scholarly journals Evaluation of a spring-powered captive bolt gun for killing kangaroo pouch young

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 623 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Sharp ◽  
S. R. McLeod ◽  
K. E. A. Leggett ◽  
T. J. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Current Method ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
The Public ◽  
Blunt Head Trauma ◽  
Captive Bolt Gun ◽  
Base Of The Skull ◽  
Bolt Diameter ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Skull Thickness ◽  
Commercial Harvesting

Context During commercial harvesting or non-commercial kangaroo culling programs, dependent young of shot females are required to be euthanased to prevent suffering and because they would be unlikely to survive. However, the current method for killing pouch young, namely a single, forceful blow to the base of the skull, is applied inconsistently by operators and perceived by the public to be inhumane. Aims To determine whether an alternative method for killing pouch young, namely a spring-operated captive bolt gun, is effective at causing insensibility in kangaroo pouch young. Methods Trials of spring-operated captive bolt guns were conducted first on the heads of 15 dead kangaroo young and then on 21 live pouch young during commercial harvesting. We assessed the effectiveness at causing insensibility in live animals and damage caused to specific brain areas. We also measured depth of bolt penetration and skull thickness. Performance characteristics (e.g. bolt velocity) of two types of spring-operated guns were also measured and compared with cartridge-powered devices. Key results When tested on the heads of dead animals, the spring-operated captive bolt gun consistently produced a large entrance cavity and a well defined wound tract, which extended into the cerebrum, almost extending the full thickness of the brain, including the brainstem. When tested on live pouch young, the captive bolt gun caused immediate insensibility in only 13 of 21 animals. This 62% success rate is significantly below the 95% minimum acceptable threshold for captive bolt devices in domestic animal abattoirs. Failure to stun was related to bolt placement, but other factors such as bolt velocity, bolt diameter and skull properties such as thickness and hardness might have also contributed. Spring-operated captive bolt guns delivered 20 times less kinetic energy than did cartridge-powered devices. Conclusions Spring-operated captive bolt guns cannot be recommended as an acceptable or humane method for stunning or killing kangaroo pouch young. Implications Captive bolt guns have potential as a practical alternative to blunt head trauma for effective euthanasia and reducing animal (and observer) distress. However, operators must continue to use the existing prescribed killing methods until cartridge-powered captive bolt guns have been trialled as an alternative bolt propelling method.

Split Sciences: The Legal Accountability of Patients With Dissociative Identity Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhalasa Iyer ◽  
James Neve
Keyword(s):  
American Psychiatric Association ◽  
Dissociative Identity Disorder ◽  
Insanity Defense ◽  
Psychological Disorder ◽  
The Public ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Legal Accountability ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Multiple Personalities

The thriller “Split” by M. Night Shyamalan showed a glimpse into the multiple personalities of the antagonist in the film. While many elements were added for intense suspense, the existence of such a disorder was factual. Dissociative Identity Disorder is defined by the American Psychiatric Association as a “psychological illness with 2 or more distinct identities, each accompanied by changes in behavior, memory, and thinking” (American Psychiatric Association). In a legal setting, the actions of the patients with DID have numerous ramifications. This paper aims to illustrate how the accountability of DID patients during a crime should be assessed. To find out how DID patients could be held accountable, we analyzed the disorder by researching the transformations in the brain, identified its origins, and explored the consequences in a judicial milieu. After conducting this research, we identified the solution that could be seamlessly embedded into our current society and benefit the patient as well as the courts. Through the analysis of the psychological disorder with a social lens, we evaluated that the jury and the public should be made more aware of the disorder and the court should not automatically assume innocence based on just the Insanity Defense. This plan is the best course of action for patients and the court systems and also aims to adapt societal thought to be more aware of DID’s difficulties. 

Mental Disorders

2020 ◽  
pp. 191-202
Author(s):  
Iris Berent
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Psychiatric Disease ◽  
Core Knowledge ◽  
The Public ◽  
Social Opportunities ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Mix And Match

At the “age of the brain,” one would expect the public to view psychiatric disorders as “diseases like all others.” But mental illness still carries a significant social stigma that deprives them of employment, housing, and social opportunities. Invoking the brain as the source of disease helps reduce stigma, but it elicits curious fatalistic reactions. People believe that if the disease is “in the brain,” then it is more severe, incurable, and resistant to psychotherapy. And it is not only the general public that is taken by such misconceptions. Patients believe the same, and so do even trained clinicians. Why do psychiatric disorders elicit such persistent misconceptions? No one would shun a cancer patient because she has a tumor in her breast. Why shun the sufferer of a disorder that ravages the brain? And why believe brain diseases are incurable? This chapter traces the misconceptions of brain disorders to the core knowledge of Dualism and Essentialism. Dualism prompts us to presume that the mind and matter don’t mix and match; if the disease is “in your brain matter,” then, in our intuitive psychology, ephemeral “talk therapy” won’t do. Essentialism further compels us to believe that what’s “in” our material body is innate, hence, immutable, so biology is truly destiny. Thus, the same core knowledge principles that plague our self-understanding in health also derail our reasoning about psychiatric disease.

VERBAL INFORMATION IN THE THREE-STAGE SYSTEM OF LANGUAGE CODING IN THE FORM OF MULTIPLEX MECHANISMS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Muhiddinov
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Information ◽  
Language Community ◽  
The Public ◽  
Media Space ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
Deep Layers ◽  
Stage System ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Different Levels

The article deals with the problem of scientific identificationof multiplexing at different levels of codification (biomolecular, psychological,socio-cultural) of verbal information. The article shows the specifics of multiplexingmechanisms in the form of biomolecular codification in the deep layers of the brain,mental codification in the consciousness of a language personality, socio-culturalcodification in the public consciousness of a language community, and thepeculiarity of multiplex representation of information in the virtual media space.

What does the public want to know about the brain?

2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzana Herculano-Houzel
Keyword(s):  
The Public ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Parturition in Mammals: Animal Models, Pain and Distress

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2960
Author(s):  
Julio Martínez-Burnes ◽  
Ramon Muns ◽  
Hugo Barrios-García ◽  
Dina Villanueva-García ◽  
Adriana Domínguez-Oliva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Labour Pain ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
Birth Process ◽  
Pain Mechanisms ◽  
The Public ◽  
Human Labour ◽  
Experience Pain

Parturition is a complex physiological process and involves many hormonal, morphological, physiological, and behavioural changes. Labour is a crucial moment for numerous species and is usually the most painful experience in females. Contrary to the extensive research in humans, there are limited pain studies associated with the birth process in domestic animals. Nonetheless, awareness of parturition has increased among the public, owners, and the scientific community during recent years. Dystocia is a significant factor that increases the level of parturition pain. It is considered less common in polytocous species because newborns’ number and small size might lead to the belief that the parturition process is less painful than in monotocous animal species and humans. This review aims to provide elements of the current knowledge about human labour pain (monotocous species), the relevant contribution of the rat model to human labour pain, and the current clinical and experimental knowledge of parturition pain mechanisms in domestic animals that support the fact that domestic polytocous species also experience pain. Moreover, both for women and domestic animal species, parturition’s pain represents a potential welfare concern, and information on pain indicators and the appropriate analgesic therapy are discussed.

scholarly journals Electrophysiological Correlates of Shyness Affected by Facial Attractiveness

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofan Xu ◽  
Bingbing Li ◽  
Ping Liu ◽  
Dan Li
Keyword(s):  
Hemispheric Asymmetry ◽  
Public Speaking ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Facial Attractiveness ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Baseline Phase ◽  
The Public ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽  
The Brain

Previous neurological studies of shyness have focused on the hemispheric asymmetry of alpha spectral power. To the best of our knowledge, few studies have focused on the interaction between different frequencies bands in the brain of shyness. Additionally, shy individuals are even shyer when confronted with a group of people they consider superior to them. This study aimed to reveal the neural basis of shy individuals using the delta-beta correlation. Further, it aimed to investigate the effect of evaluators’ facial attractiveness on the delta-beta correlation of shyness during the speech anticipation phase. We recorded electroencephalogram (EEG) activity of 94 participants during rest and anticipation of the public speaking phase. Moreover, during the speech anticipation phase, participants were presented with high or low facial attractiveness. The results showed that, as predicted, the delta-beta correlation in the frontal region was more robust for high shyness than for low shyness during the speech anticipation phase. However, no significant differences were observed in the delta-beta correlation during the baseline phase. Further exploration found that the delta-beta correlation was more robust for high facial attractiveness than low facial attractiveness in the high shyness group. However, no significant difference was found in the low-shyness group. This study suggests that a stronger delta-beta correlation might be the neural basis for shy individuals. Moreover, high facial attractiveness might enhance the delta-beta correlation of high shyness in anticipation of public speaking.

scholarly journals A theory of piano interpretation based on cybernetics

New Sound ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 107-115
Author(s):  
Ana Szilâgyi
Keyword(s):  
Sound Perception ◽  
The Public ◽  
Complex Theory ◽  
Original Musical ◽  
Mental Operations ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Piano Playing

Ana Piti§ and Ioana Minei discovered in the 70-80s, a complex theory of piano interpretation that gives another view in the art of piano playing. The two authors systematically research the original musical information coming from the composer. This information passes through more codes until it is perceived by the public: through the musical text (the score), through the musical images of the interpreter and through technical means. The merit of this theory lies in the fact that the authors point out the audio-mental operations that take place in the brain of the interpreter reading the score before playing. This interior hearing is based on musically characteristic operations, on sound ordering, respecting musical laws. The advantage of these operations is that the piano sound is no longer perceived as mechanical, but espressive, with meaning. In the opinion of the authors, the feedback of the cybernetics causes the sound perception of the public: the sound will be heard with qualities such as timbre, dynamics and expression.

scholarly journals The brain seduction: the public perception of neuroscience

2009 ◽  
Vol 08 (04) ◽  
pp. L01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donato Ramani
Keyword(s):  
Public Perception ◽  
Science And Society ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Present Letter ◽  
Values And Beliefs ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Brain

The increasing number of magazine covers dedicated to brain studies and the success of magazines and scientific journals entirely dedicated to brain and mind indicate a strong interest on these themes. This interest is clearly surpassing the boundaries of scientific and medical researches and applications and underlines an engagement of the general public, too. This phenomenon appears to be enhanced by the increasing number of basic researches focusing on non-health-related fMRI studies, investigating aspects of personality as emotions, will, personal values and beliefs, self-identity and behaviour. The broad coverage by the media raises some central questions related to the complexity of researches, the intrinsic limits of these technologies, the results’ interpretative boundaries, factors which are crucial to properly understand the studies’ value. In case of an incomplete communication, if those fundamental interpretative elements are not well understood, we could register a misinterpretation in the public perception of the studies that opens new compelling questions. As already observed in the past debates on science and technologies applications, in this case, too, we assist to a communicative problem that set against scientific community on one side and media, on the other. Focusing our attention, in particular, on the debate on fMRI, taken as a good model, in the present letter we will investigate the most interesting aspects of the current discussion on neuroscience and neuroscience public perception. This analysis was performed as one of the bid - brains in dialogue - activities (www.neuromedia.eu). bid is a three year project supported by the European Commission under the 7th Framework Program and coordinated by Sissa, the International School for Advanced Studies of Trieste, aimed at fostering dialogue between science and society on the new challenges coming from neuroscience.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document