Wildfire alters belowground and surface wood decomposition on two national forests in Montana, USA

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah S. Page-Dumroese ◽  
Martin F. Jurgensen ◽  
Chris A. Miller ◽  
James B. Pickens ◽  
Joanne M. Tirocke
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Ecosystem Responses ◽  
Surface And Interface ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Bitterroot National Forest

Wildfires can drastically alter belowground processes such as organic matter (OM) decomposition. We used wood stakes of two different tree species, trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), placed at three soil locations (soil surface, forest floor–mineral soil interface, mineral soil), as an index of the long-term (5-year) effects of wildfire on OM decomposition in two forest stands after high-severity wildfire and in an unburned control. Wood stake mass loss was generally higher for aspen, especially in the mineral soil of burned plots, than in control plots after 5 years. Soil surface and interface (unburned stands only) stakes showed few significant differences for either species on the Bitterroot National Forest. On the Gallatin National Forest, both pine and aspen stakes had significantly greater mass loss at the interface (unburned stand) at the end of 5 years, and also decayed significantly faster at the 10–20-cm depth in the wildfire area. Using wood stakes as an index of soil microsite properties in burned and unburned plots, we show that fire increased both OM decomposition and mineral soil microsite variability. These results strengthen our understanding of soil-surface and belowground ecosystem responses to wildfire.

The effects of vegetation control and fertilization on net nutrient release from decomposing loblolly pine needles

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 2491-2502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nevzat Gurlevik ◽  
Daniel L Kelting ◽  
H Lee Allen
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Available N ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Needle Litter ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

This study examined the effects of vegetation control and nitrogen + phosphorus fertilization on decomposition and nutrient release dynamics of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) needle litter. Needle litter was placed in litterbags and left to decompose on the forest floor, and changes in mass loss and nutrient (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Mn, Zn, B, Cu) concentrations and contents were observed at 2- to 6-month intervals for 32 months. Fertilization had no effect on mass loss, while vegetation control resulted in a warmer and drier forest floor and led to reduced mass loss (k = 0.39 and 0.28 year–1 for fertilization and vegetation control, respectively). Concentrations of N, P, Ca, S, Zn, and Cu in the decomposing litter increased two- to three-fold over the 32 months, while concentrations of K, Mg, Mn, and B declined, increased, or did not change depending on time and treatment. Based on the release dynamics, the nutrient mobility series was as follows: Cu [Formula: see text] N [Formula: see text] S < P < Zn [Formula: see text] Ca < K [Formula: see text] Mn < Mg [Formula: see text] B. Fertilization had no effect on release dynamics; however, vegetation control reduced release of N, P, S, and Zn, and increased release of B. The mineral soil may be the main source of plant available N and P in midrotation southern pine stands based on the slow release of these elements from decomposing needle litter.

scholarly journals Public Preferences for Nontimber Benefits of Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda) Stands Regenerated by Different Site Preparation Methods

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianbang Gan ◽  
Stephen H. Kolison ◽  
James H. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Public Preferences ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract This study assesses public preferences for nontimber benefits of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) stands regenerated 15 yr earlier using different site preparation treatments at national forest and industrial forestry sites. Treatments tested on the Tuskegee National Forest were none, chainsaw felling, tree injection, and soil-active herbicide. At the industrial site, experimental treatments included chopping and burning, followed by no additional treatment, woody control, herbaceous control, and total control. Both sites were planted with loblolly pine seedlings. Two user surveys employing color photography were conducted to identify the respondents' ratings of the young stands in terms of perceived nontimber benefits, including aesthetics, picnicking, hiking/walking/cycling, camping, hunting, bird watching, wildlife habitat, and biodiversity. The site preparation treatments were rated without consideration of the treatment cost and its distribution. Results indicate that the respondents preferred the minimal or no treatment options at both study sites. The respondents' preferences were significantly affected by their age, education, income, employment status, and living distance from the experimental sites, but not gender. Respondents considered wildlife habitat as the most important benefit and hunting as the least important. Most of the respondents also felt that both national forests and industrial forests should be managed for nontimber as well as timber products. South. J. Appl. For. 24(3):145-149.

scholarly journals Soil Carbon and CO2 Efflux as Influenced by the Thinning of Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda L.) Plantations on the Piedmont of Virginia

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus F. Selig ◽  
John R. Seiler ◽  
Michael C. Tyree
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Significant Variable ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Soil Fraction ◽  
Fine Soil ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
And Storage

Abstract The thinning of loblolly pine plantations has a great potential to influence the fluxes and storage of carbon within managed stands. In this study we investigated the effects of thinning on mineral soil carbon distribution and storage 14 years after the thinning of an 8-year-old loblolly pine plantation on the Piedmont of Virginia. Additionally, we examined patterns of soil CO2 efflux (Es) for 1 year after the second thinning of the same stands at age 22. The study was conducted using three replicate 0.22-ha stands planted using 3.05 × 3.05 m spacing in 1980. Soil carbon in the fine soil fraction (&lt;2 mm) was evenly dispersed throughout thinned plots, and random sampling techniques were adequate for capturing spatial variability. Soil carbon decreased with depth, was higher at all depths in thinned stands, and was significantly higher (P = 0.06) at the 10- to 20-cm depth in the thinned stands (1.04%) compared with unthinned stands (0.76%). Soil temperature was approximately 1–2°C warmer in the growing season and 1°C cooler in the dormant season in thinned stands. Soil moisture was consistently higher in thinned stands by approximately 5%. Temperature was positively and significantly correlated with Es in thinned and unthinned stands. When modeled using regression, thinning was a significant variable for predicting Es (P &lt; 0.0009) but explained less than 1% of the variation. Whereas thinning decreased Es when standardized to a constant temperature, actual Es was elevated in thinned stands because of higher soil temperature.

Loblolly Pine Stocking Levels affect Potential for Southern Pine Beetle Infestation

1980 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 162-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter L. Lorio
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Management Objectives ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract By comparison with any o several stocking standards, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) stands infested with southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm.) on the Kisatchie National Forest, Louisiana, were frequently overstocked. Stocking levels associated with reduced stand and tree growth and frequent intermittent water deficits also enhance successful southern pine beetle attack. Charts that help determine how well existing stocking meets management objectives are also useful for judging stand vulnerability to the southern pine beetle.

scholarly journals A Consensus Map for Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda L.). I. Construction and Integration of Individual Linkage Maps From Two Outbred Three-Generation Pedigrees

Genetics ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 321-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell M Sewell ◽  
Bradley K Sherman ◽  
David B Neale
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Mapping Function ◽  
Genetic Maps ◽  
Linkage Data ◽  
Linkage Maps ◽  
Consensus Map ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract A consensus map for loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) was constructed from the integration of linkage data from two unrelated three-generation outbred pedigrees. The progeny segregation data from restriction fragment length polymorphism, random amplified polymorphic DNA, and isozyme genetic markers from each pedigree were recoded to reflect the two independent populations of parental meioses, and genetic maps were constructed to represent each parent. The rate of meiotic recombination was significantly greater for males than females, as was the average estimate of genome length for males {1983.7 cM [Kosambi mapping function (K)]} and females [1339.5 cM(K)]. The integration of individual maps allows for the synthesis of genetic information from independent sources onto a single consensus map and facilitates the consolidation of linkage groups to represent the chromosomes (n = 12) of loblolly pine. The resulting consensus map consists of 357 unique molecular markers and covers ∼1300 cM(K).

scholarly journals Biochar Chemistry in a Weathered Tropical Soil: Kinetics of Phosphorus Sorption

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 295
Author(s):  
Marina Moura Morales ◽  
Nicholas Brian Comerford ◽  
Maurel Behling ◽  
Daniel Carneiro de Abreu ◽  
Iraê Amaral Guerrini
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Initial Reaction ◽  
Phosphorus Sorption ◽  
P Sorption ◽  
Published Research ◽  
Kinetics Of

The phosphorus (P) chemistry of biochar (BC)-amended soils is poorly understood. This statement is based on the lack of published research attempting a comprehensive characterization of biochar’s influence on P sorption. Therefore, this study addressed the kinetic limitations of these processes. This was accomplished using a fast pyrolysis biochar made from a mix of waste materials applied to a highly weathered Latossolo Vermelho distrofico (Oxisol) from São Paulo, Brazil. Standard method (batch method) was used. The sorption kinetic studies indicated that P sorption in both cases, soil (S) and soil-biochar (SBC), had a relatively fast initial reaction between 0 to 5 min. This may have happened because adding biochar to the soil decreased P sorption capacity compared to the mineral soil alone. Presumably, this is a result of: (i) Inorganic phosphorus desorbed from biochar was resorbed onto the mineral soil; (ii) charcoal particles physically covered P sorption locations on soil; or (iii) the pH increased when BC was added SBC and the soil surface became more negatively charged, thus increasing anion repulsion and decreasing P sorption.

Long-term effects of stand density management and genotype on wood properties of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) in the mid-South USA

2021 ◽  
Vol 491 ◽  
pp. 119176
Author(s):  
Michael A. Blazier ◽  
Thomas Hennessey ◽  
Laurence Schimleck ◽  
Scott Abbey ◽  
Ryan Holbrook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Stand Density Management ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

scholarly journals Competition Effects on Growth and Crown Dimensions of Shortleaf and Loblolly Pine in Mature, Natural-Origin, Pine–Hardwood Mixtures of the Upper West Gulf Coastal Plain of Arkansas, USA: A Neighborhood Analysis

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 935
Author(s):  
Mohammad Bataineh ◽  
Ethan Childs
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects ◽  
Natural Origin ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Crown Dimensions

The need for a comprehensive and mechanistic understanding of competition has never been more important as plants adapt to a changing environment and as forest management evolves to focus on maintaining and enhancing complexity. With the recent decline in shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) land area, it is critical to determine the effects of competition on shortleaf pine and its performance against loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), the preferred planted replacement. We evaluate differences in shortleaf and loblolly pine 10 year mean basal area increment (BAI) and crown dimensions across a gradient of neighborhoods. Linear mixed-effects regression models were developed using BAI and several crown metrics as responses and crowding, competitor species abundance and identity, and initial size and species identity of focal tree as predictors. Crowding of focal trees negatively impacted BAI and crown size (p < 0.001, respectively). Although loblolly pine had three times higher BAI as compared to shortleaf pine within similar neighborhoods, BAI was variable, and the crowding effect did not differ between shortleaf and loblolly pine (p ranged from 0.51–0.99). Competitive impacts on focal trees did not differ by competitor identity (p ranged from 0.07–0.70). Distance-independent competition indices better explained the variation in BAI and horizontal crown metrics, while distance-dependent size ratios were more effective at evaluating vertical crown metrics. These findings highlight shortleaf pine competitive potential in mature, natural-origin stands and provide support for the restoration of pine–hardwood and hardwood–pine stratified mixtures as well as management of shortleaf pine at long rotations.

scholarly journals Loblolly Pine—Pushing the Limits of Growth

2001 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce E. Borders ◽  
Robert L. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Mechanical Site Preparation ◽  
Yield Production ◽  
The World ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Production Areas

Abstract With mean annual increments up to 5.4 cords/ac/yr, six loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) research sites in Georgia produced yields on par with other results from intensively managed loblolly plantations around the world. Cultural treatments in the Georgia study include complete control of vegetation other than the planted pines with multiple applications of herbicide, annual fertilization, the combination of complete vegetation control and annual fertilization, and an intensive mechanical site preparation treatment. Complete vegetation control resulted in higher yield production at ages 10 to 12 yr than the intensive mechanical treatment at all locations. This regime also resulted in higher yield production than the annual fertilization treatment at four of six locations. Volume mean annual increment for 10- to 12-yr-old plantations with the combination treatment of complete vegetation control and annual fertilization ranged from 325 to 490 ft3/ac, growth rates comparable to those obtained at other high biomass production areas throughout the world. Our economic evaluation based on these results shows that 8 to 12% real rates of return are feasible from investments in intensive loblolly pine plantations in the southeastern United States. South. J. Appl. For. 25(2):69–74.

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