scholarly journals Use of DiazaCon™ as a reproductive inhibitor for monk parakeets (Myiopsitta monachus)

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christi A. Yoder ◽  
Michael L. Avery ◽  
Kandy L. Keacher ◽  
Eric A. Tillman
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Dose ◽  
Monk Parakeet ◽  
Myiopsitta Monachus ◽  
Feral Populations ◽  
Dose Levels ◽  
To Receive

Feral monk parakeet (Myiopsitta monachus) populations have become established in the United States and other countries around the world, and can cause damage to electrical facilities. Because the monk parakeet is a highly visible species and there is often public opposition to lethal control measures, non-lethal methods, such as contraception, are being developed to help control the spread of feral populations. Two gavage studies and one ad libitum nesting study were conducted to assess the efficacy of DiazaCon™ as a potential contraceptive for the monk parakeet. The first gavage study compared daily dose levels of 0, 50, 75, and 100 mg DiazaCon™ (kg bodyweight)–1 administered for 10 consecutive days. Cholesterol concentrations decreased significantly concomitant with a significant increase in desmosterol concentrations in the treated groups, but did not vary between sexes. Cholesterol and desmosterol concentrations did not differ significantly among DiazaCon™ groups, and cholesterol remained significantly suppressed 12 weeks after treatment. On the basis of these results, the second gavage study compared 5 or 10 consecutive days of DiazaCon™ administration at 50 mg kg–1 bird–1 day–1. Cholesterol concentrations decreased significantly concomitant with a significant increase in desmosterol concentrations in the treated groups, but did not vary between sexes. Cholesterol and desmosterol concentrations did not differ significantly between DiazaCon™ groups, and cholesterol remained significantly suppressed 11 weeks after treatment. Parakeets in the nesting study were fed hulled sunflower seeds treated with a target dose of 50 mg DiazaCon™ kg–1 bird–1 day–1. Birds consumed enough to receive an average dose of 34 mg kg–1 pair–1 day–1, or 17 mg kg–1 bird–1 day–1. Birds in the treated group laid an average of 1.6 ± 0.7 eggs per clutch compared with 3.9 ± 1.1 eggs per clutch in the untreated control group. None of the eggs laid by treated birds hatched compared with 1.1 ± 0.6 eggs per clutch hatching in the control group. Reproductive inhibition was effective for the length of the breeding season, at which time the study was stopped and no more data were collected. DiazaCon™ is a promising avian oral contraceptive that should be further investigated in a field setting with monk parakeets.

scholarly journals Aspirin-Persantin Prophylaxis in Elective total hip Replacement

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J. Silvergleid ◽  
R. Bernstein ◽  
D.S. Burton ◽  
J.B. Tanner ◽  
J.F. Silverman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Hip Replacement ◽  
Hip Replacement ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Total Hip ◽  
Blind Area ◽  
Effective Prophylaxis ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
To Receive

A prospective, double-blind clinical study was performed to evaluate the combination of dipyridamole(Persantin)225 mg/day and acetyl salicyclic acid (ASA) 1 g/day prophylaxis of post-operative venous thromboembolism in elective total hip replacement. Patients were stratified according to age, and randomly assigned to receive drug or placebo. All patients were followed with 125I-labelledfibrinogen scanning for one week post-operatively, or until fully mobile. Venography was performed in 67/129 patients; in 27 patients the venogram was obtained to confirm a positive fibrinogen scan, in 40 patients an elective venogram was obtained on the 7th post-operative day to evaluate the operated thigh (a blind area for scanning). Thrombosis (by scan or venogram) was found in 16/66(24%) in the control group, and in 21/63(33%) in the treated group. Overall incidence was 37/129 (29%). Correlation of scan with venography was 90%. There were no clinically significant pulmonary emboli in either group. We conclude that the combination of ASA and dipridamole as given in this study is not effective prophylaxis in elective total hip replacement.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Mesoglycan in Pain Control after Excisional Hemorrhoidectomy: A Pilot Comparative Prospective Multicenter Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaetano Gallo ◽  
Massimiliano Mistrangelo ◽  
Roberto Passera ◽  
Valentina Testa ◽  
Mauro Pozzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Pain ◽  
Multicenter Study ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Postoperative Bleeding ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Tablet ◽  
Postoperative Thrombosis ◽  
Pain Symptoms ◽  
To Receive

Introduction. Various pain management strategies for patients undergoing open excisional hemorrhoidectomy have been proposed, yet postoperative pain remains a frequent complaint. Objective. To determine whether mesoglycan (30 mg two vials i.m. once/day for the first 5 days postoperative, followed by 50 mg 1 oral tablet twice/day for 30 days) would reduce the edema of the mucocutaneous bridges and thus improve postoperative pain symptoms. Patients and Methods. For this prospective observational multicenter study, 101 patients undergoing excisional diathermy hemorrhoidectomy for III-IV degree hemorrhoidal disease were enrolled at 5 colorectal referral centers. Patients were assigned to receive either mesoglycan (study group SG) or a recommended oral dose of ketorolac tromethamine of 10 mg every 4–6 hours, not exceeding 40 mg per day and not exceeding 5 postoperative days according to the indications for short-term management of moderate/severe acute postoperative pain, plus stool softeners (control group CG). Results. Postoperative thrombosis (SG 1/48 versus CG 5/45) (p<0.001) and pain after rectal examination (p<0.001) were significantly reduced at 7–10 days after surgery in the mesoglycan-treated group, permitting a faster return to work (p<0.001); however, in the same group, the incidence of postoperative bleeding, considered relevant when needing a readmission or an unexpected outpatient visit, was higher, possibly owing to the drug’s antithrombotic properties. Conclusions. The administration of mesoglycan after an open diathermy excisional hemorrhoidectomy can reduce postoperative thrombosis and pain at 7–10 days after surgery, permitting a faster return to normal activities.

Ursodeoxycholic acid for the prevention of hepatic complications in allogeneic stem cell transplantation

Blood ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 1977-1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tapani Ruutu ◽  
Britta Eriksson ◽  
Kari Remes ◽  
Eeva Juvonen ◽  
Liisa Volin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Transplantation ◽  
Ursodeoxycholic Acid ◽  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation ◽  
Acute Gvhd ◽  
Chronic Gvhd ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
To Receive

Abstract The role of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in the prevention of hepatic complications after allogeneic stem cell transplantation was studied in a prospective randomized open-label multicenter trial. A total of 242 patients were allocated to receive (n = 123) or not to receive (n = 119) UDCA in the dose of 12 mg/kg/d orally from the day preceding the conditioning until day 90 after transplantation. In the UDCA-treated group a significantly smaller proportion of patients developed a serum bilirubin level exceeding 50 μM (18 of 123 versus 31 of 119, P = .04), and similarly a smaller proportion of patients exceeded the alanine aminotransferase level of 100 U/L. There was no difference in the incidence of veno-occlusive disease of the liver. Compared to the control group, in the UDCA-treated group there was a nonsignificant trend toward a lower overall incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and a significantly lower incidence of grade III to IV acute GVHD (5 of 123 versus 17 of 119,P = .01), stage II to IV liver and intestinal GVHD, and stage III to IV skin GVHD. There was no difference in the incidence of chronic GVHD or in the relapse rate. Among the patients given UDCA, the survival at 1 year was significantly better, 71% versus 55% (P = .02), and the nonrelapse mortality rate was lower, 19% versus 34% (P = .01), than in the control group. There were significantly more deaths in GVHD in the control group. In conclusion, UDCA administration reduced hepatic problems and severe acute GVHD and improved survival. These results suggest a role for UDCA in the prevention of transplant-related complications in allogeneic transplantation.

scholarly journals Interaction OF Dithane M-45 (MANCOZEB) and Lead Acetate during a teratogenicity test In rats

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Kárpáti ◽  
I. Takács ◽  
L. Várnagy ◽  
P. Budai ◽  
E. Molnár
Keyword(s):  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Teratogenic Effect ◽  
Fetal Mortality ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Teratogenic Effects ◽  
Combined Administration ◽  
Group A ◽  
Dose Levels

The teratogenic effects of lead acetate (Trial 1) and the possible teratogenic effect of this compound administered in combination with a fungicide containing 80% mancozeb (Trial 2) were studied in rats. The test substances were administered by gavage on Days 6-15 of gestation. In Trial 1, five groups were treated with lead acetate administered at doses of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 10.0 and 1000.0 mg/kg body weight (bwkg), respectively. In Trial 2, lead acetate was applied at doses of 0.1, 10.0 and 1000.0 mg/bwkg, respectively. In the latter case the dose of the pesticide was 750 mg/bwkg in all treated groups. Lead acetate was not teratogenic after a single administration. Combined administration of lead acetate and mancozeb gave rise to the following toxic effects: average maternal weight decreased during pregnancy, the ratio of live fetuses decreased after the two lowest doses, and fetal mortality increased in the lowest and in the highest dose groups. The ratio of fetal resorption was higher in all the treated groups than in the control group. A significant decrease occurred in average fetal and placental weight in each treated group as compared to the control. Maternal toxicity was expressed in paralysis of the hindlimbs in the two lowest dose groups. Maternal mortality was between 16.7 and 23.3% at the three dose levels. Phocomelia and hernia cerebri occurred as characteristic fetal developmental anomalies in all the treated groups. It is concluded that the joint administration of lead acetate and a mancozeb-containing fungicide can cause maternal toxicity, embryotoxicity and characteristic teratogenic effects.

scholarly journals 636. Immunogenicity, Safety and Tolerability of a Booster Dose of Clostridium difficile Vaccine and 4 Year Antibody Persistence

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S378-S378
Author(s):  
Shon A Remich ◽  
Nicholas Kitchin ◽  
Michael W Pride ◽  
Annaliesa S Anderson ◽  
Ping Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Safety Profile ◽  
Booster Dose ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Primary Vaccination ◽  
The United States ◽  
Post Dose ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Antibody Persistence ◽  
Dose Levels ◽  
To Receive

Abstract Background Clostroidides difficile (C difficile) is a common cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. To date, there is no vaccine to prevent C. difficile infection (CDI). This extension of a phase 2 study explores the immunogenicity, safety, and tolerability of a 4th dose, and antibody persistence of a three-dose regimen of a toxoid-based C difficile vaccine in 300 healthy adults 65 to 85 years of age in the United States. Methods The first stage of this study was conducted from 16 July 2015 to 7 March 2017, in which subjects were enrolled and randomized to receive one of two antigen dose levels (100µg or 200µg total toxoid A and B) or placebo, administered in one of two three-dose regimens: Days 1, 8 & 30 or Months 0, 1 & 6. Immunogenicity testing was conducted on samples obtained at each of nine study visits through 12 months post dose 3. In this extension stage, subjects who had received vaccine in the first stage were re-randomized at 12 months post dose 3 to receive either a booster dose or placebo in a 1:1 ratio. Subjects were followed for immunogenicity three (3) years post booster (four years post dose #3) Results Peak antibody response to vaccination was observed between day 8 and 30 following booster administration. Both regimens demonstrated robust anamnestic responses with peak levels above the three-dose peak (stage 1). Toxin A geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) remained above pre-booster GMCs, 3 years post booster for both dose levels and regimens. Antibody persistence for both groups demonstrated stable antibody levels four years after the primary vaccination series among subjects who did not receive a booster dose. No Grade 4 reactogenicity was reported during the study. Pain was the most common local reaction. Adverse event rates per subject were similar between both regimens and placebo. There were no Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) considered related to the investigational product at any dose or regimen. The safety profile was consistent with what was seen in the first stage of the study. Conclusion A booster dose of Clostroidides difficile vaccine candidate is highly immunogenic, well tolerated and demonstrates an acceptable safety profile in both dose groups for the Day and the Month regimens. Antibody persistence remains stable from 12 months to 4-year post dose 3. Disclosures Nicholas Kitchin, MD, Pfizer, Inc (Employee) Michael W. Pride, PhD, Pfizer (Employee, Shareholder) Annaliesa S. Anderson, PhD, Pfizer (Employee, Shareholder) Chris Webber, MD, Pfizer Inc (Employee, Shareholder)

scholarly journals Using random assignment to measure court accessibility for low-income divorce seekers

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (14) ◽  
pp. e2009086118
Author(s):  
D. James Greiner ◽  
Ellen Lee Degnan ◽  
Thomas Ferriss ◽  
Roseanna Sommers
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Random Assignment ◽  
Legal Process ◽  
Court Records ◽  
The Us ◽  
Pro Bono ◽  
Us Constitution ◽  
To Receive

We conducted a field experiment in which 311 low-income individuals seeking a divorce were randomly assigned to receive access to a pro bono lawyer (versus minimal help) to assist with filing for divorce. Examining court records, we found that assignment to an attorney made a large difference in whether participants filed for and obtained a divorce. Three years after randomization, 46% of the treated group had terminated their marriages in the proper legal venue, compared to 9% of the control group. Among “compliers”—participants who obtained representation only if assigned to receive it—those with lawyers were far more likely to file for and obtain a divorce than those not assigned lawyers. Because divorce implicates fundamental constitutional interests and can be effectuated only by resort to the courts, the US Constitution requires that dissolution of marriage be made achievable regardless of ability to pay. Yet, we observed few low-income individuals who were able to initiate divorce suits on their own. Through interviews and archival research, we identified barriers that low-income litigants faced in navigating the divorce system, including mandatory wait times, limited hours at important facilities, and burdensome paperwork sometimes requiring access to photocopiers and typewriters. This study therefore documents a salient instance in which a civil legal process was inaccessible to those without lawyers, even though their legal issues were straightforward, involving few if any matters for courts to adjudicate.

scholarly journals Efficacy of a novel topical combination of esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel against Echinococcus multilocularis infections in cats

Parasite ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Joe Prullage ◽  
Dwight Bowman ◽  
Michael Ulrich ◽  
Eric Tielemans
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Multilocularis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Geometric Means ◽  
Placebo Control Group

NexGard® Combo, a novel topical endectoparasiticide formulation for cats combining esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel, for the treatment of internal and external parasite infestations, including arthropods, nematodes and cestodes, was tested for efficacy against induced infections of Echinococcus multilocularis in cats, in two experimental studies. The two studies were performed in the United States with the same E. multilocularis isolate sourced locally. In each study, 20 cats were inoculated intra-gastrically with ~30,000 E. multilocularis protoscoleces three weeks before treatment, then ten cats were randomly allocated to a placebo control group or to the novel formulation treated group. Inoculated cats were treated topically once at the minimum recommended dose of the novel formulation, or with an identical volume of placebo. One week after treatment, cats were humanely euthanized for parasite recovery and count. The efficacy calculation was based on comparison of number of scoleces found in the control group and the novel formulation group. In the two control groups, E. multilocularis scoleces were found in five (range: 30–1025) and eight (range 2–345) cats, the geometric means inclusive of the ten cats per group were 8.9 and 28.8, respectively. In the two novel formulation-treated groups, none of the cats harbored any E. multilocularis scoleces, demonstrating 100% efficacy.

scholarly journals Ecologic Aspects of Ectopic Populations of Monk Parakeets (Myiopsitta monachus) and Possible Agricultural Consequences

1969 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-270
Author(s):  
Michael Gochfeld
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Biological Entity ◽  
Monk Parakeet ◽  
Myiopsitta Monachus ◽  
York Metropolitan Area ◽  
Feral Populations

Ectopic populations of the monk parakeet (Myiopsitta monachus), derived from birds imported for the pet trade, now exist in Puerto Rico, the New York metropolitan area, and other localities in North America. This parakeet normally occupies southern South America where it is tolerant of a wide variety of climates, habitats and food sources. It has succeeded in breeding in the northern hemisphere. The growth potential of current populations here is unknown. A review of its feeding habits provide proof that it is a potential agricultural pest. It is most undesirable to introduce exotic species to new areas. Even when a biological entity has been studied thoroughly and appears destined to become beneficial, unforeseen detrimental consequences may occur upon its establishment in a new environment. It is thus important to study the new feral populations of the parakeet in Puerto Rico very closely if eradication is not planned, but enough evidence exists to indicate that its extermination is desirable.

11 FERTILITY RESPONSE IN SUCKLED BEEF COWS SUPPLEMENTED WITH LONG-ACTING PROGESTERONE AFTER TIMED ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Pugliesi ◽  
F. B. Santos ◽  
E. Lopes ◽  
É. Nogueira ◽  
J. R. G. Maio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Group V ◽  
Buserelin Acetate ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
To Receive

Corpus luteum (CL) and progesterone (P4) secretion are affected by preovulatory follicle (POF) size. Increased circulating P4 during early diestrus has a positive effect on embryo development in beef cattle. However, the combined effects of the POF size and P4 supplementation during early diestrus on fertility of beef cows are not known. The objective was to evaluate the effects of POF size and supplementation of long-acting P4 after timed-AI on pregnancy rates (P/AI). Suckled Nelore cows (n = 596) were evaluated twice by transrectal Doppler ultrasonography (US) 10 days apart to detect the cyclic status. In Study 1, anestrous cows (absence of CL on both exams) received an intravaginal P4 device and an oestradiol benzoate (EB) injection on Day –10 (day of the second US). Devices were removed and sodium cloprostenol [prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α)], oestradiol cypionate, and eCG were given on Day –2. Cows were timed-AI on Day 0 and assigned to receive placebo (control group, n = 187) or 150 mg of long-acting P4 on Day 4 (P4 group, n = 189). In Study 2, cyclic cows (presence of CL) received a PGF2α injection on Day –20 (first US). Cows with a new CL on Day –10 received an intravaginal P4 device and an injection of EB and were split to receive an injection of PGF2α [large follicle (LF); n = 109] or not [small follicle (SF); n = 111]. Devices were removed and PGF2α was injected on Day –2. Ovulation was induced with buserelin acetate, and cows were timed-AI on Day 0 and split to receive placebo (LF/control group, n = 55, and SF/control group, n = 55) or 150 mg of long-acting P4 on Day 4 (LF/P4 group, n = 56, and SF/P4 group, n = 54). Ultrasonographic scanning was done on Days 0, 4, and between 35 and 40 to detect the POF and CL sizes and P/AI, respectively. Data were analysed using PROC GLIMMIX (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). In anestrous cows, P/AI was reduced in POF with <11 mm. The P/AI was greater in the P4-treated group than in the control group for all cows (55.6% v. 46.0%; P = 0.05) and for ovulated cows (59%, 105/178 v. 49%, 86/173; P = 0.08). For cyclic cows, POF size (mm) on Day 0 (13.5 ± 0.3 v. 11.2 ± 0.2), ovulation rate (90% v. 77%), and CL area (cm2) on Day 4 (1.46 ± 0.05 v. 1.25 ± 0.05) were greater (P < 0.007) in the LF group than in the SF group. There was a main effect of follicle group on P/AI (54%, LF group v. 38%, SF group; P < 0.01). Moreover, P/AI were greater (P < 0.05) in the LF/control (56%) and LF/P4 (52%) groups than in the SF/control group (31%), whereas no difference was detected between the SF/P4 group (45%) and the other groups. Among cows that ovulated, P/AI was lower (P = 0.05) in the SF/control group (41%, 17/41) compared with the LF/control group (62%, 31/50) and were similar for the SF/P4 group (56%, 25/45) and LF/P4 group (57%, 28/49) compared with others. We suggest that P4-stimulated embryotrophic effects improved fertility in anestrous beef cows supplemented with long-acting P4 on Day 4 after timed-AI. Also, the presence of a functional CL during follicle growth results in smaller POF and CL and reduces the ovulatory and P/AI rates in cyclic cows. Post-AI P4 supplementation may attenuate the negative effects of small POF/CL. Research was supported by CNPq, FAPESP, Ouro Fino Agronegócio, and Innovare.

scholarly journals Efficacy of a novel topical combination of esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel against Amblyomma americanum in cats

Parasite ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe Prullage ◽  
Christine Baker ◽  
Abdelmoneim Mansour ◽  
Scott McCall ◽  
David Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Amblyomma Americanum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Tick Count ◽  
Placebo Control Group ◽  
Preventive Efficacy

Esafoxolaner, a purified enantiomer of afoxolaner with insecticidal and acaricidal properties, is combined with eprinomectin and praziquantel in NexGard® Combo, a novel topical endectoparasiticide product for cats. The efficacy of this novel formulation was assessed in two experimental studies against induced infestations with Amblyomma americanum, a tick species of major importance, highly prevalent in a large southeastern quarter of the United States. In each study, 10 cats were randomly allocated to a placebo control group and 10 cats to a novel formulation treated group. Infested cats were treated topically once at the minimum recommended dose. Both studies were designed to test curative efficacy on existing infestation, 72 h after treatment, and to test preventive efficacy, 72 h after subsequent weekly (Study #1) or fortnightly (Study #2) infestations for one month. For each infestation, all cats were infested with 50 unfed adult A. americanum. At each tick count, in both studies, at least 8 in 10 placebo control cats were infested with 13 (26%) or more live ticks, demonstrating adequate infestation throughout the studies. Curative efficacy of the novel formulation was 99% in both studies; preventive efficacy was 92% and 100% for at least one month.

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