Betula glandulosa Michx. Response to burning and postfire growth temperature and implications of climate change

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. de Groot ◽  
Ross W. Wein
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Growth Temperature ◽  
Fire Ecology ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Separate Analysis ◽  
Individual Site ◽  
Betula Glandulosa ◽  
Growing Conditions

Plants collected from eight fire-prone sites in western and northern Canada were tested in a greenhouse experiment for response to low fire severity and growing temperatures of 14-24˚C. The combined data showed that burning interacted with growth temperature during the first 42 days after treatment to significantly reduce sprout height at low temperatures and increase sprout height at the highest temperature. Burning significantly increased sprout height growth at all temperature treatments after 84 days although this effect was most apparent at the highest growth temperature. Burning significantly reduced sprout production after 42 days and had no significant influence on sprout production or aboveground biomass production after 84 days. Separate analysis of individual site data showed two populations with significant fire-stimulated sprout height growth and two other populations with similar, but slightly less significant response. The populations showed no geographic or topographic trend in fire response. The warmer growing conditions of postfire microsites appear to provide this shade intolerant plant with a competitive advantage over other invading pioneer and resprouting species by enhancing fire-stimulated height growth response. Due to its fire ecology, Betula glandulosa populations are expected to expand and thrive in this region under future climate change conditions.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the production process of potato in a changing climate in the Eastern and Western forest-steppe

2017 ◽  
pp. 120-127
Author(s):  
S.M. Svyderska
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Perennial Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Photosynthetic Productivity ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
The Impact

An important element of climate change is to assess changes in agro-climatic growing conditions of crops and the impact of these changes on their performance. Agriculture is the most vulnerable sector of  Ukraine's economy to fluctuations and climate change. Given the inertial nature of agriculture and the dependence of the efficiency on the weather, now need to make timely and adequate solutions to complex problems caused by climate change. Due to the expected increase in air temperature of the Northern Hemisphere food security Ukraine will largely depend on how effectively adapting agriculture to future climate change. This includes advance assessment of the impact of the expected climate change on agro-climatic conditions for growing crops. Potatoes - perennial, herbaceous, plant, but in nature is treated as an annual plant, so that the life cycle, beginning with germination and ending with the formation of bubbles and the formation of mature tubers, is one growing season. Potato is one of the most important crops grown and diversified use in almost all parts of our country. But the main focus areas of potatoes in Polesie and Forest-steppe. We consider the relative performance of the photosynthetic productivity of potato and agro-climatic conditions for growing potatoes for the period 1986 to 2005, and expected their changes calculated by the climate change scenarios A1B and A2 for the period 2011 to 2050 in Eastern and Western Forest-Steppe. We consider the agrometeorological and agro-climatic conditions in which there may be a maximum performance of potato.

Effects of fire severity and season of burn on Betula glandulosa growth dynamics

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 287 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. de Groot ◽  
Ross W. Wein
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
High Soil Moisture ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Betula Glandulosa

Betula glandulosa survives over a wide range of North American fire regimes by resprouting from the rhizome. Over-winter root carbohydrate reserves are important to sprout production and growth in the following spring. Nursery and field experiments were conducted to examine the effects of seasonal clipping and fire severity (lethal heat applied to different soil depths) on B. glandulosa sprouting and growth, and seasonal burning and clipping on over-winter root carbohydrate storage. Low fire severity increased sprout numbers, and low fire severity in spring caused a large increase in height growth and above-ground biomass production over a 2-year period. Mortality rates increased sharply with higher levels of fire severity. Over-winter total non-structural carbohydrate (TNC) concentrations in roots were significantly higher in plants burned immediately after leaf-flush than in mid-summer burned plants. None of the other seasonal burning or clipping treatments significantly influenced over-winter root TNC. Post-disturbance sprout growth reflected over-winter root TNC levels. B. glandulosa survives a wide range of fire frequencies by growing in plant communities that are most likely to burn in spring or autumn, and seldom burn in summer. This provides the greatest opportunity for maximum over-winter TNC storage. As well, high soil moisture after snowmelt ensures spring fires are almost always of low severity, which promotes increased sprout production, height growth and above-ground biomass.

Climatic factors influencing New Zealand pasture resilience under scenarios of future climate change

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Keller ◽  
Mark Lieffering ◽  
Jing Guo ◽  
W Troy Baisden ◽  
Anne-Gaelle Ausseil
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Fertilization Effect ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Grazing Livestock

New Zealand’s intensively managed pastoral agricultural systems are vulnerable to climate change because of their dependence on grazing livestock and pasture as the primary feed supply. Drawing from recent modelling results, annual pasture yields in New Zealand are projected to be robust to a changing climate due to more favourable growing conditions in winter and early spring and increased plant efficiencies from the CO2 fertilization effect. However, growth is also expected to become more variable and unpredictable, particularly in water-limited regions. A combination of short-term, incremental changes (already part of current practice) and longer-term strategic interventions will be necessary to maintain consistent feed supply under future climate change.

scholarly journals Fifty years of wildland fire science in Canada

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Coogan ◽  
Lori D Daniels ◽  
Dennis Boychuk ◽  
Philip J. Burton ◽  
Mike Flannigan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Canadian Journal ◽  
Fire Ecology ◽  
Fire Management ◽  
Wildland Fire ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
50Th Anniversary ◽  
Forest Research ◽  
Fire Science ◽  
Wildland Fire Management

We celebrate the 50th anniversary of the Canadian Journal of Forest Research by reflecting on the considerable progress accomplished in select areas of Canadian wildfire science over the past half century. Specifically, we discuss key developments and contributions in the creation of the Canadian Forest Fire Danger Rating System; the relationships between wildland fire and weather, climate, and climate change; fire ecology; operational decision support; and wildland fire management. We also discuss the evolution of wildland fire management in Banff National Park as a case study. We conclude by discussing some possible directions in future Canadian wildland fire research including the further evaluation of fire severity measurements and effects; the efficacy of fuel management treatments; climate change effects and mitigation; further refinement of models pertaining to fire risk analysis, fire behaviour, and fire weather; and the integration of forest management and ecological restoration with wildfire risk reduction. Throughout the paper we reference many contributions published in the Canadian Journal of Forest Research, which has been at the forefront of international wildland fire science.

What we can learn from the parallels between the COVID-19 and the future climate change crises

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubén D. Manzanedo ◽  
Peter Manning
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Substantial Portion ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
The Future ◽  
Behavioral Norm ◽  
Climate Crisis ◽  
Global Population

The ongoing COVID-19 outbreak pandemic is now a global crisis. It has caused 1.6+ million confirmed cases and 100 000+ deaths at the time of writing and triggered unprecedented preventative measures that have put a substantial portion of the global population under confinement, imposed isolation, and established ‘social distancing’ as a new global behavioral norm. The COVID-19 crisis has affected all aspects of everyday life and work, while also threatening the health of the global economy. This crisis offers also an unprecedented view of what the global climate crisis may look like. In fact, some of the parallels between the COVID-19 crisis and what we expect from the looming global climate emergency are remarkable. Reflecting upon the most challenging aspects of today’s crisis and how they compare with those expected from the climate change emergency may help us better prepare for the future.

Responses of Irish Vegetation to Future Climate Change

2006 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael B. Jones ◽  
Alison Donnelly ◽  
Fabrizio Albanito
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Future Climate Change

Future climate change and its impacts over small island states

2002 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 179-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Lal ◽  
H Harasawa ◽  
K Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Island States ◽  
Small Island States

Supplemental Material to the A&WMA 2008 Critical Review "Prospects for Future Climate Change and the Reasons for Early Action"

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Edgerton ◽  
Michael MacCracken ◽  
Meng-Dawn Cheng ◽  
Edwin Corporan ◽  
Matthew DeWitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Early Action
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