melissa Amarello ◽  
Jeffrey J. Smith ◽  
Michelle E. Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Thamnophis Sirtalis ◽  
Annual Survival ◽  
Coastal Prairie ◽  
Probability Of Survival ◽  
Annual Probability ◽  
The Status ◽  
San Mateo County

Abstract The San Francisco gartersnake Thamnophis sirtalis tetrataenia has been federally listed as endangered since 1967, but little demographic information exists for this species. We examined the demography of a San Francisco gartersnake population on approximately 213 ha of California coastal prairie in San Mateo County, California, from 2007 to 2010. The best-supported mark–recapture model indicated annual variation in daily capture probabilities and annual survival rates. Abundance increased throughout the study period, with a mean total population from 2008 to 2010 of 443 (95% CI  =  313–646) individuals. Annual survival was slightly greater than that of most other gartersnakes, with an annual probability of survival of 0.78 (0.55–0.95) in 2008–2009 and 0.75 (0.49–0.93) in 2009–2010. Mean annual per capita recruitment rates were 0.73 (0.02–2.50) in 2008–2009 and 0.47 (0.02–1.42) in 2009–2010. From 2008 to 2010, the probability of an increase in abundance at this site was 0.873, with an estimated increase of 115 (−82 to 326) individuals. The estimated population growth rate in 2008–2009 was 1.52 (0.73–3.29) and in 2009–2010 was 1.21 (0.70–2.17). Although this population is probably stable or increasing in the short term, long-term studies of the status of the San Francisco gartersnake at other sites are required to estimate population trends and to elucidate mechanisms that promote the recovery of this charismatic member of our native herpetofauna.

scholarly journals Clinical Outcomes of Penetrating Keratoplasty and Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty in Asian Population with American Corneas

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (22) ◽  
pp. 4547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsiao ◽  
Chen ◽  
Meir ◽  
Tan ◽  
Hsiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Graft Survival ◽  
Penetrating Keratoplasty ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Chang Gung Memorial Hospital ◽  
Endothelial Keratoplasty ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Donor Corneas

To determine the comparative efficacy and safety of penetrating keratoplasty (PK) and Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) in the Asian population receiving imported donor corneas, our single-center retrospective study provides analysis supporting the transition from PK to DSAEK in the Asian population using imported American donor corneas. We analyzed 259 patients with 241 and 57 cases of PK and DSAEK respectively during 2008 to 2017 using imported corneas at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan. In terms of long-term graft survival analysis, there was no difference between PK and DSAEK (log-rank p = 0.386, HR = 0.920, 95% CI: [0.641–1.380]). However, Cox proportional regression analysis revealed that corneal survival rate of DSAEK group in the first 100 days after transplantation was inferior than that of PK group (log-rank p < 0.001, HR = 2.733, 95% CI: [1.501–4.977])]. Despite the inferior survival rate, there were significantly less neovascularization and Descemet membrane folds in the DSAEK group. Importantly, the non-complication rate of DSAEK was much higher than that of PK with significant difference (PK, 25.7% vs DSAEK 42.0%, p = 0.022). Collectively, DSAEK is suggested as an alternative surgical modality in Asian patients using imported American donor corneas because of less complication, and no difference in long-term corneal graft survival rates between PK and DSAEK.

scholarly journals Prospective evaluation of multitarget treatment of pediatric patients with helical intensity-modulated radiotherapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 196 (12) ◽  
pp. 1103-1115
Author(s):  
Maria-Elena A. Salfelder ◽  
Kerstin A. Kessel ◽  
Uwe Thiel ◽  
Stefan Burdach ◽  
Severin Kampfer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Single Target ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Grade 3

Abstract Background and purpose Radiotherapy (RT) is persistently gaining significance in the treatment of pediatric tumors. However, individual features of a growing body and multifocal stages complicate this approach. Tomotherapy offers advantages in the treatment of anatomically complex tumors with low risks of side effects. Here we report on toxicity incidence and outcome of tomotherapy with a focus on multitarget RT (mtRT). Materials and methods From 2008 to 2017, 38 children diagnosed with sarcoma were treated with tomotherapy. The median age was 15 years (6–19 years). Toxicity was graded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v.4.03 and classified into symptoms during RT, acutely (0–6 months) and late (>6 months) after RT, and long-term sideeffects (>24 months). Results The main histologies were Ewing sarcoma (n = 23 [61%]) and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (n = 5 [13%]). RT was performed with a median total dose of 54 Gy (40.5–66.0 Gy) and a single dose of 2 Gy (1.80–2.27 Gy). Twenty patients (53%) received mtRT. Median follow-up was 29.7 months (95% confidence interval 15.3–48.2 months) with a 5-year survival of 55.2% (±9.5%). The 5‑year survival rate of patients with mtRT (n = 20) was 37.1 ± 13.2%, while patients who received single-target RT (n = 18) had a 5-year survival rate of 75 ± 10.8%. Severe toxicities (grade 3 and 4) emerged in 14 patients (70%) with mtRT and 7 patients (39%) with single-target RT. Two non-hematological grade 4 toxicities occurred during RT: one mucositis and one radiodermatitis. After mtRT 5 patients had grade 3 toxicities acute and after single-target RT 4 patients. One patient had acute non-hematological grade 4 toxicities (gastritis, pericarditis, and pericardial effusion) after mtRT. Severe late effects of RT occurred in 2 patients after mtRT and in none of the single-target RT patients. No severe long-term side effects appeared. Conclusion Our results showed acceptable levels of acute and late toxicities, considering the highly advanced diseases and multimodal treatment. Hence, tomotherapy is a feasible treatment method for young patients with anatomically complex tumors or multiple targets. Especially mtRT is a promising and innovative treatment approach for pediatric sarcomas, delivering unexpectedly high survival rates for patients with multifocal Ewing sarcomas in this study, whereby the limited number of patients should invariably be considered in the interpretation.

scholarly journals Comparison of prognosis between emergency and scheduled hemodialysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 1221-1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhixiang Bian ◽  
Huiyi Gu ◽  
Peihua Chen ◽  
Shijian Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Overall Survival Rate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Renal Replacement Therapies

Background The survival rate of patients undergoing hemodialysis and other renal replacement therapies has been extensively studied, but comparative studies of emergency and scheduled hemodialysis are limited. Methods This study included 312 patients who underwent emergency hemodialysis and 274 who received scheduled hemodialysis. We investigated the prognostic differences between these two groups of patients, including the short-term and long-term survival rates. Results The overall survival rate was significantly better among the patients in the scheduled hemodialysis group than emergency hemodialysis group. The mortality rate within 3 months of emergency hemodialysis was 4.8%, while that within 3 months of scheduled hemodialysis was 1.1%. Conclusions Significant differences were present between emergency and scheduled hemodialysis, especially the levels of serum creatinine and hemoglobin.

scholarly journals Directing Therapy in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Using a Target 6 Min Walk Distance

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-115
Author(s):  
Nancy Rose Porhownik ◽  
Renelle Myers ◽  
Zoheir Bshouty
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Registry Data ◽  
Walk Distance ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Advanced Therapies ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial

BACKGROUND: The most effective approaches to escalating advanced therapies in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) are controversial.OBJECTIVE: To compare outcomes before and after introducing a target 6 min walk distance (6MWD) treatment strategy in PAH using registry data.METHODS: From 2001 to 2005, WHO class II to IV patients were treated with bosentan or prostanoids. In July 2005, a target 6MWD strategy was adopted. Monotherapy continued if 6MWD remained >350 m. For patients in whom 6MWD was ≤350 m, sildenafil was added. If 6MWD remained <350 m, prostanoids were considered. Changes in 6MWD, WHO class and survival rate were compared between periods.RESULTS: Before using the 6MWD strategy, there was a statistically significant improvement in mean WHO class at six, nine and 12 months (2.5±0.8 [P<0.015]; 2.5±0.8 [P<0.005]; and 2.5±0.9 [P<0.03], respectively) compared with baseline (2.9±0.9). There was a statistically significant increase in mean 6MWD at three, six, nine and 12 months (383±113 m [P<0.005]; 401±102 m [P<0.006]; 400±109 m [P<0.001]; and 399±110 m [P<0.004], respectively) compared with baseline (321±119 m). The survival rate was 95% at one and two years. From 2005 to 2009, there was a statistically significant improvement in mean WHO class at three, six, nine and 12 months (2.6±0.8 [P<0.05]; 2.3±0.9 [P<0.0001]; 2.3±0.9 [P<0.0001]; and 2.3±1.0 [P<0.0005], respectively) compared with baseline (2.8±0.7). There was statistically significant improvement in 6MWD at six months (381±126 m [P<0.05]), followed by a decline toward baseline (354±117 m). One- and two-year survival rates in the 6MWD target era were 95% and 80%, respectively.CONCLUSION: Based on registry data, adoption of this strategy did not affect survival rates, nor cause a sustained improvement in 6MWD by 12 months. WHO class improved similarly in both treatment groups.

scholarly journals Vaccination against viral hepatitis b in pediatric liver transplant recipients

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 124-129
Author(s):  
V. I. Zhilkin ◽  
O. M. Tsiroulnikova
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Pediatric Liver ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Liver Transplant Recipients

Durable protection from hepatitis B virus (HBV) and other vaccine-preventable diseases assumes great importance due to improved long-term patient and graft survival rates in pediatric liver transplantation (PLT). Vaccine immunogenicity data in transplanted children is limited. The review presents aspects of current approach for childhood HBV immunization schedule prior to transplant, duration of time since transplant for receive booster dose, target median HBsAb levels before and after PLT. The latest data about types of vaccine against HBV and vaccine effectiveness in PLT centers in the world are also presented.

The 1997 Report of the Japanese National Registry Data on Pediatric Peritoneal Dialysis Patients

1999 ◽  
Vol 19 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 473-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masataka Hondaa
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
National Registry ◽  
Catheter Survival ◽  
Technique Survival ◽  
The Mean ◽  
National Registry Data ◽  
Patient Survival Rate

Objective We have collected data on pediatric patients less than 16 years of age from the National Registry of Chronic Peritoneal Dialysis (PD). We present our experience with this population. Design The database details the patient numbers, age, outcome, cause of death, reason for terminating PD therapy, type of PD therapy, peritonitis, and catheter survival. Patients Of 807 patients, 70 patients (8.7%) were under 1 year of age, and 268 patients (33.2%) were under 6 years of age, clearly indicating that PD was the treatment of choice in young children. The duration on PD was 5 years or more in 200 patients (24.8%), which showed an increase in long-term PD patients from 11% in 1991. Patients on automated PD (APD) increased to 75% in 1997 from 9% in 1991. Results The outcomes for the total patient population of 807 as of the end of 1997 is: 253 patients (31.4%) were being successfully treated with PD, 87 patients (10.8%) died, 238 patients (29.5%) received a kidney transplant, and 121 (15.0%) were transferred to hemodialysis. The patient survival rate was 91% in 3 years and 86% in 5 years. The technique survival rate was 83% in 3 years and 71% in 5 years. The rate of peritonitis was 1 episode per 30 patient -months. The mean catheter duration was 2.25 years. Conclusion The patient and technique survival rates, the peritonitis rate, and the catheter survival improved recently. However, these data were worse in younger children (less than 6 years of age), indicating that extra-careful management is needed for this young age group.

Secondary poisoning of ferrets and cats after 1080 rabbit poisoning

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard P. Heyward ◽  
Grant L. Norbury
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Radio Telemetry ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Control Site ◽  
The Other ◽  
Natural Mortality ◽  
Secondary Poisoning

The incidence of secondary poisoning was determined by using radio-telemetry to assess the survival of 68 ferrets and 21 cats on two treatment sites and one control site in the dry tussock grasslands of New Zealand. The treatment sites were aerially poisoned with 1080-coated carrot baits (0.02% wt/wt) to control rabbits. The control site was not poisoned. Ferrets and cats were monitored at two-weekly intervals for at least 1 month before, and 2 months after the poison operations. Muscle samples from ferrets and cats that died within 50 days of poisoning on the treatment sites were assayed for 1080. In all, 7–11% (n = 28) of ferrets on one site and 8–15% (n = 26) of ferrets at the other site apparently died of secondary 1080 poisoning. Natural mortality rates of ferrets were 46–81% per annum. While we have evidence that secondary poisoning of cats does occur, we monitored insufficient numbers of cats to reliably estimate mortality rates. Declines in predator numbers are commonly observed after rabbit poisoning. This study indicates that secondary poisoning contributes to these declines.

Disease Activity and Adverse Events in Patients with ANCA-Associated Vasculitides Undergoing Long-Term Dialysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 1665-1675
Author(s):  
Maëlis Kauffmann ◽  
Mickaël Bobot ◽  
Thomas Robert ◽  
Stéphane Burtey ◽  
Grégoire Couvrat-Desvergnes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
National Health System ◽  
Dialysis Initiation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Kidney Impairment

Background and objectivesKidney impairment of ANCA-associated vasculitides can lead to kidney failure. Patients with kidney failure may suffer from vasculitis relapses but are also at high risk of infections and cardiovascular events, which questions the maintenance of immunosuppressive therapy.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsPatients with ANCA-associated vasculitides initiating long-term dialysis between 2008 and 2012 in France registered in the national Renal Epidemiology and Information Network registry and paired with the National Health System database were included. We analyzed the proportion of patients in remission off immunosuppression over time and overall and event-free survival on dialysis (considering transplantation as a competing risk). We compared the incidence of vasculitis relapses, serious infections, cardiovascular events, and cancers before and after dialysis initiation.ResultsIn total, 229 patients were included: 142 with granulomatous polyangiitis and 87 with microscopic polyangiitis. Mean follow-up after dialysis initiation was 4.6±2.7 years; 82 patients received a kidney transplant. The proportion of patients in remission off immunosuppression increased from 23% at dialysis initiation to 62% after 5 years. Overall survival rates on dialysis were 86%, 69%, and 62% at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. Main causes of death were infections (35%) and cardiovascular events (26%) but not vasculitis flares (6%). The incidence of vasculitis relapses decreased from 57 to seven episodes per 100 person-years before and after dialysis initiation (P=0.05). Overall, during follow-up, 45% of patients experienced a serious infection and 45% had a cardiovascular event, whereas 13% experienced a vasculitis relapse.ConclusionsThe proportion of patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis in remission off immunosuppression increases with time spent on dialysis. In this cohort, patients were far less likely to relapse from their vasculitis than to display serious infectious or cardiovascular events.PodcastThis article contains a podcast at https://www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2021_11_08_CJN03190321.mp3

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