High-intensity deer culling increases growth of mountain beech seedlings in New Zealand

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean W. Husheer ◽  
Alastair W. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Faecal Pellet ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Deer Management ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Medium Intensity ◽  
Beech Seedling ◽  
Forest Parks

Browsing of mountain beech seedlings by introduced deer in the central North Island of New Zealand appears to have inhibited canopy regeneration over large areas. In 1998, a trial of high-, medium- and low-intensity deer-culling treatments was initiated in Kaimanawa and Kaweka Forest Parks to test whether mountain beech (Nothofagus solandri var. cliffortioides) forest regeneration could be restored by removing deer. Paired exclosure plots (one plot fenced to exclude deer and the other unfenced) were established within a high-intensity culling area, to monitor the benefits of recreational, commercial and aerial deer culling. Paired plots were also established within low- and medium-intensity culling areas. Medium-intensity culling was allowed through recreational and commercial deer culling. In two low-intensity culling treatment areas, deer management remained substantially unaltered. Annual relative growth rates of tagged seedlings from spring 1998 to spring 2001 from low-, medium- and high-intensity culling areas provide strong evidence that mountain beech seedling growth increases once browsing by deer is removed through fencing. Faecal pellet data indicated that high-intensity deer culling reduced deer abundance by 67% in comparison to medium- and low-intensity culling areas. This apparent reduction in deer abundance appears to have led to a doubling in mountain beech seedling growth in the high-intensity culling area outside fences, in comparison to low- and medium-intensity deer culling areas where there was little or no evidence of benefits for seedling growth.

The Relationships Between External and Internal Workloads During Basketball Training and Games

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1081-1086
Author(s):  
Jordan L. Fox ◽  
Cody J. O’Grady ◽  
Aaron T. Scanlan
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Movement Analysis ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Large Games ◽  
Workload Management ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Medium Intensity ◽  
Selection Of

Purpose: To investigate the relationships between external and internal workloads using a comprehensive selection of variables during basketball training and games. Methods: Eight semiprofessional, male basketball players were monitored during training and games for an entire season. External workload was determined as PlayerLoad™: total and high-intensity accelerations, decelerations, changes of direction, and jumps and total low-intensity, medium-intensity, high-intensity, and overall inertial movement analysis events. Internal workload was determined using the summated-heart-rate zones and session rating of perceived exertion models. The relationships between external and internal workload variables were separately calculated for training and games using repeated-measures correlations with 95% confidence intervals. Results: PlayerLoad was more strongly related to summated-heart-rate zones (r = .88 ± .03, very large [training]; r = .69 ± .09, large [games]) and session rating of perceived exertion (r = .74 ± .06, very large [training]; r = .53 ± .12, large [games]) than other external workload variables (P < .05). Correlations between total and high-intensity accelerations, decelerations, changes of direction, and jumps and total low-intensity, medium-intensity, high-intensity, and overall inertial movement analysis events and internal workloads were stronger during training (r = .44–.88) than during games (r = .15–.69). Conclusions: PlayerLoad and summated-heart-rate zones possess the strongest dose–response relationship among a comprehensive selection of external and internal workload variables in basketball, particularly during training sessions compared with games. Basketball practitioners may therefore be able to best anticipate player responses when prescribing training drills using these variables for optimal workload management across the season.

Relationships Between External- and Internal-Workload Variables in an Elite Female Netball Team and Between Playing Positions

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 841-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marni J. Simpson ◽  
David G. Jenkins ◽  
Aaron T. Scanlan ◽  
Vincent G. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Forward Direction ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Medium Intensity ◽  
Movement Unit

Purpose: To examine relationships between external- and internal-workload variables in an elite female netball team, with consideration of positional differences. Methods: Nine elite female netball athletes had their weekly workloads monitored across their preseason and competition phases of a season. Internal workload was determined using summated heart-rate (HR) zones and session ratings of perceived exertion (sRPE), whereas external workload was determined using inertial movement units and included absolute PlayerLoad (PL), relative PL (PL per minute), accelerations (ACCEL), decelerations (DECEL), jumps, changes of direction (COD), high-intensity events, medium-intensity events, low-intensity events, PL in the forward direction, PL in the sideways direction, and PL in the vertical direction. Relationships between external- and internal-workload variables in the team and relative to playing position were examined. Results: Across the team, the strongest external workloads that correlated with summated HR zones were PL (r = .65), COD (r = .64), ACCEL (r = .61), and DECEL (r = .61). The strongest external workloads that correlated with sRPE were COD (r = .79), followed by jumps (r = .76), ACCEL (r = .75), and DECEL (r = .75). For all positions, except-goal shooter, the strongest correlation was between PL and sRPE (r = .88–.94). In the goal-shooter position, the strongest correlation was between summated HR zones and DECEL (r = .89). Conclusions: The inertial movement unit-derived external-workload variables are strongly related to common internal-workload variables. In particular, COD and sRPE appear to provide a good monitoring combination of external and internal training loads for elite netball players.

scholarly journals Soil Element Stoichiometry Drives Bacterial Community Composition Following Thinning in A Larix Plantation in the Subalpine Regions of Northern China

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Mengke Cai ◽  
Xinhao Peng ◽  
Xiaoqin Cheng ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
Shiping Xing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Soil Resource ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Medium Intensity ◽  
Elemental Stoichiometry ◽  
Tree Removal ◽  
Bacterial Groups

It is well established that forest thinning alters aboveground plant community composition and soil resource availability. However, how it regulates the composition and diversity of belowground microbial communities remains unclear. To quantify the effects of thinning on soil bacterial groups and the underlying mechanisms of these effects, this research was conducted in a Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr. plantation with various thinning intensities, including a control (0% tree removal), a low-intensity treatment (15% tree removal), a medium-intensity treatment (35% tree removal), and a high-intensity treatment (50% tree removal). Compared to the control, the medium and high intensity thinning treatments significantly improved soil moisture, nutrient concentrations (including soil total carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and ammonium nitrogen), microbial biomass, and elemental stoichiometry ratios. The abundance and diversity of bacterial communities peaked in the medium-intensity treatment. Thinning also had strong effects on dominant bacterial groups at the phylum level. For instance, Bacteroidetes and Nitrospirae were significantly increased in the medium-intensity treatment (MIT), while the Gemmatimonadetes were significantly decreased in the low-intensity treatment (LIT). Combining Spearman correlation analysis and redundancy analysis demonstrated that thinning could facilitate the assembly of unique bacterial communities, and these shifts in microorganisms could probably be attributed to corresponding changes in soil resource stoichiometry. In conclusion, this study provides novel evidence that rational thinning could promote belowground bacterial community diversity and that elemental stoichiometry is an important indicator in shaping forest soil bacterial communities.

Appropriate Resistance Intensity and Effective Exercise for Activation of Infraspinatus

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (09) ◽  
pp. 569-575
Author(s):  
Il-Young Yu ◽  
Se-Il Oh ◽  
Won-Jeong Jung ◽  
Jaeseop Oh
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Surface Electromyography ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Activity Ratio ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Deltoid Muscle ◽  
Selective Activation ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Medium Intensity ◽  
Healthy Males

AbstractWe investigated the muscle activities of the infraspinatus and posterior deltoid, as well as the ratio of the infraspinatus to posterior deltoid muscle activities, in response to 3 resistance intensities during prone external rotation (PER) and sitting external rotation (SITER) exercises. Fifteen healthy males participated; the subjects performed two exercises randomly at three resistance intensity levels: 1) low intensity (10–20%); 2) medium intensity (45–55%); 3) high intensity (60–70%). Surface electromyography was used to measure the activities of the infraspinatus and posterior deltoid muscles. The activities of the infraspinatus and posterior deltoid increased significantly as the resistance intensity increased during both PER and SITER exercises (p<0.001). The infraspinatus-to-posterior deltoid activity ratio increased as the resistance intensity decreased. Whereas the muscle activity ratio was highest under low and medium intensity during PER and SITER, respectively, and the muscle activity ratio was significantly increased at medium intensity compared with high intensity during both PER (p=0.023) and SITER (p=0.001). Our results suggest that low to medium intensity is the appropriate resistance intensity for selective activation of the infraspinatus. In addition, our results suggest that PER and SITER are effective for strengthening the infraspinatus.

Positional Differences in Match Running Performance and Physical Collisions in Men Rugby Sevens

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 316-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Suarez-Arrones ◽  
Carlos Arenas ◽  
Guillermo López ◽  
Bernardo Requena ◽  
Oliver Terrill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Substantial Decrease ◽  
Gps Technology ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
Medium Intensity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fitness Training

Purpose:This study describes the physical match demands relative to positional group in male rugby sevens.Methods:Ten highly trained players were investigated during competitive matches (N = 23) using GPS technology, heart rate (HR), and video recording.Results:The relative distance covered by the players throughout the match was 102.3 ± 9.8 m/min. As a percentage of total distance, 35.8% (36.6 ± 5.9 m/min) was covered walking, 26.0% (26.6 ± 5.5 m/min) jogging, 10.0% (10.2 ± 2.4 m/min) running at low intensity, 14.2% (14.5 ± 4.0 m/min) at medium intensity, 4.6% (4.7 ± 1.6 m/min) at high intensity, and 9.5% (9.7 ± 3.7 m/min) sprinting. For the backs, a substantial decrease in total distance and distance covered at low, medium, and high intensity was observed in the second half. Forwards exhibited a substantial decrease in the distance covered at medium intensity, high intensity, and sprinting in the 2nd half. Backs covered substantially more total distance at medium and sprinting speeds than forwards. In addition, the maximum length of sprint runs was substantially greater for the backs than forwards. On the contrary, forwards performed more tackles. The mean HR during the match in backs and forwards was similar, with the exception of time spent at HR intensities >90%HRmax, which was substantially higher in forwards.Conclusion:These findings provide a description of the different physical demands placed on rugby sevens backs and forwards. This information may be helpful in the development of positional and/or individualized physical-fitness training programs.

scholarly journals Herbivory and plant competition reduce mountain beech seedling growth and establishment in New Zealand

Plant Ecology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 183 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean W. Husheer ◽  
Alastair W. Robertson ◽  
David A. Coomes ◽  
Chris M. Frampton
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Plant Competition ◽  
Beech Seedling

Inhibition rather than Enhancement of Hemostatic System Activation during Initiation of Oral Anticoagulant Treatment

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (04) ◽  
pp. 685-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A Kyrle ◽  
Johannes Brockmeier ◽  
Ansgar Weltermann ◽  
Sabine Eichinger ◽  
Wolfgang Speiser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Oral Anticoagulant ◽  
Protein C ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Oral Anticoagulant Treatment ◽  
Shed Blood ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Hemostatic System ◽  
System Activation

SummaryCoumarin-induced skin necrosis is believed to be due to a transient hypercoagulable state resulting from a more rapid decline of the protein C activity relative to that of coagulation factors (F) II, IX and X during initiation of oral anticoagulant therapy. We studied hemostatic system activation during early oral anticoagulant treatment with a technique that investigates coagulation activation in the microcirculation.We determined in 10 healthy volunteers the concentrations of prothrombin fragment F1+2 (f1.2) and thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT) in blood emerging from an injury of the microvasculature (bleeding time incision) before and after initiation of both high-inten- sity and low-intensity coumarin therapy. In addition, f1.2, TAT, activated F VII (F Vila) and the activities of FII, F VII, F X and protein C were measured in venous blood.A rapid decline of F VII and protein C was observed in venous blood with activities at 24 h of 7 ± 1% and 43 ± 2%, respectively, during the high-intensity regimen. A 20 to 30% reduction of f1.2 and TAT was seen in venous blood at 72 h with no major difference between the high- and the low-intensity regimen. F Vila levels were substantially affected by anticoagulation with a >90% reduction at 48 h during the high-intensity regimen. Following high-intensity coumarin, a >50% decrease in the fl.2 and TAT levels was found in shed blood at 48 h suggesting substantial inhibition of thrombin generation during early oral anticoagulation. An increase in the f1.2 and TAT levels was seen neither in shed blood nor in venous blood.Our data do not support the concept of a transient imbalance between generation and inhibition of thrombin as the underlying pathomechanism of coumarin-induced skin nekrosis.

Contralateral training effects of low-intensity blood-flow restricted and high-intensity unilateral resistance training

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goncalo V. Mendonca ◽  
Carolina Vila-Chã ◽  
Carolina Teodósio ◽  
André D. Goncalves ◽  
Sandro R. Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Training Effects ◽  
Low Intensity

scholarly journals Comparison of two different models of rehabilitation programs following total knee replacement operations

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabab S. Zaghlol ◽  
Sahar S. Khalil ◽  
Ahmed M. Attia ◽  
Ghada A. Dawa
Keyword(s):  
Total Knee Replacement ◽  
Knee Replacement ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Total Knee ◽  
Functional Gain

Abstract Background Total knee replacement operation (TKR) is the treatment of choice in severe knee osteoarthritis (OA). Rehabilitation post-TKR is still not well studied. The aim of this study was to compare between the high-intensity (HI) rehabilitation program and the low-intensity (LI) rehabilitation program following TKR. Results At 1 month following the TKR operations, significant improvements were found in the first group compared to the second group in all the measured parameters except for the knee range of motion (ROM). At 3 and 12 months follow-up periods, there were statistically significant differences between both groups in all the evaluated parameters except for the numeric pain rating scale and the knee ROM. Conclusions Both high-intensity and low-intensity rehabilitation programs are effective; however, HI program had superior functional gain and patient-reported outcomes compared to the LI program. Moreover, HI group has a long-term functional gain.

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