Corrigendum to: Use of ordinary kriging and Gaussian conditional simulation to interpolate airborne fire radiative energy density estimates

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 498
Author(s):  
C. Klauberg ◽  
A. T. Hudak ◽  
B. C. Bright ◽  
L. Boschetti ◽  
M. B. Dickinson ◽  
...  

Fire radiative energy density (FRED, Jm-2) integrated from fire radiative power density (FRPD, Wm-2) observations of landscape-level fires can present an undersampling problem when collected from fixed-wing aircraft. In the present study, the aircraft made multiple passes over the fire at ~3min intervals, thus failing to observe most of the FRPD emitted as the flame front spread. We integrated the sparse FRPD time series to obtain pixel-level FRED estimates, and subsequently applied ordinary kriging (OK) and Gaussian conditional simulation (GCS) to interpolate across data voids caused by the undersampling. We compared FRED interpolated via OK and GCS with FRED estimated independently from ground measurements of biomass consumed from five prescribed burns at Eglin Air Force Base, Florida, USA. In four of five burns considered where undersampling prevailed, OK and GCS effectively interpolated FRED estimates across the data voids, improving the spatial distribution of FRED across the burning event and its overall mean. In a fifth burn, the burning characteristics were such that undersampling did not present a problem needing to be fixed. We also determined where burning and FRPD sampling characteristics merited applying OK and CGS only to the highest FRED estimates to interpolate more accurate FRED maps.

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 228 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Klauberg ◽  
A. T. Hudak ◽  
B. C. Bright ◽  
L. Boschetti ◽  
M. B. Dickinson ◽  
...  

Fire radiative energy density (FRED, J m−2) integrated from fire radiative power density (FRPD, W m−2) observations of landscape-level fires can present an undersampling problem when collected from fixed-wing aircraft. In the present study, the aircraft made multiple passes over the fire at ~3 min intervals, thus failing to observe most of the FRPD emitted as the flame front spread. We integrated the sparse FRPD time series to obtain pixel-level FRED estimates, and subsequently applied ordinary kriging (OK) and Gaussian conditional simulation (GCS) to interpolate across data voids caused by the undersampling. We compared FRED interpolated via OK and GCS with FRED estimated independently from ground measurements of biomass consumed from five prescribed burns at Eglin Air Force Base, Florida, USA. In four of five burns considered where undersampling prevailed, OK and GCS effectively interpolated FRED estimates across the data voids, improving the spatial distribution of FRED across the burning event and its overall mean. In a fifth burn, the burning characteristics were such that undersampling did not present a problem needing to be fixed. We also determined where burning and FRPD sampling characteristics merited applying OK and CGS only to the highest FRED estimates to interpolate more accurate FRED maps.


2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alistair M. S. Smith ◽  
Martin J. Wooster

The classification of savanna fires into headfire and backfire types can in theory help in assessing pollutant emissions to the atmosphere via relative apportionment of the amounts of smouldering and flaming combustion occurring, and is also important when assessing a fire’s ecological effects. This paper provides a preliminary assessment of whether a combination of visible and thermal satellite remote sensing can be used to classify fires into head and backfire categories. Remote determination of the fire radiative power, alongside assessments of the prevailing direction of the wind (through identification of the fire-related smoke plumes) and the fire front propagation (through its relation to the previously burned area) were used to infer the fire type category and to calculate ‘radiative’ fireline intensity (FLI). The ratio of radiative FLI for the head and backfire categories was found similar to that of in situ fireline intensity measurements, but the magnitudes of the radiative FLI values were around an order of magnitude lower. This agrees with other data suggesting that a fire’s radiative energy is around an order of magnitude lower than the fuel’s theoretical heat yield, and suggests that the remote measurement of radiative FLI and classification of headfire and backfire types is a realistic proposition for large wildfire activity.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tero M. Partanen ◽  
Mikhail Sofiev

Abstract. This paper presents a phenomenological framework for forecasting the area-integrated fire radiative power from wildfires. In the method, a region of interest is covered with a regular grid, which cells are uniquely and independently parameterized with regard to the fire intensity according to (i) the fire incidence history, (ii) the retrospective meteorological information, and (iii) remotely-sensed high temporal resolution fire radiative power taken together with (iv) consistent cloud mask data. The parameterization is realized by fitting the predetermined functions for diurnal and annual profiles of fire radiative power to the remote-sensing observations. After the parametrization, the input for the fire radiative power forecast is the meteorological data alone, i.e., the weather forecast. The method is tested retrospectively for south-central African savannah areas with grid cell size of 1.5° × 1.5°. The input data included ECMWF ERA5 meteorological reanalysis and SEVIRI/MSG Fire Radiative Power and Cloud Mask. It has been found that in the areas with large numbers of wildfires regularly ignited on a daily basis during dry seasons from year to year, the temporal fire radiative power evolution is quite predictable, whereas the areas with irregular fire behaviour predictability was low. The predictive power of the method is demonstrated by comparing the predicted fire radiative power patterns and fire radiative energy values against the corresponding remote-sensing observations. The current method showed good skills for the considered African regions and was useful in understanding the challenges in predicting the wildfires in a more general case.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catarina Alonso ◽  
Célia M. Gouveia ◽  
Patrícia Páscoa

<p>Forest fires are recurrent in Portugal, either due to climate conditions, to land use change, or to a combination of both. Wet and mild winters, together with dry and warm summers, favour the growth of vegetation and its subsequent low moisture content, increasing fuel availability. The assessment and management of fuel loads is essential to understand and minimize fire risk. The structural risk depends on the type of available fuel and on the age of vegetation. Therefore, reducing fuel loads is often required to mitigate fire severity.  </p><p>Active fire observations of fire radiative power (FRP) have been shown to be correlated to rates of biomass combustion. The Meteosat FRP-PIXEL product is delivered in near real-time by the EUMETSAT Land Surface Analysis Satellite Applications Facility (LSA SAF), since 2004 with 15-min temporal resolution. We propose to do the first assessment, for Portugal, of the relationship between Fire Radiative Energy (FRE) per fire and pre-fire fuel load estimates, as obtained from Dry Matter Productivity (DMP), disseminated by Copernicus Global Land Service (CGLS) at 1km spatial resolution since 1999. The analysis is performed for the main land cover types in Portugal that show high sensitivity to wildfires. The severest wildfire events in Portugal since 2004 are also analysed with detail, namely the fires of 2005, 2012 and 2017 and the obtained results related with soil moisture, fuel type and fire size.</p><p>Acknowledgements: This study was performed within the framework of the LSA-SAF, co-funded by EUMETSAT This work was partially supported by national funds through FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Portugal) under projects FIRECAST (PCIF/GRF/0204/2017) and IMPECAF (PTDC/CTA-CLI/28902/2017).</p>


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