Organic matter, nutrient content and biological activity in burned and unburned soils of a Mediterranean maquis area of southern Italy

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna De Marco ◽  
Anna Elisa Gentile ◽  
Carmen Arena ◽  
Amalia Virzo De Santo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Drought Period ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content ◽  
Microbial Carbon ◽  
Mediterranean Maquis ◽  
Phillyrea Angustifolia

Experimental fires were performed during the summer-drought period in a Mediterranean maquis in the Castel Volturno Nature Reserve in south-western Italy. The two different fuel loads applied (4 kg m−2 and 2 kg m−2) resulted in complete and partial combustion of the vegetation, respectively. Soil organic matter content (SOM), total and available element concentrations (K, Mg, Na, Mn, Fe, Cu, Pb, Cd), microbial carbon, respiration, metabolic quotient (qCO2), and the coefficient of endogenous mineralization (CEM) were measured at intervals in the dry and wet seasons over a period of about 3 years, in burned and adjacent unburned soils. Soil samples (0–5 cm depth) were collected under the cover of Phillyrea angustifolia L., a dominant species in the study area. Both fires induced long-lasting increases in SOM. As indicated by the increase in CEM, part of the accumulated SOM was mineralized in the first 3 months after fire whereas part of the accumulated SOM was instead stable. Both fires increased the total and available fractions of nutrients and trace elements. During the first 3 months after fire, microbial biomass and qCO2 were higher in the burned soils, which were richer in nutrients, but were characterized by harsher environmental conditions compared to unburned soils.

scholarly journals The Effect of Inoculation With Amycolatopsis Strains On Yield and Nutrient Content of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) and Soil Microbiological Properties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maira Kussainova ◽  
Rıdvan Kızılkaya
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content ◽  
Microbiological Properties

Abstract In this study, the yield and nutrient content of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in greenhouse conditions and soil microbiological properties were investigated. Inoculating Amycolatopsis strains, including A.magusensis DSM 45510T, A.orientalis DSM 40040T, and A.azurea DSM 43854T was considered. The mixture of wheat straw (WS) was used to increase soil organic matter content by 5%. It was determined that the grain and straw yield of wheat increased significantly (P < 0.001) in inoculation with Amycolatopsis strains in soils without WS. However, inoculation with Amycolatopsis strains in soil with WS significantly decreased grain and straw of wheat yield. Also, it was found that soil microbial biomass and soil basal respiration (SBR) increased in inoculation with Amycolatopsis strains in both soils with and without WS. While it was established that Cmic:Corg ratio of the control group in the soil samples at the end of the harvest was 1.23, infusing with Amycolatopsis strains was observed to be around 2.95–3.31. Moreover, inoculation with Amycolatopsis strains in soils with WS varied between 0.32–0.40. In the same way, it was determined the microbial metabolic quotient (qCO2) was 2.58 in the control group. This meaning was between 5.67–5.82 in infusing with Amycolatopsis strains and 6.04–6.41 in inoculating with Amycolatopsis strains in soils mixed with ground wheat stalk. As a result, it suggested that the yield of wheat could be increased inoculation with A.magusensis, A.orientalis, and A.azurea, from Amycolatopsis strains, in soils with low soil organic matter content and soils that cannot be shown an increment in terms of organic matter content.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Soil Decompaction and Amendment Process for Urban Trees

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 293-300
Author(s):  
Kelby Fite ◽  
E. Thomas Smiley ◽  
John McIntyre ◽  
Christina Wells
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Urban Trees ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content ◽  
Myrtle Beach

Researchers investigated the effects of a soil decompaction and amendment process (AFM) and its individual components (air tillage, fertilizer, and mulch) on soil properties at four urban sites: Anderson, South Carolina; Boston, Massachusetts; Myrtle Beach, South Carolina; and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S. At each site, 50 red maples (Acer rubrum) were growing on compacted and/or nutrient-poor soils whose pretreatment bulk densities ranged from 1.14 to 1.74 g/cm3. Treatments were applied in the autumn and winter of 2005–2006, and measurements were taken through the end of 2008. The AFM treatment significantly reduced soil strength relative to control at all sites in 2006. There were significant treatment × location interactions in all years, with higher bulk density sites (Anderson and Myrtle Beach) showing the greatest magnitude and duration of response. The AFM and mulch treatments generally increased soil organic matter content, while air tillage alone significantly lowered soil organic matter content in Pittsburgh. At most sites, the AFM treatment was more effective than surface fertilizer application at improving soil fertility. AFM and mulched plots had significantly higher soil water content than other plots during periods of summer drought. Overall, AFM was effective in improving soils beneath established trees, and mulching was the most beneficial of the individual treatments.

THE EFFECT OF SAWDUST, STRAW, COMPOST AND MANURE ON THE YIELD AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF STRAWBERRIES AND ON SOIL MOISTURE, ACIDITY AND ORGANIC MATTER CONTENT

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Sawdust, straw, compost and manure were applied under dryland conditions to strawberry plantings at two locations. The effects on yield, leaf nutrient content, soil moisture, soil acidity and soil organic matter content were evaluated. Sawdust mulch and sawdust incorporation, the former being slightly better, produced highly significant increased yields over the check treatment and were superior to all other treatments. Soil moisture measurements showed that the sawdust treatments conserved soil moisture and this was regarded as the chief reason for the increased yields. The nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium contents of leaves were affected somewhat by the treatments but the levels were considered adequate in all cases.Soil acidity was significantly increased in the sawdust plots but this was attributed to the additional nitrogen applied rather than to the sawdust per se. Sawdust incorporation, manure and compost treatments significantly increased soil organic matter content when compared to the check treatment.

scholarly journals Soil nitrogen supply of peat grasslands estimated by degree days and soil organic matter content

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-365
Author(s):  
J. Pijlman ◽  
G. Holshof ◽  
W. van den Berg ◽  
G. H. Ros ◽  
J. W. Erisman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Nitrogen Supply

scholarly journals Effect of Clay, Soil Organic Matter, and Soil pH on Initial and Residual Weed Control with Flumioxazin

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1326
Author(s):  
Calvin F. Glaspie ◽  
Eric A. L. Jones ◽  
Donald Penner ◽  
John A. Pawlak ◽  
Wesley J. Everman
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content ◽  
Field Soils

Greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of soil organic matter content and soil pH on initial and residual weed control with flumioxazin by planting selected weed species in various lab-made and field soils. Initial control was determined by planting weed seeds into various lab-made and field soils treated with flumioxazin (71 g ha−1). Seeds of Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass), Setaria faberi (giant foxtail), Amaranthus retroflexus (redroot pigweed), and Abutilon theophrasti (velvetleaf) were incorporated into the top 1.3 cm of each soil at a density of 100 seeds per pot, respectively. Emerged plants were counted and removed in both treated and non-treated pots two weeks after planting and each following week for six weeks. Flumioxazin control was evaluated by calculating percent emergence of weeds in treated soils compared to the emergence of weeds in non-treated soils. Clay content was not found to affect initial flumioxazin control of any tested weed species. Control of A. theophrasti, E. crus-galli, and S. faberi was reduced as soil organic matter content increased. The control of A. retroflexus was not affected by organic matter. Soil pH below 6 reduced flumioxazin control of A. theophrasti, and S. faberi but did not affect the control of A. retroflexus and E. crus-galli. Flumioxazin residual control was determined by planting selected weed species in various lab-made and field soils 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after treatment. Eight weeks after treatment, flumioxazin gave 0% control of A. theophrasti and S. faberi in all soils tested. Control of A. retroflexus and Chenopodium album (common lambsquarters) was 100% for the duration of the experiment, except when soil organic matter content was greater than 3% or the soil pH 7. Eight weeks after treatment, 0% control was only observed for common A. retroflexus and C. album in organic soil (soil organic matter > 80%) or when soil pH was above 7. Control of A. theophrasti and S. faberi decreased as soil organic matter content and soil pH increased. Similar results were observed when comparing lab-made soils to field soils; however, differences in control were observed between lab-made organic matter soils and field organic matter soils. Results indicate that flumioxazin can provide control ranging from 75–100% for two to six weeks on common weed species.

scholarly journals Assessment of Potato Farmland Soil Nutrient Based on MDS-SQI Model in the Loess Plateau

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3957
Author(s):  
Yingying Xing ◽  
Ning Wang ◽  
Xiaoli Niu ◽  
Wenting Jiang ◽  
Xiukang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content ◽  
Farmland Soil

Soil nutrients are essential nutrients provided by soil for plant growth. Most researchers focus on the coupling effect of nutrients with potato yield and quality. There are few studies on the evaluation of soil nutrients in potato fields. The purpose of this study is to investigate the soil nutrients of potato farmland and the soil vertical nutrient distributions, and then to provide a theoretical and experimental basis for the fertilizer management practices for potatoes in Loess Plateau. Eight physical and chemical soil indexes were selected in the study area, and 810 farmland soil samples from the potato agriculture product areas were analyzed in Northern Shaanxi. The paper established the minimum data set (MDS) for the quality diagnosis of the cultivated layer for farmland by principal component analysis (PCA), respectively, and furthermore, analyzed the soil nutrient characteristics of the cultivated layer adopted soil quality index (SQI). The results showed that the MDS on soil quality diagnosis of the cultivated layer for farmland soil included such indicators as the soil organic matter content, soil available potassium content, and soil available phosphorus content. The comprehensive index value of the soil quality was between 0.064 and 0.302. The SPSS average clustering process used to classify SQI was divided into three grades: class I (36.2%) was defined as suitable soil fertility (SQI < 0.122), class II (55.6%) was defined as moderate soil fertility (0.122 < SQI < 0.18), and class III (8.2%) was defined as poor soil fertility (SQI > 0.186). The comprehensive quality of the potato farmland soils was generally low. The proportion of soil nutrients in the SQI composition ranged from large to small as the soil available potassium content = soil available phosphorus content > soil organic matter content, which became the limiting factor of the soil organic matter content in this area. This study revolves around the 0 to 60 cm soil layer; the soil fertility decreased gradually with the soil depth, and had significant differences between the respective soil layers. In order to improve the soil nutrient accumulation and potato yield in potato farmland in northern Shaanxi, it is suggested to increase the fertilization depth (20 to 40 cm) and further study the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer.

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