What are they hunting for? Investigating heterogeneity among sika deer (Cervus nippon) hunters

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey N. Kerr ◽  
Walt Abell
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Sika Deer ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Cervus Nippon ◽  
Active Management ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Game Animal ◽  
Personal Benefit ◽  
Recreational Hunting

Context New Zealand’s Game Animal Council has the opportunity to manage game animals. However, effective management requires understanding of the benefits to hunters of hunting-game resources and how those benefits and behaviours change in response to changes in hunt attributes, including game-animal densities, hunt duration, presence of other hunters and travel distance. Aims To identify different typologies of recreational sika deer (Cervus nippon) hunters and to measure the importance of salient hunt attributes for the different groups, to identify opportunities for enhancing recreational hunting experiences. Methods We explored hunter differences through factor analysis and cluster analysis, identifying three different groups of hunters on the basis of motivations and frequency of hunting. Preferences for hunt attributes were explored with a choice experiment that used a pivot design around actual travel distances to measure the relative importance of hunt-related attributes. Latent class analysis of choice-experiment responses identified three discrete groups of hunters who sought different activity settings. Key Results Results showed the high value of recreational hunting, and identified significant heterogeneity in hunter preference. Membership of the different clusters identified in the cluster analysis and motivations for hunting were not significant predictors of activity-setting preferences, whereas frequency of hunting was. One group of locals took short-duration hunts that were of low personal benefit. The other groups preferred longer hunts and received high personal benefits. Trophy potential was a significant determinant of the choice of hunt location. Conclusions Changes in hunt attributes, such as deer density, trophy potential and presence of other hunters have significant effects on hunt benefits and site choice. Implications Sika deer hunting is currently open access, which diminishes hunter benefits because of goal interference both within and among different groups of hunters. The present study identified potential gains from active management of sika deer and sika deer hunters.

Himalayan tahr (Hemitragus jemlahicus) recreational hunting values

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Active Management ◽  
Environmental Harm ◽  
Hunting Activity ◽  
Recreational Hunting ◽  
Hemitragus Jemlahicus ◽  
Himalayan Tahr ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Recreational Benefits

Context Himalayan tahr (Hemitragus jemlahicus) are a valued game resource that can cause environmental harm, requiring control of tahr populations below policy-prescribed thresholds. Effective game management requires understanding of the benefits to hunters of game resources and how hunter behaviours change in response to changes in hunt attributes, including game-animal densities, hunt duration, presence of other hunters and travel distance. Aims To identify the value of recreational Himalayan tahr hunting and how that value is affected by changes in hunt attributes for different types of hunter, thereby identifying the value of tahr as a recreational resource and opportunities for enhancing recreational hunting experiences. Methods Hunter differences were explored through factor analysis and cluster analysis, which identified three different groups of hunters on the basis of motivations and hunting activity. Preferences for hunt attributes were explored with a choice experiment that used a pivot design around actual travel distances to measure the relative importance of hunt-related attributes. Latent class analysis of choice experiment responses identified three discrete groups of hunters who sought different activity settings. Key results Results showed the high value of recreational tahr hunting for all three groups of tahr hunters. Tahr hunters were uniformly focussed on trophy bull tahr, and reduced probabilities of securing a trophy would diminish recreational hunting effort significantly. Hunting activity was not affected by adult female tahr populations. These results suggest that managing tahr to low densities, but improving trophy potential, can provide concurrent environmental and recreational benefits. Conclusions Changes in hunt attributes, such as trophy potential and presence of other hunters, have significant effects on hunt benefits, site choice and the amount of recreational tahr hunting. Implications The present study identified potential gains from active management of Himalayan tahr and tahr hunters.

Investigating demand for biofortified seeds in developing countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekin Birol ◽  
Dorene Asare-Marfo ◽  
Bhushana Karandikar ◽  
Devesh Roy ◽  
Michael Tedla Diressie
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Iron ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Experiment Method

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore farmer acceptance of a biofortified staple food crop in a developing country prior to its commercialization. The paper focuses on the hypothetical introduction of a high-iron pearl millet variety in Maharashtra, India, where pearl millet is among the most important staple crops. Design/methodology/approach – A choice experiment is used to investigate farmer preferences for and trade-offs among various production and consumption attributes of pearl millet. The key pearl millet attributes studied include days it takes pearl millet to mature, color of the roti (flat bread) the grain produces, the presence of high-iron content (nutritional attribute), and the price of the pearl millet seed. Choice data come from 630 pearl millet-producing households from three purposefully selected districts of Maharashtra. A latent class model is used to investigate the heterogeneity in farmers’ preferences for pearl millet attributes and to profile farmers who are more or less likely to choose high-iron varieties of pearl millet. Findings – The results reveal that there are three distinct segments in the sample, and there is significant heterogeneity in farmer preferences across these segments. High-iron pearl millet is valued the most by larger households that produce mainly for household consumption and currently have lower quality diets. Households that mainly produce for market sales, on the other hand, derive lower benefits from consumption characteristics such as color and nutrition. Research limitations/implications – The main limitation of the study is that it uses a stated preference choice experiment method, which suffers from hypothetical bias. At the time of implementing this study biofortified high-iron pearl millet varieties were not yet developed, therefore the authors could not have implemented revealed preference elicitation methods with real products and payment. Originality/value – The method used (stated preference choice experiment method) is commonly used to value non-market goods such as environmental goods and products that are not yet in the market. It’s application to agriculture and in developing countries is increasing. As far as the authors know this is the first choice experiment implemented to investigate farmer/consumer preferences for biofortified crops. The study presents valuable information for development and delivery of biofortified crops for reducing micronutrient deficiencies.

scholarly journals What do community health workers want? Findings of a discrete choice experiment among Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. e001509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwa Abdel-All ◽  
Blake Angell ◽  
Stephen Jan ◽  
Martin Howell ◽  
Kirsten Howard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Choice Experiment ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Health Check ◽  
Social Health ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Group 3

IntroductionA number of factors contribute to the performance and motivation of India’s Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs). This study aims to identify the key motivational factors (and their relative importance) that may help retain ASHAs in service.MethodsA discrete choice experiment (DCE) survey presented ASHAs with eight unlabelled choice sets, each describing two hypothetical jobs that varied based on five attributes, specifically salary, workload, travel allowance, supervision and other job benefits. Multinomial logit and latent class (LC) models were used to estimate stated preferences for the attributes.ResultWe invited 318 ASHAs from 53 primary health centres of Guntur, a district in south India. The DCE was completed by 299 ASHAs using Android tablets. ASHAs were found to exhibit a strong preference for jobs that incorporated training leading to promotion, a fixed salary and free family healthcare. ASHAs were willing to sacrifice 2530 Indian rupee (INR) from their monthly salary, for a job offering training leading to promotion opportunity and 879 INR for a free family health-check. However, there was significant heterogeneity in preferences across the respondents. The LC model identified three distinct groups (comprising 51%, 35% and 13% of our cohort, respectively). Group 1 and 2 preferences were dominated by the training and salary attributes with group 2 having higher preference for free family health-check while group 3 preferences were dominated by workload. Relative to group 3, ASHAs in groups 1 and 2 were more likely to have a higher level of education and less likely to be the main income earners for their families.ConclusionASHAs are motivated by both non-financial and financial factors and there is significant heterogeneity between workers. Policy decisions aimed at overcoming workforce attrition should target those areas that are most valued by ASHAs to maximise the value of investments into these workers.Trial registration numberCTRI/2018/03/012425.

Vocalizations in red deer (Cervus elaphus), sika deer (Cervus nippon), and red × sika hybrids

1998 ◽  
Vol 244 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Long ◽  
N.P. Moore ◽  
T. J. Hayden
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Sika Deer ◽  
Cervus Nippon

Seasonal habitat selection of an expanding sika deer Cervus nippon population in eastern Hokkaido, Japan

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayumi Sakuragi ◽  
Hiromasa Igota ◽  
Hiroyuki Uno ◽  
Koichi Kaji ◽  
Masami Kaneko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Sika Deer ◽  
Cervus Nippon ◽  
Selection Of

Dietary Overlap But Spatial Gap between Sympatric Japanese Serow (Capricornis crispus) and Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) on Eastern Shikoku, Japan

Mammal Study ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Asuka Yamashiro ◽  
Yoshinori Kaneshiro ◽  
Yoichi Kawaguchi ◽  
Tadashi Yamashiro
Keyword(s):  
Sika Deer ◽  
Cervus Nippon ◽  
Dietary Overlap ◽  
Japanese Serow

Parelaphostrongylus tenuis–Associated Meningoencephalitis in a Sika Deer (Cervus nippon)

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 287-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard W. Gerhold ◽  
M. Kevin Keel ◽  
Kim Arnold ◽  
Doug Hotton ◽  
Robert B. Beckstead
Keyword(s):  
Sika Deer ◽  
Cervus Nippon ◽  
Parelaphostrongylus Tenuis

scholarly journals Detecting the Mechanism behind the Transition from Fixed Two-Dimensional Patterned Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) Dermal Papilla Cells to Three-Dimensional Pattern

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4715
Author(s):  
Guanning Wei ◽  
Hongmei Sun ◽  
Haijun Wei ◽  
Tao Qin ◽  
Yifeng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Condition ◽  
Sika Deer ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cervus Nippon ◽  
Dermal Papilla ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
The Self ◽  
Dermal Papilla Cells ◽  
Aggregative Behavior ◽  
Cell Pattern

The hair follicle dermal papilla is critical for hair generation and de novo regeneration. When cultured in vitro, dermal papilla cells from different species demonstrate two distinguishable growth patterns under the conventional culture condition: a self-aggregative three dimensional spheroidal (3D) cell pattern and a two dimensional (2D) monolayer cell pattern, correlating with different hair inducing properties. Whether the loss of self-aggregative behavior relates to species-specific differences or the improper culture condition remains unclear. Can the fixed 2D patterned dermal papilla cells recover the self-aggregative behavior and 3D pattern also remains undetected. Here, we successfully constructed the two growth patterns using sika deer (Cervus nippon) dermal papilla cells and proved it was the culture condition that determined the dermal papilla growth pattern. The two growth patterns could transit mutually as the culture condition was exchanged. The fixed 2D patterned sika deer dermal papilla cells could recover the self-aggregative behavior and transit back to 3D pattern, accompanied by the restoration of hair inducing capability when the culture condition was changed. In addition, the global gene expressions during the transition from 2D pattern to 3D pattern were compared to detect the potential regulating genes and pathways involved in the recovery of 3D pattern and hair inducing capability.

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