scholarly journals Comparison of approaches for reporting forest fire-related biomass loss and greenhouse gas emissions in southern Europe

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Vincenza Chiriacò ◽  
Lucia Perugini ◽  
Dora Cimini ◽  
Enrico D'Amato ◽  
Riccardo Valentini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Fire Effects ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Fire Emissions ◽  
Biomass Loss ◽  
Mediterranean Forest Ecosystems

Wildfires are the most common disturbances in Mediterranean forest ecosystems that cause significant emissions of greenhouse gases as a result of biomass burning. Despite this, there is reasonably high uncertainty regarding the actual fraction of burnt biomass and the related CO2 and non-CO2 gas emissions released during forest fires. The aim of this paper is to compare existing methodologies adopted in the National Greenhouse Gas Inventory reports of five of the most fire-affected countries of southern Europe (Italy, Spain, Greece, Portugal, France) with those proposed in the literature, to operationally estimate forest fire emissions, and to discuss current perspectives on reducing uncertainties in reporting activities for the Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry sector under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol. Five selected approaches have been experimentally applied for the estimation of burnt biomass in forest fire events that occurred in Italy in the period 2008–2010. Approaches based on nominal rates of biomass loss can lead to an overly conservative value or, conversely, to underestimation of the fraction of burnt biomass. Uncertainties can be greatly reduced by an operational method able to assess inter-annual and local variability of fire effects on fire-affected forest types.

Emissions of air pollutants by Canadian wildfires from 2000 to 2004

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Lavoué ◽  
Brian J. Stocks
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Fire Season ◽  
Emission Model ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Fire Emissions

A wildfire emission model, based on the Canadian Forest Fire Behaviour Prediction System and the Canadian weather forecast Global Environmental Multiscale model, was applied to forest fires that occurred in Canada between 2000 and 2004. Emissions of 21 chemical species and injection heights were calculated hourly for a regular 0.4° grid, with injection heights corresponding to the maximum altitude reached by a convective plume over a fire every hour. Wildfire emissions were compared with anthropogenic fossil fuel combustion sources at provincial, territorial and national levels. The 2002 fire season in central Quebec accounted for ~30, 60 and 80% of the annual primary greenhouse gases, carbon monoxide and black carbon emissions respectively for that province. In 2003, fires represented 60 and 20% of greenhouse gas emissions in Manitoba and British Columbia respectively. During the 2004 fire season in north-western Canada, when area burned was above average, fires were responsible for almost all greenhouse gas emissions occurring in the sparsely populated Yukon Territory and Northwest Territories. On average, between 2000 and 2004, fires contributed 10, 30 and 40% of Canadian annual greenhouse gases, CO and black carbon emissions respectively. This methodology for calculating wildland fire emissions is also applicable to other regions of the world.

Satellite-based analysis of CO and Fires in the Arctic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomi Karppinen ◽  
Anu-Maija Sundström ◽  
Hannakaisa Lindqvist ◽  
Johanna Tamminen
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Fire Effects ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
Fire Emissions

<p><span>Climate change is proceeding fastest in the Arctic region. While human-induced emissions of long-lived greenhouse gases are the main driving factor of global warming, short-lived climate forcers or pollutants emitted from the forest fires are also playing an important role, especially in the Arctic. Forest fire emissions also affect local air quality and photochemical processes in the atmosphere. For example, CO contributes to the formation of tropospheric ozone and affects the abundance of greenhouse gases such as methane and CO2.</span></p><p><span>During past years Arctic summers have been warmer and drier elevating the risk for extensive forest fire episodes. Satellite observations show, that during the past three summers (2018-2020) fire detections in Arctic, especially in Arctic Siberia have increased considerably, affecting also local emissions of CO. This work focuses on studying CO concentration and its variation at high latitudes and in the Arctic using satellite and ground-based observations. Satellite observations of CO from TROPOMI are analyzed for the 2018-2020 (NH) summer months. To assess the satellite retrieved columns the satellite measurements are compared to ground-based remote sensing measurements at Sodankylä. Also, ground-based in-situ measurements are used to see how the total column changes mirror the ground level concentrations. The fire characteristics are analyzed using observations from MODIS instruments onboard Aqua and Terra. Fire effects on seasonal cycle and interannual variability of CO concentrations at Arctic high latitudes are analyzed.</span></p>

An analysis of iLUC and biofuels – Regional quantification of climate-relevant land use change and options for combating it

2011 ◽  
pp. 224-228
Author(s):  
Uwe Lahl
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Regional Model ◽  
Specific Region ◽  
Policy Options ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Regional Approach ◽  
Indirect Land Use Change

The study proposes a regional approach to calculating indirect land use change (iLUC). The goal is to determine the greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) of biofuels brought about by iLUC in a specific region. A regional approach can be based on the conditions specific to the respective region and the data for this region which is contained in country statistics. This makes the results more resilient. It also appears that LUC is mainly caused locally or regionally. Relevant policy scenarios for different regions were calculated with a regional model. The calculations show reliable results. It is possible to introduce such a regional model in regulations for combating iLUC. The analysis of the policy options for combating iLUC shows that a regional approach would have a much more effective steering effect.

scholarly journals Greenhouse gas emissions from the water–air interface of a grassland river: a case study of the Xilin River

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Hao ◽  
Yu Ruihong ◽  
Zhang Zhuangzhuang ◽  
Qi Zhen ◽  
Lu Xixi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Sand Land ◽  
Very High

AbstractGreenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from rivers and lakes have been shown to significantly contribute to global carbon and nitrogen cycling. In spatiotemporal-variable and human-impacted rivers in the grassland region, simultaneous carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide emissions and their relationships under the different land use types are poorly documented. This research estimated greenhouse gas (CO2, CH4, N2O) emissions in the Xilin River of Inner Mongolia of China using direct measurements from 18 field campaigns under seven land use type (such as swamp, sand land, grassland, pond, reservoir, lake, waste water) conducted in 2018. The results showed that CO2 emissions were higher in June and August, mainly affected by pH and DO. Emissions of CH4 and N2O were higher in October, which were influenced by TN and TP. According to global warming potential, CO2 emissions accounted for 63.35% of the three GHG emissions, and CH4 and N2O emissions accounted for 35.98% and 0.66% in the Xilin river, respectively. Under the influence of different degrees of human-impact, the amount of CO2 emissions in the sand land type was very high, however, CH4 emissions and N2O emissions were very high in the artificial pond and the wastewater, respectively. For natural river, the greenhouse gas emissions from the reservoir and sand land were both low. The Xilin river was observed to be a source of carbon dioxide and methane, and the lake was a sink for nitrous oxide.

scholarly journals High-resolution spatial modelling of greenhouse gas emissions from land-use change to energy crops in the United Kingdom

GCB Bioenergy ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 627-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Richards ◽  
Mark Pogson ◽  
Marta Dondini ◽  
Edward O. Jones ◽  
Astley Hastings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Spatial Modelling ◽  
Energy Crops ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
The United Kingdom

scholarly journals Prospects for land-use sustainability on the agricultural frontier of the Brazilian Amazon

2013 ◽  
Vol 368 (1619) ◽  
pp. 20120171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian L. Galford ◽  
Britaldo Soares-Filho ◽  
Carlos E. P. Cerri
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
State Government ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations

The Brazilian Amazon frontier shows how remarkable leadership can work towards increased agricultural productivity and environmental sustainability without new greenhouse gas emissions. This is due to initiatives among various stakeholders, including national and state government and agents, farmers, consumers, funding agencies and non-governmental organizations. Change has come both from bottom-up and top-down actions of these stakeholders, providing leadership, financing and monitoring to foster environmental sustainability and agricultural growth. Goals to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from land-cover and land-use change in Brazil are being achieved through a multi-tiered approach that includes policies to reduce deforestation and initiatives for forest restoration, as well as increased and diversified agricultural production, intensified ranching and innovations in agricultural management. Here, we address opportunities for the Brazilian Amazon in working towards low-carbon rural development and environmentally sustainable landscapes.

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