Does 'acoustic anchoring' reduce post-translocation dispersal of North Island robins?

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Bradley ◽  
Calum E. Ninnes ◽  
Sandra V. Valderrama ◽  
Joseph R. Waas

Context Animal translocations are an important conservation tool; however, post-release dispersal can hinder successful population establishment. Playback of conspecific song attracts dispersing individuals in some species, although its application following animal translocation has yet to be rigorously investigated. Aims To determine whether conspecific song can be used as an ‘acoustic anchor’, we adopted an experimental approach during the translocation of 60 North Island robins (Petroica longipes). Methods At one of two release locations, we broadcast song at natural rates from four speakers (4 h per morning), for 9 days following release; we set the second release location as a control where identical conditions were established but no playback occurred. To assess the impact of playback, we monitored speaker and control locations, surveyed tracks around the release areas, and radio-tracked robins over nine playback days and an additional 9 days. Key results Most robins left both immediate release areas; however, our results showed that (1) more robins (6 birds on 14 of the 18 days), in particular females (3 birds), approached the playback location than the ‘flagged’ control location (3 male birds on 5 of the 18 days), (2) individual robins returned to the playback location repeatedly, unlike those at the control site, and (3) robins also visited the playback location longer after playback than they did silent control locations. In contrast, radio-telemetry data from five robins suggested that general dispersal was not influenced by playback. Two radio-tracked females moved over long distances (some to >3 km from their release location), whereas two radio-tracked males remained relatively close to the release sites. Conclusions We demonstrated a short-term attraction effect of playback over a period of several weeks for some birds, particularly females. In contrast, we detected fewer birds over a shorter period at the silent control release site, where no females were detected. However, long-term monitoring at both sites suggested that the effect of playback on reducing post-release dispersal was transitory. Implications The lack of a clear and lasting effect of acoustic anchoring on dispersal in the present study has provided information on the limited utility of song playback as a conservation management tool for this species. Consideration of the species’ ecology and suitability for ‘acoustic anchoring’ must be made before playback is employed as a conservation measure to reduce excess post-translocation dispersal.

2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beat Meier ◽  
Anja König ◽  
Samuel Parak ◽  
Katharina Henke

This study investigates the impact of thought suppression over a 1-week interval. In two experiments with 80 university students each, we used the think/no-think paradigm in which participants initially learn a list of word pairs (cue-target associations). Then they were presented with some of the cue words again and should either respond with the target word or avoid thinking about it. In the final test phase, their memory for the initially learned cue-target pairs was tested. In Experiment 1, type of memory test was manipulated (i.e., direct vs. indirect). In Experiment 2, type of no-think instructions was manipulated (i.e., suppress vs. substitute). Overall, our results showed poorer memory for no-think and control items compared to think items across all experiments and conditions. Critically, however, more no-think than control items were remembered after the 1-week interval in the direct, but not in the indirect test (Experiment 1) and with thought suppression, but not thought substitution instructions (Experiment 2). We suggest that during thought suppression a brief reactivation of the learned association may lead to reconsolidation of the memory trace and hence to better retrieval of suppressed than control items in the long term.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vildan Güngörer ◽  
Mehmet Öztürk ◽  
Mustafa Yasir Özlü ◽  
Şükrü Arslan

ABSTRACT Objectives Long-term therapy with low-dose methotrexate (MTX) is widely used in treatment of rheumatic diseases, in children. The purpose of this study was to evaluate liver elasticity in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) who received MTX and compare the results with control group. Methods Liver elasticity was evaluated with shear wave elastography (SWE) technique in 25 patients aged 3–17 years who were followed up with JIA and received MTX and compared with 25 healthy controls of the same age and weight. Factors that had an effect on liver elasticity were examined. Results The mean SWE value of patients was 2.64 ± 2.13 m/s and 24.10 ± 18.50 kPa, whereas 1.83 ± 0.16 m/s and 10.09 ± 1.83 kPa in control group. There was a significant difference in liver elasticity in the patient and control groups. When the patients were evaluated as Group 1 (< 1000 mg) and Group 2 (≥ 1000 mg) according to the cumulative MTX dose, no significant difference was obtained. There was positive correlation between liver elasticity and weekly MTX dose and age. Conclusions Our study revealed that liver elasticity significantly decreased in patients who received MTX when compared with the control group. The elastography technique will be understood better over time and used safely in many areas.


2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 2181-2192 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. Stange ◽  
H.-U. Neue

Abstract. The formation of nitrate (nitrification) in soils is an important process that influences N availability for plant uptake and potential N losses as well. Gross nitrification is an effective measure by which to test mechanistic ecosystem models for predictability because gross rates can widely differ between sites, even if net production is similar between these sites. A field experiment was designed to (i) determine gross nitrification rates in response to fertilisation and (ii) to verify the idea that seasonal variations of gross rates in soils can be readily predicted by soil moisture and soil temperature. Gross nitrification rates were measured by a Barometric Process Separation (BaPS). The BaPS measurements were validated with the commonly used 15N pool dilution technique measurements at six times. In general, the rates determined from both measurement approaches were in the same order of magnitude and showed a good correlation. The effects of 100 years of fertilisation (mineral fertiliser, manure and control) on gross nitrification rates were investigated. During 2004 soil samples from the long-term "static fertilisation experiment" at Bad Lauchstädt were sampled weekly and were measured in the laboratory under field conditions and subsequently under standardised conditions (16°C soil temperature and −30 kPa matrix potential) with the BaPS system. Gross nitrification rates determined under standardised conditions did not show any seasonal trend but did, however, reveal a high temporal variability. Gross nitrification rates determined by the BaPS-method under field conditions showed also a high temporal variability and ranged from 5 to 77 μg N h−1 kg−1 dry mass, 2 to 74 μg N h−1 kg−1 dry mass and 0 to 49 μg N h−1 kg−1 dry mass with respect to manure, mineral fertiliser, and control. The annual average was 0.34, 0.27 and 0.19 g N a−1 kg−1 dry mass for the manure site, mineral fertiliser site and control site, respectively. On all sites gross nitrification revealed a strong seasonal dynamic. Three different models were applied for reproducing the measured results. Test models could explain 75% to 78% of variability at the manure site, 66% to 77% of variability at the mineral fertiliser site, and 39% to 63% of variability at the control site. The model parameterisation shows that the temperature sensitivity of gross nitrification differs between the three neighbouring sites. Hence, a temperature response function in an ecosystem model has to consider the site specificity in order to adequately predict the effects of future climate change on the soil N cycle.


2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Jorissen ◽  
Eddy Laveren ◽  
Rudy Martens ◽  
Anne-Mie Reheul

This article analyzes the impact of not controlling for “demographic sample” differences on research results in the area of comparative family/nonfamily business research. Using different statistical methods with and without control for “demographic sample” differences, the results show that controlling for these firm demographics in a bivariate as well as a multivariate framework is very important to discover “real” differences between family and nonfamily firms. We found “real” differences for export, budgeting, variable reward systems, profitability and gender, educational degree, and tenure of the CEO. Strategy, networking, long-term planning and control systems, perceived environmental uncertainty, growth, and management training, classified by prior empirical research as different between family and nonfamily firms, do not differ.


Oryx ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Richardson ◽  
Isabel C. Castro ◽  
Dianne H. Brunton ◽  
Doug P. Armstrong

AbstractReintroduction success depends in part on the release strategy used. Benefits are attributed to particular release strategies but few studies have tested these assumptions. We examined the effect of delayed release (a form of so-called soft release) on the survival of a threatened passerine, the New Zealand hihi Notiomystis cincta, for up to 7 months after translocation. Birds were captured at the source site and then held in captivity for disease screening. They were then taken to the release site, where 30 were released immediately and 28 were held for a further 2–4 days in an on-site aviary. Twenty-four birds were fitted with radio-transmitters. A 1,300 ha area around the release site was searched fortnightly, and survival was analysed using a multi-state model that accounted for the effect of transmitters on detection probability. Our results indicated that delayed release had a negative effect on long-term survival, but no effect was apparent in the first 6 weeks. Survival probability from 6 weeks to 7 months post-release was 0.77 ± SE 0.20 for immediate-release birds and 0.04 ± SE 0.06 for delayed-release birds. Our results suggest that there is a misconception about the benefits of delayed-release strategies during translocation of wild animals. Studies that have demonstrated a benefit of delayed release in other bird species used captive-bred individuals, and we suggest that wild individuals perceive captivity differently. We recommend that biological context is considered before delayed release is used in translocations.


Blood ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 986-986
Author(s):  
Kirill Lobastov ◽  
Iliya Schastlivtsev ◽  
Victor Barinov

Abstract Aim: To assess the impact of long-term Diosmin/Hesperidin use in the treatment of proximal deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Methods: This study was a pilot randomized open-label study with blinded outcome assessor - enrolled patients with their first episodes of popliteal-femoral DVT confirmed by duplex ultrasound (DUS). All participants were randomized into two groups: 1.) control that received a standard treatment with oral Rivaroxaban, and 2.) experimental that required additional treatment with Diosmin/Hesperidin 450/50 mg twice a day. Both drugs were used for six months. Patients were followed-up for the whole treatment period with series DUS every two months in order to evaluate the degree of recanalization by popliteal (PV), superficial femoral (SFV), and common femoral (CFV) veins' compressibility. Thrombi extension was assessed by modified Marder score. At the end of the follow-up period, patients were assessed with Villalta and venous clinical severity scores. Post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) was diagnosed in those who had ≥5 Villalta score. Results: Sixty patients were randomized to the control and experimental groups (n=30 in each group). There were 40 men and 20 women with mean age of 56.3±13.4. Clinically unprovoked DVT was recognized in 65% of cases and left side localization in 45%. The median of Marder baseline scores were 15.0±4.8 and 11.1±4.3 in the experimental and control groups, respectively (p=0.002). After six months of treatment, the Marder score decreased to 0.8±1.6 and 2.8±3.5 in the main control groups, respectively (p=0.006). The generalized linear model repeated measures found a greater reduction in the Marder score (р <0.0001) and increased speed of recanalization on SFV (р <0.0001) with a non-significant tendency in the CFV (p=0.130) and PV (p=0.204) in the experimental group compared to the control one. Full recanalization of the PV at six months was observed in 24 patients (80%), who had received Diosmin/Hesperidin, and only in 17 persons (57%) of the control group (p=0.047). The median of Villalta score in the group treated with Diosmin/Hesperidin was significantly lower compared to the control one (2.9±2.7 versus 5.8±3.0 [p <0.0001]). The same difference was found for VCSS score (2.3±1.9 versus 4.9±1.9 [p <0001]). According to the Villalta score, PTS was recognized in six patients (20%) and 17 patients (57%) in the experimental and control groups, respectively (p=0.004). Conclusion: Long-term treatment with Diosmin/Hesperidin can increase the speed of deep vein recanalization and reduce the incidence of PTS diagnosed at six months in patients with proximal DVT treated with oral rivaroxaban. Disclosures Lobastov: Bayer: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Servier: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau. Schastlivtsev:Bayer: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Servier: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau. Barinov:Bayer: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Servier: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau.


2019 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 08022
Author(s):  
Artem Amirkhanov ◽  
Sergio Ballestrero ◽  
Franco Brasolin ◽  
Haydn du Plessis ◽  
Christopher Jon Lee ◽  
...  

The online farm of the ATLAS experiment at the LHC, consisting of nearly 4000 PCs with various characteristics, provides configuration and control of the detector and performs the collection, processing, selection, and conveyance of event data from the front-end electronics to mass storage. Different aspects of the farm management are already accessible via several tools. The status and health of each node are monitored by a system based on Icinga 2 and Ganglia. PuppetDB gathers centrally all the status information from Puppet, the configuration management tool used to ensure configuration consistency of every node. The in-house Configuration Database (ConfDB) controls DHCP and PXE, while also integrating external information sources. In these proceedings we present our roadmap for integrating these and other data sources and systems, and building a higher level of abstraction on top of this foundation. An automation and orchestration tool will be able to use these systems and replace lengthy manual procedures, some of which also require interactions with other systems and teams, e.g. for the repair of a faulty node. Finally, an inventory and tracking system will complement the available data sources, keep track of node history, and improve the evaluation of long-term lifecycle management and purchase strategies.


2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Sohl ◽  
Magnus Wennerhag

I det här numret av Sociologisk Forskning presenterar vi sex stycken forskningsartiklar. I artikeln ”Commitment and control. Teamwork as management tool in a welfare state bureaucracy” visar Kerstin Jacobsson och Katarina Hollertz hur teamwork fungerar som en subtil styrmekanism inom offentlig sektor. Artikeln utgår från en omfattande etnografisk studie av verksamheten vid Försäkringskassans lokalkontor och belyser hur normativ kontroll sprider sig i organisationen genom teamwork. I individuella intervjuer uttryckte däremot vissa handläggare en oro för att betraktas som för strikta. Författarna uppmärksammar det faktum att ingen kritik framfördes i de kollektiva arbetsprocesserna, vilket visar på en stark normativ kontroll inom verksamheten. I artikeln ”#Metoo. En kamp för socialt erkännande och rättvisa” gör Emma Engdahl, Maria Nyman och Hans Ekbrand en innehållsanalys av vittnesmål från 65 svenska #metoo-upprop. I vittnesmålen framkommer, menar författarna, fyra typer av social missaktning: fysiska och psykiska övergrepp, förnedring eller kränkning, rättsberövande och epistemisk orättvisa. I artikeln diskuteras sexuella trakasserier som ”manlig samhandling”, det vill säga att en man agerar inför en publik som ger bifall till förövaren. Författarna konstaterar att ”#Metoo-rörelsen lyckades skapa ett retoriskt rum där vittnesmål om denna typ av förnedringar eller kränkningar trots detta kunde uttryckas och bli förstådda”. Torbjörn Bildtgård, Marianne Winqvist och Peter Öberg utgår i artikeln ”The dyad is not enough. Third-party mediation as a precondition for cohesion in long-term step relationships” från retrospektiva livsloppsintervjer med äldre föräldrar som uppfostrat både biologiska barn och styvbarn. En av deras slutsatser är att forskningen om mellangenerationella relationer i åldrande styvfamiljer bör ta hänsyn till den särskilda roll som en ”tredje part” ofta spelar för hur dessa relationer utvecklas över tid.   Simon Härnbro, Marcus Herz och Magnus Dahlstedt analyserar i artikeln ”Social tjänst till salu. Om socialt arbete i upphandlingens tid” hur socialarbetare som utför upphandlade tjänster beskriver sitt arbete. Författarna visar att socialarbetarna ”beskriver både sig själva och klienterna som passiva i relation till upphandlingens logik”. En slutsats i artikeln är att upphandlingarna skapar ”en hierarki av olika former av socialt arbete”, där det kortsiktiga, specialiserade och avgränsade sociala arbetet är det som görs möjligt genom upphandlingarna, medan annat socialt arbete tenderar att ges lägre prioritet. Artikeln ”Dokumentationens roll för klientskapande processer i äldreinriktat socialt arbete. Spelar utlandsfödd bakgrund, kön och ålder någon roll?” av Anna Olaison, Maricel Knechtel, Sandra Torres och Emilia Forssell utgår från en analys av socialtjänstens akter. I texten diskuteras den betydelse bakgrund (inrikes eller utrikes född), kön och ålder har för både hur biståndshandläggare motiverar sina beslut och hur insatstyper fördelas till äldre personer. Författarna konstaterar: ”Det reser oundvikligen frågan om utrikesfödda och män i större utsträckning än inrikes födda och kvinnor får förlita sig på anhörigas informella insatser för att få sina omsorgsbehov tillgodosedda”. I artikeln ”Transnationalism, integration och etnisk organisering. En studie av svenska etniska organisationer i ljuset av civilsamhällets omvandling” uppmärksammar Olle Frödin och Axel Fredholm frågan om vilken roll transnationella aktiviteter spelar för dagens civilsamhälle. Analysen utgår från en totalundersökning av 52 riksförbund som fått bidrag från Myndigheten för ungdoms- och civilsamhällesfrågor (MUCF). Författarna menar att det går att det bland de etniska organisationerna i Sverige går att se en rad olika uttryck för en politisk transnationalisering som många gånger varierar beroende på migrantgruppernas förhållande till staten i ursprungslandet.   I numret finns även tre recensioner av fyra aktuella böcker. Håkan Thörn tar upp två nyutkomna böcker i sin recension: Sven-Axel Månssons och Svante Lundbergs Den politiska generationen. Kontinuitet och förändring 1968–2018 (2021) samt Kjell Östbergs Folk i rörelse. Vår demokratis historia (2021). Thörn lyfter fram att Kjell Östbergs bok ger en ”imponerande överblick” av den tidigare forskning som bedrivits ”om sociala rörelsers betydelse för det moderna svenska samhällsbygget”. Han menar att boken är starkast i skildrandet av ”mobiliseringen före rösträttsreformen”, medan den del som berör tiden efter 1945 är svagare. Sven-Axel Månssons och Svante Lundbergs bok beskriver Thörn som ”relativt unik” inom forskningen om sociala rörelser, eftersom den bygger på återkommande intervjuer med aktivister under en lång tidsperiod. Thörn menar att det blir tydligt att ”68-revolten faktiskt var paradigmatisk för den aktivism som följde under de följande fem decennierna” men ställer sig samtidigt frågande till varför författarna inte ägnar ”det dynamiska mötet mellan den politiska och kulturella revolten” större utrymme. Tomas Berglund beskriver antologin Klass i Sverige. Ojämlikheten, makten och politiken i det 21:a århundradet (2021) – med Daniel Suhonen, Göran Therborn och Jesper Weithz som redaktörer – som en ”imponerande kraftsamling” som kastar ljus på olika aspekter av klass och ojämlikhet. Berglund saknar emellertid begreppet exploatering i boken, det vill säga en diskussion om ”det överutnyttjande av kroppar, själar och livsmiljöer som präglar dagens kapitalistiska produktion”, något som redan Marx menade gav utrymme för såväl kamp som politik. Charlotta Holmström skriver i sin recension av Lena Gunnarssons Samtyckesdynamiker. Sex, våldtäkt och gråzonen däremellan (2020) att ”frågan om samtycke kan framstå som enkel och tydlig i den politiska debatten och i diskussionerna om lagstiftning” men att forskningen om samtycke och samtyckeskultur är mer komplex än så. Hon beskriver Lena Gunnarssons ansats som ”ambitiös” och menar att studiens styrka är ”rikedomen i det empiriska materialet” som studiens styrka men menar samtidigt att analyserna ibland inte är stringenta nog.   Vi vill även uppmana er att sända oss era artikelmanus, forskningsnotiser, förslag på recensioner och gärna idéer för framtida temanummer. Sociologisk Forskning publicerar bidrag på svenska och övriga skandinaviska språk samt på engelska. Sociologisk Forskning tillämpar anonymiserad kollegial granskning (double blind peer review) och alla artiklar publiceras med omedelbar öppen tillgång (open access) på tidskriftens hemsida.   Lena Sohl och Magnus Wennerhag Redaktörer för Sociologisk Forskning


2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 102-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Moutinho ◽  
P.A. Phillips

The banking distribution system is going through a rapid process of change. This research study focuses on the analysis of the perceptions, of 58 bank branch managers selected from 14 branches belonging to two major Scottish banks, of the impact of a variety of planning practices on competitiveness, overall performance, strategic planning effectiveness and marketing effectiveness. The gathered data were then subjected to a number of learning iterations as part of a specifically designed neural network topology. Major findings derived from the study revealed that: bank branch effectiveness is affected by effective management practices; the overall performance of the branch depends highly on both long term thinking and innovation; long‐term thinking seems to have also a high degree of impact on strategic planning effectiveness; and finally, the degree of precision attached to planning, programming, budgeting and control seems to trigger high levels of marketing effectiveness.


1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (9) ◽  
pp. 1791-1794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Borowski

An experiment carried out under laboratory conditions addressed the influence exerted by the odour of a stoat, Mustela erminea Linnaeus, 1758, on the feeding behaviour of a root vole, Microtus oeconomus Pallas, 1776. Specifically, the impact of the odour on the chewing of rowan (Sorbus aucuparia) shoots and consumption of food pellets by voles that were not sexually active was observed over a 14-day period. The floors of cages with individuals from the experimental group were sprinkled daily with a distilled-water rinse from a glass clamber in which a stoat had been confined, while cages holding control individuals were sprinkled with distilled water only. The uptake of food was monitored daily by checking the degree to which shoots had been chewed, as well as the amount of food pellets consumed. Stoat odour caused a significant reduction in chewing of the shoots but did not affect the amount of food pellets eaten. There was no significant influence of the scent on body mass, which suggests that the assimilation of food was probably the same for voles in the experimental and control groups. Long-term exposure to stoat scent was not associated with changes in food consumption over time, which suggests that the voles had not become habituated to the presence of the odour over the 2-week period. It would therefore seem that the stoat scent affected the specific feeding behaviour of the voles rather than their overall consumption level.


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