Behavioural responses of wintering black-faced spoonbills (Platalea minor) to disturbance

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Yong Choi ◽  
Hyun-Young Nam ◽  
Woo-Shin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Behavioural Response ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Threat Level ◽  
Different Types

Context Behavioural responses can be used to understand the impacts of disturbance on animals and to develop management strategies, and there is considerable conservation interest in quantifying the effects of disturbances on wild animals. Aims We seek to formulate a management plan for the endangered black-faced spoonbills (Platalea minor) in a non-breeding ground, on the basis of their behavioural responses to different types of stimulus categorised by threat level (threatening vs non-threatening) and human involvement (anthropogenic vs natural). Methods We documented 16 stimuli from 379 disturbance events through continuous observation on 31 daily selected focal individuals, and estimated flight distances caused by human approach under different conditions at a non-breeding site in Korea. Key results The spoonbills showed the strongest behavioural response to the non-threatening anthropogenic stimuli, and human approach followed by motor vehicles caused longer responses per event than did any other type of disturbing stimulus. Flight distance caused by human approach varied depending on conditions; inactive spoonbills in mixed-species associations started to flee at the greatest distance (197.4 m, with a 50% probability), whereas the spoonbills in a single conspecific flock were the most tolerant of human approaches, regardless of their activeness (61.0–61.7 m, with a 50% probability). Conclusions Human approach had been identified as the most important disturbing stimulus that should be controlled as a priority. We also suggest that black-faced spoonbills benefit from the presence of other waterbirds and exploit them as an early warning system. Implications The tolerance of sympatric species as well as the behavioural response of target species should be considered when a buffer area for wildlife management, particularly against human disturbance, is planned. How the site has been used and what the species composition is are still important components for the design of safe refuges and roosts.

Specific behavioural responses triggered by identified mechanosensory receptor cells in the apical field of the giant rotifer Asplanchna sieboldi.

1998 ◽  
Vol 201 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-177
Author(s):  
K D Joanidopoulos ◽  
W Marwan
Keyword(s):  
Behavioural Response ◽  
Sensory Receptor ◽  
Receptor Specificity ◽  
Free Swimming ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Receptor Cells ◽  
Mechanical Interference ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Stimulation Of

The giant rotifer Asplanchna sieboldi swims by the propulsive effect of thousands of cilia arrayed in clusters around the apical field, which has several mechanosensory structures (sensilla) located at defined positions. Males and females differ in both their patterns of behaviour and their sensory receptor equipment. Unstimulated males swim straight with occasional spontaneous changes in direction until they hit an obstacle with their apical field. Depending on the direction and the strength of the mechanical interference, the animals show different behavioural responses. To analyse the effect of excitation of the apical mechanosensitive sensilla on these responses, males were held on microcapillaries, and the sensitivity of individual sensilla was assayed using micromanipulator-mediated mechanical stimulation. Stimulation of each of the four different types of sensillum triggered a specific and well-defined initial behavioural response. Individual animals behaved identically with respect to the receptor specificity of the responses. The behaviour of free-swimming males upon contact with obstacles or females is discussed on the basis of these results.

Movements and Motor Patterns of the Buccal Mass of Pleurobranchaea During Feeding, Regurgitation and Rejection

1982 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-211
Author(s):  
ANDREW D. McCLELLAN
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Motor Pattern ◽  
Pattern Generator ◽  
Behavioural Response ◽  
Rhythmic Movements ◽  
Motor Patterns ◽  
Jaw Muscles ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Buccal Mass ◽  
Different Types

Feeding, regurgitation, and rejection in the marine gastropod Pleurobranchaea all involve similar but not identical rhythmic movements of buccal mass structures such as the radula, jaws and lips. The part of the motor pattern which produces rhythmic radula movement, as recorded in the major external muscles of the buccal mass of behaving semi-intact preparations, was similar during the three different types of behaviour, suggesting that they share a common motor-pattern generator. Other parts of the motor pattern were only obviously different during the vomiting phase of regurgitation. Differences in the function and motor patterns of feeding and rejection are presumably accounted for by differences in the activity of muscles which could not be recorded from in this study (e.g. jaw muscles). A general conclusion is that buccal rhythms in gastropods cannot automatically be assumed to underlie feeding, and this is particularly true for dissected preparations which do not execute a clear behavioural response. It would be necessary either to record motor activity that is unique for a given behaviour, or to employ preparations which execute unambiguous behavioural responses.

Participatory Mapping in Browns Canyon National Monument, Colorado (USA)

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
John Harner ◽  
Lee Cerveny ◽  
Rebecca Gronewold
Keyword(s):  
Land Management ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Bureau Of Land Management ◽  
National Monument ◽  
Resource Managers ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Us Forest Service ◽  
Natural Resource Managers

Natural resource managers need up-to-date information about how people interact with public lands and the meanings these places hold for use in planning and decision-making. This case study explains the use of public participatory Geographic Information System (GIS) to generate and analyze spatial patterns of the uses and values people hold for the Browns Canyon National Monument in Colorado. Participants drew on maps and answered questions at both live community meetings and online sessions to develop a series of maps showing detailed responses to different types of resource uses and landscape values. Results can be disaggregated by interaction types, different meaningful values, respondent characteristics, seasonality, or frequency of visit. The study was a test for the Bureau of Land Management and US Forest Service, who jointly manage the monument as they prepare their land management plan. If the information generated is as helpful throughout the entire planning process as initial responses seem, this protocol could become a component of the Bureau’s planning tool kit.

Effectiveness of Truck Rollover Warning Systems

2001 ◽  
Vol 1779 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Baker ◽  
Rob Bushman ◽  
Curtis Berthelot
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Commercial Vehicles ◽  
Decision Criteria ◽  
Warning Messages ◽  
System A ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Rollover Warning

Different types of intelligent rollover system deployed by road agencies across North America are investigated. The importance of weight is addressed for maximum effectiveness of rollover warning messages for commercial vehicles in a potential rollover situation on sharp curves or exit ramps. The type of information that may be used to activate a rollover is discussed to analyze the number of correctly warned vehicles compared with the number of false warnings generated by the rollover warning system. A case study of the effectiveness of an intelligent rollover system is presented. On the basis of this case study, it was found that speed-based rollover warning systems generated anywhere from 44 percent to 49 percent more false rollover warnings for commercial vehicles than did rollover warning systems that employed weight information in the rollover decision criteria.

Management inferences from a demographic analysis of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in the Laurentian Great Lakes

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Antonio Vélez-Espino ◽  
Robert L McLaughlin ◽  
Thomas C Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Laurentian Great Lakes ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Vital Rates ◽  
Population Growth Rates

We use matrix models incorporating uncertainty in values of life history traits and density-dependent survival to assess pest management strategies implemented by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission to control nonnative sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in the Laurentian Great Lakes. The primary method of sea lamprey control has been treatment of rearing tributaries with chemical lampricides, but release of sterilized males and deployment of migratory barriers and traps are important components of the management plan. Uncertainties in the effectiveness of alternative control remain, however. Our models demonstrated that the management target of reducing lampricide use by 20% while maintaining current levels of control could be achieved if alternative methods are used to suppress current lake-wide fecundity rates by 49%–65%, assuming equal lampricide efficiency on larvae and metamorphosing individuals, or by 42%–55% when lampricide mortality on larvae is assumed to be half of that on metamorphosing individuals. At current levels of lampricide use, reduction to 72%–88% of current fecundity rates is recommended to ensure long-term control of sea lamprey populations in the face of uncertainty in current estimates of population growth rates. New control options targeting additional vital rates, such as survival of the parasitic life stage, could further reduce reliance on lampricides while maintaining effective sea lamprey control.

Efficiency of Advanced Ground Transportation Technologies

2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Kreith ◽  
Ron E. West ◽  
Beth E. Isler
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Fuel Cycle ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Transportation Technologies ◽  
Methanol Fuel Cell

This paper presents thermodynamic analyses of ten different scenarios for using natural gas to power motor vehicles. Specifically, it presents a comparison between different types of automotive vehicles using fuels made from natural gas feedstock. In comparing the various fuel-vehicle options, a complete well-to-wheel fuel cycle is considered. This approach starts with the well at which the feedstock is first extracted from the ground and ends with the power finally delivered to the wheels of the vehicle. This all-inclusive comparison is essential in order to accurately and fairly compare the transportation options. This study indicates that at the present time hybrid-electric vehicles, particularly those using diesel components, can achieve the highest efficiency among available technologies using natural gas as the primary energy source. Hydrogen spark ignition, all-electric battery-powered, and methanol fuel cell vehicles rank lowest in well-to-wheel efficiency because of their poor fuel production efficiencies.

scholarly journals At a snail’s pace: the influence of habitat disturbance on terrestrial snail movement using experimentally manipulated mesocosms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily E. Denief ◽  
Julie W. Turner ◽  
Christina M. Prokopenko ◽  
Alec L. Robitaille ◽  
Eric Vander Wal
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Movement Ecology ◽  
Behavioural Response ◽  
Habitat Alteration ◽  
Movement Behaviour ◽  
Physical Disturbance ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Cepaea Nemoralis ◽  
Experimental Mesocosms ◽  
Step Selection

AbstractThe Anthropocene marks great changes to environments and the animals that inhabit them. Changes, such as disturbance, can affect the manner in which animals interact with their environments, such as moving and selecting habitats. To test how animals might respond to changing disturbance regimes, we employ an experimental approach to movement ecology. We used integrated step selection analysis (iSSA) to test the behavioural responses of individually-marked grove snails (Cepaea nemoralis) exposed to a gradient of physical disturbance in their habitat. We used a before-after control-impact (BACI) experimental design within semi-controlled mesocosms to manipulate edge and disturbance variables by altering the area of the mesocosm covered by bricks. We showed that grove snails perceive edges of enclosures and edges of bricks as risks, and responded to such risks by altering their movement. Grove snails displayed a bimodal response to risk by taking shelter in place or moving faster to be farther from the disturbance. Furthermore, individuals tended to modulate their behavioural response to the degree of risk. Our study highlights the usefulness of experimental mesocosms in movement ecology and in determining the effects of habitat alteration and human-imposed risk on movement behaviour.

scholarly journals An Inverted Management Strategy for the Fishery of Endangered Marine Species

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hudson T. Pinheiro ◽  
Jose A. C. C. Nunes ◽  
E. O. C. Coni ◽  
E. C. G. Almeida ◽  
C. L. S. Sampaio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Innovative Strategy ◽  
Key Species ◽  
The Government ◽  
Marine Areas

Overfishing is notorious for triggering population collapses and disrupting marine biological functioning worldwide. To counter such a threat, policy-makers have created and implemented multiple management strategies, but most were incapable to prevent the decline of several key species. Here, we discuss a new management strategy in force since June 2019 in Brazil that aims to deter the overfishing of parrotfish species of the genera Scarus and Sparisoma. This innovative strategy, here referred to as inverted management, allows the capture of endangered parrotfish species inside management areas, such as partially protected marine areas—MPAs, but bans it elsewhere. This initiative is supposed to be built in a partnership among the government, scientists, managers, and fishers. If implemented correctly, endangered species would recover in the much larger area outside MPAs, and fishers would benefit from the conservation-value of the scarce and valued product. However, to succeed, the strategy depends on the adoption of a series of challenging management rules that are not currently being enforced along an extensive coastline. So far, few MPAs have incorporated rules for endangered species in their management plan, and those that have done so have no plans or the means to enforce them. Therefore, fishing of endangered species is currently ongoing without any management or monitoring in the entire Brazilian coast. Concerned with the challenges to develop plans to recover populations of endangered species faced by Brazilian managers, we suggest wide communication and a ban on the fisheries until management plans are implemented. Additionally, we suggest that the effectiveness of the inverted management strategy for parrotfishes should be assessed before it’s applied to other endangered species.

scholarly journals WASTE MANAGEMENT ON BOARD SEAGOING SHIPS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
LILIANA VIORICA POPA
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Waste Management System ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Climate Crisis ◽  
Constructive Action

"The reality remains uncomfortable, the climate crisis is coming with extreme phenomena more and more devastating around the globe and more and more people and more and more parts of ecosystems are suffering from the greed of large companies and lack of constructive action and coherent decision-makers. There are various types of waste generated during operation, and to be able to implement a waste management system, it is necessary to identify and quantify the different types of waste on board. The purpose of this paper is to examine the responsibilities, management, handling and disposal of ship-generated waste and the requirements for the preparation of an on-board waste management plan. "

scholarly journals Analysis of Differences in ECG Characteristics for Different Types of Drivers under Anxiety

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Yongqing Guo ◽  
Xiaoyuan Wang ◽  
Qing Xu ◽  
Quan Yuan ◽  
Chenglin Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Ecg Signal ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Unpleasant Feeling

Anxiety is a complex emotion characterized by an unpleasant feeling of tension when people anticipate a threat or negative consequence. It is regarded as a comprehensive reflection of human thought processes, physiological arousal, and external stimuli. The actual state of emotion can be represented objectively by human physiological signals. This study aims to analyze the differences of ECG (electrocardiogram) characteristics for various types of drivers under anxiety. We used several methods to induce drivers’ mood states (calm and anxiety) and then conducted the real and virtual driving experiments to collect driver’s ECG signal data. Physiological changes in ECG during the experiments were recorded using the PSYLAB software. The independent sample t-test analysis was conducted to determine if there are significant differences in ECG characteristics for different types of drivers in anxious state during driving. The results show that there are significant differences in ECG signal characteristics of drivers by gender, age, and driving experience, in time domain, frequency domain, and waveform under anxiety. Our findings of this study contribute to the development of more intelligent and personalized driver warning system, which could improve road traffic safety.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document