Effect of fire retardant application on phosphorus leaching from Mediterranean forest soil: short-term laboratory-scale study

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 287 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pappa ◽  
N. Tzamtzis ◽  
S. Koufopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Pinus Halepensis ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Mediterranean Forest ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Inductively Coupled

The application of fire retardants for forest fire prevention purposes can result in chemicals leaching from soil to the drainage water during the annual rainfall period. In addition, wildland fires can have an impact on the leaching of various chemicals from treated forest soils. In leachates, large concentrations of phosphorus (P) – one of the major components of long-term retardants – could affect the groundwater quality. In this present study, the leaching of phosphorus (contained in FIRE-TROL 931 – a long-term fire retardant based on polyphosphates) from a typical Mediterranean forest soil, was studied at the laboratory scale. The concentrations of P from the application of retardant in the resulting leachates from pots, containing forest soil and pine trees (Pinus halepensis), alone and in combination with fire, were determined by an inductively coupled plasma analytical method. The leaching of P, under the conditions used, was found to be a small percentage of the initially applied P quantities. However, it was different among the treated samples affected by both plant and fire conditions.

scholarly journals Lithium administered to pregnant, lactating and neonatal rats: entry into developing brain

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shene Yi-Shiuan Chiou ◽  
Kai Kysenius ◽  
Yifan Huang ◽  
Mark David Habgood ◽  
Liam M. Koehn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Lithium Treatment ◽  
Developing Brain ◽  
Atpase Inhibitor ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Abstract Background Little is known about the extent of drug entry into developing brain, when administered to pregnant and lactating women. Lithium is commonly prescribed for bipolar disorder. Here we studied transfer of lithium given to dams, into blood, brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in embryonic and postnatal animals as well as adults. Methods Lithium chloride in a clinically relevant dose (3.2 mg/kg body weight) was injected intraperitoneally into pregnant (E15–18) and lactating dams (birth-P16/17) or directly into postnatal pups (P0–P16/17). Acute treatment involved a single injection; long-term treatment involved twice daily injections for the duration of the experiment. Following terminal anaesthesia blood plasma, CSF and brains were collected. Lithium levels and brain distribution were measured using Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry and total lithium levels were confirmed by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry. Results Lithium was detected in blood, CSF and brain of all fetal and postnatal pups following lithium treatment of dams. Its concentration in pups’ blood was consistently below that in maternal blood (30–35%) indicating significant protection by the placenta and breast tissue. However, much of the lithium that reached the fetus entered its brain. Levels of lithium in plasma fluctuated in different treatment groups but its concentration in CSF was stable at all ages, in agreement with known stable levels of endogenous ions in CSF. There was no significant increase of lithium transfer into CSF following application of Na+/K+ ATPase inhibitor (digoxin) in vivo, indicating that lithium transfer across choroid plexus epithelium is not likely to be via the Na+/K+ ATPase mechanism, at least early in development. Comparison with passive permeability markers suggested that in acute experiments lithium permeability was less than expected for diffusion but similar in long-term experiments at P2. Conclusions Information obtained on the distribution of lithium in developing brain provides a basis for studying possible deleterious effects on brain development and behaviour in offspring of mothers undergoing lithium therapy.

scholarly journals Impact of Long-Term Serum Platinum Concentrations on Neuro- and Ototoxicity in Cisplatin-Treated Survivors of Testicular Cancer

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mette Sprauten ◽  
Thomas H. Darrah ◽  
Derick R. Peterson ◽  
M. Ellen Campbell ◽  
Robyn E. Hannigan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Testicular Cancer ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Patient Reported Outcomes ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Symptom Bother ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Symptom Scores ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Hands And Feet

Purpose Cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity and ototoxicity (NTX) are important adverse effects after chemotherapy for testicular cancer (TC). Although serum platinum is measurable years after therapy, its impact on NTX has not been evaluated. Patients and Methods In all, 169 cisplatin-treated survivors of TC provided blood samples at Survey I and reported NTX during Survey I (1998-2002) and Survey II (2007-2008). Serum platinum was quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Patient-reported outcomes were evaluated with the Scale for Chemotherapy-Induced Neurotoxicity (SCIN), regarding the extent of symptom bother as 0, “not at all”; 1, “a little”; 2, “quite a bit”; or 3, “very much.” Summing the six symptom scores yielded a total SCIN score of 0 to 18. Categorizing total SCIN scores into quartiles yielded similar-sized groups with increasing symptoms. Multivariate ordinal logistic regression analyses evaluated associations between NTX and long-term serum platinum levels, adjusting for cisplatin dose, dosing schedule, and age. Results At Survey I, a significant four- to five-fold association with total SCIN score emerged for the highest serum platinum quartile (odds ratio [OR], 4.69; 95% CI, 1.82 to 12.08). Paresthesias and Raynaud's syndrome (hands and feet) showed significant two- to four-fold increased risks with the highest platinum quartile. At Survey II, total SCIN score remained significantly associated with the highest platinum quartile (OR, 4.28; 95% CI, 1.36 to 13.48). Paresthesias (hands and feet) and tinnitus showed significant three- to four-fold increased risks for the highest platinum quartile. Cumulative cisplatin dose was not associated with total SCIN score or individual SCIN symptoms in multivariate analyses. Conclusion Here we document a significant relationship between increasing levels of residual serum platinum and NTX severity after adjusting for initial cisplatin dose.

scholarly journals Early-life metal exposure and schizophrenia: A proof-of-concept study using novel tooth-matrix biomarkers

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Modabbernia ◽  
E. Velthorst ◽  
C. Gennings ◽  
L. De Haan ◽  
C. Austin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Metal Exposure ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Concept Study ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

AbstractBackgroundDespite evidence for the effects of metals on neurodevelopment, the long-term effects on mental health remain unclear due to methodological limitations. Our objective was to determine the feasibility of studying metal exposure during critical neurodevelopmental periods and to explore the association between early-life metal exposure and adult schizophrenia.MethodsWe analyzed childhood-shed teeth from nine individuals with schizophrenia and five healthy controls. We investigated the association between exposure to lead (Pb2+), manganese (Mn2+), cadmium (Cd2+), copper (Cu2+), magnesium (Mg2+), and zinc (Zn2+), and schizophrenia, psychotic experiences, and intelligence quotient (IQ). We reconstructed the dose and timing of early-life metal exposures using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.ResultsWe found higher early-life Pb2+ exposure among patients with schizophrenia than controls. The differences in log Mn2+ and log Cu2+ changed relatively linearly over time to postnatal negative values. There was a positive correlation between early-life Pb2+ levels and psychotic experiences in adulthood. Moreover, we found a negative correlation between Pb2+ levels and adult IQ.ConclusionsIn our proof-of-concept study, using tooth-matrix biomarker that provides direct measurement of exposure in the fetus and newborn, we provide support for the role of metal exposure during critical neurodevelopmental periods in psychosis.

Cellular Response of Titanium and Its Alloys as Implants

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Bhola ◽  
Shaily M Bhola ◽  
Brajendra Mishra ◽  
Reed Ayers ◽  
David L Olson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Alloy System ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Potential Use

Abstract The cellular response of osteocytes to commercially pure titanium (α) and its alloys (α + β and β) has been tested in a culture media, and the results have been supplemented by analyses from various techniques such as inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopic (ICP-AES) analysis, X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), metallography, and electrochemical measurements. These results have been correlated with respect to the presence of various alloying elements in these alloys to qualify them for human application. The newer β alloys have been examined for their potential use as implants. These results serve as a preliminary baseline to characterize the best alloy system for a comprehensive long-term investigation.

scholarly journals Analytical capabilities of a «Grand» spectrometer in analysis of solutions using inductively coupled plasma

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (1II)) ◽  
pp. 82-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. V. Pelipasov ◽  
R. A. Lokhtin ◽  
V. A. Labusov ◽  
N. G. Pelevina
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Microwave Plasma ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Plasma Generator ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Spectral Lines ◽  
Term Stability ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Long Term Stability

It has been shown that «Grand» spectrometers based on a hybrid assembly of BLPP-2000 photodetector arrays produced by «VMK-Optoélektronika» can be used for atomic emission spectral analysis of solutions using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). For the prototype of a «Grand-ICP» spectrometer consisting of «Grand» spectrometer, microwave plasma generator, and RF (radiofrequency) generator, the following analytical characteristics were determined: element detection limit, long-term stability, linear ranges of calibration graphs for several elements, and optimal operating parameters of the microwave generator. The linear concentration range of analyte elements is 105when using a single analytical line of the element. The long-term stability is less than 2% in 6 h without using an internal standard. The detection limits are comparable to those of modern ICP spectrometers with an axial plasma survey and lie in a range of sub-microgram per liter. It has been found that the effect of superposition of the spectral lines of the plasma background, for example, OH molecular lines or others, on the analyte lines can be eliminated by subtracting the blank sample spectrum from the analyte spectrum using Atom software. The analytical characteristics of the spectrometer allow the use of the device both for developing new ICP- based systems and restoring the performance of defective ICP spectrometers.

scholarly journals The effect of NPK treatments on the Cu and Fe content of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2013 ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
Zita Burján ◽  
Mariann Móré ◽  
Xénia Czakóné Vágó ◽  
Zoltán Győri
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
Fe Content ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Set Up

In this study the effect of N, P and K nutrients on the Cu and Fe content of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grains was investigated in a long-term fertilization experiment set up in Nagyhörcsök. Samples were also harvested from four experimental stations of the Hungarian national long-term fertilization trials. These are the following: Bicsérd, Iregszemcse, Karcag, and Putnok. Plant samples were collected in 2005 which was very wet. Our results from Nagyhörcsök were compared with the Cu and Fe content of samples which were harvested from control plots of other experimental stations. The Cu and Fe content of grain samples were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) followed by digestion with HNO3-H2O2 solution. All data were subjected to ANOVA, and when significant differences (P<0.05) were detected, Duncan’s test was performed to allow separation of means. The main conclusions are as follows: Cu and Fe content of wheat grains was higher and higher in every NPK treatments. Samples were harvested from the control plots of Iregszemcse and Bicsérd have higher Cu content than the treated samples from Nagyhörcsök.

scholarly journals Grain Reconstruction of Palladium and Palladium-Nickel Alloys for Platinum Catchment

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 236-246
Author(s):  
A. Slagtern Fjellvåg ◽  
D. Waller ◽  
J. Skjelstad ◽  
A. Olafsen Sjåstad
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Plant Reactor

Platinum-rhodium gauzes are frequently used to catalyse the high temperature ammonia oxidation step for production of synthetic nitrogen-based fertilisers. The gauzes suffer from Pt loss in the form of platinum dioxide (PtO2), due to the highly exothermic nature of the oxidation reaction. Industrially this is mitigated by installing one or more palladium-nickel catchment gauzes directly downstream of the combustion gauzes, to capture the lost Pt. The Pd-Ni catchment gauzes undergo severe structural modification during operation. In this study, we undertake a systematic study in a laboratory-scale furnace system to determine the role of each of the constituent gases O2, H2O and PtO2 on the structural changes of the Pd-Ni gauzes. In addition, some samples are exposed to real industrial conditions in an ammonia combustion pilot plant reactor. Fresh and spent catchment gauzes are analysed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy/optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-MS/OES). By combining analysis of samples from furnace and pilot scale experiments, the main findings are that Pd-Ni gauzes undergo internal oxidation to nickel(II) oxide (NiO); which in the presence of steam results in Ni depletion and that PtO2 vapour causes severe grain reconstruction. Furthermore, in laboratory-scale experiments no significant Pd loss is observed, which is in contrast to observations from the pilot plant where the samples are exposed to real post-ammonia oxidation conditions. Pd loss is likely attributed to some gas species contained in the real post-ammonia oxidation gas stream.

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