Flame residence times and rates of weight loss of eucalypt forest fuel particles

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. D. Burrows
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Residence Times ◽  
Fire Behaviour ◽  
Eucalypt Forest ◽  
Round Wood ◽  
Fine Fuels ◽  
Fuel Particles

Shape, size, composition and arrangement of fuel particles within a fuel array significantly affect the way in which wildland fires behave. Australian eucalypt forest fire behaviour models characterise fine fuels according to the quantity burnt in the flaming zone, and the upper size limit for fine fuel particles is somewhat arbitrarily set at 6 mm for the McArthur Forest Fire Danger Meter and 10 mm for the Forest Fire Behaviour Tables for Western Australia. Flame residence time and rate of weight loss during combustion of dry eucalypt leaves and different dimensions of round wood were measured to provide a scientific basis for standardising litter fuel sampling in dry eucalypt forests. Eucalypt leaves burnt at a rate equivalent to a piece of 4 mm diameter round wood, with smaller diameter round wood being the most flammable component of the fuel array. Based on flame residence times of individual fuel particles measured in the laboratory, and eucalypt surface fuel arrays observed in the field, fine litter fuel sampling should be standardised to leaves and round wood less than 6 mm in diameter. This study also enables the determination of the contribution of larger fuel particles to flaming zone combustion and intensity.

The effect of woody fuel characteristics on fuel ignition and consumption: a case study from a eucalypt forest in south-west Western Australia

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 363 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Hollis ◽  
W. L. McCaw ◽  
M. G. Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fire History ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Fuel Load ◽  
Fire Behaviour ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Eucalypt Forest ◽  
Eucalypt Forests ◽  
Fuel Particles

Coarse woody debris (>0.6 cm in diameter) is an important component of the fuel complex in Australian eucalypt forests, influencing both fire behaviour, smoke production and post-fire ecological processes. We investigated how physical characteristics of woody fuel affected ignition and consumption during an experimental fire where the fuel complex characteristics, fire weather and fire behaviour varied within a narrow range. Decay status, bark condition, arrangement, suspension and extent of charring were classified for 2866 coarse woody fuel particles. We used generalised linear model (GLM) analysis to explain ignition success and the extent of consumption of individual particles, with a focus on larger diameter fuels (>7.5 cm in diameter), which comprised 83% of the woody fuel load and 94% of the woody fuel consumed during the flaming and smouldering stages of combustion. Ignition success was best explained by a model that included fuel arrangement (a surrogate of fuel proximity), suspension and decay status. The extent of fuel consumption was greater for pieces in advanced stages of decay, but suspension (inversely related) and arrangement (directly related) also affected the outcome. Forest management practices, previous fire history and other natural disturbances are likely to influence the distribution of pre-fire diameters and suspension classes that characterise large woody fuels at a site, and will therefore influence woody fuel consumption. This has practical implications for quantifying heat release and atmospheric emissions from fires burning in forests with different management histories.

Corrigendum to: The effect of woody fuel characteristics on fuel ignition and consumption: a case study from a eucalypt forest in south-west Western Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 640
Author(s):  
J. J. Hollis ◽  
W. L. McCaw ◽  
M. G. Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fire History ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Fuel Load ◽  
Fire Behaviour ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Eucalypt Forest ◽  
Eucalypt Forests ◽  
Fuel Particles

Coarse woody debris (>0.6cm in diameter) is an important component of the fuel complex in Australian eucalypt forests, influencing both fire behaviour, smoke production and post-fire ecological processes. We investigated how physical characteristics of woody fuel affected ignition and consumption during an experimental fire where the fuel complex characteristics, fire weather and fire behaviour varied within a narrow range. Decay status, bark condition, arrangement, suspension and extent of charring were classified for 2866 coarse woody fuel particles. We used generalised linear model (GLM) analysis to explain ignition success and the extent of consumption of individual particles, with a focus on larger diameter fuels (>7.5cm in diameter), which comprised 83% of the woody fuel load and 94% of the woody fuel consumed during the flaming and smouldering stages of combustion. Ignition success was best explained by a model that included fuel arrangement (a surrogate of fuel proximity), suspension and decay status. The extent of fuel consumption was greater for pieces in advanced stages of decay, but suspension (inversely related) and arrangement (directly related) also affected the outcome. Forest management practices, previous fire history and other natural disturbances are likely to influence the distribution of pre-fire diameters and suspension classes that characterise large woody fuels at a site, and will therefore influence woody fuel consumption. This has practical implications for quantifying heat release and atmospheric emissions from fires burning in forests with different management histories.

scholarly journals MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF RUNNING CROWN FOREST FIRES

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Barovik ◽  
Valery Taranchuk
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Computer Modelling ◽  
Fire Behaviour ◽  
Fire Propagation ◽  
Finite Difference Approximations ◽  
Difference Approximations ◽  
Simplifying Assumptions ◽  
Crown Forest

Adapted mathematical model for simulation of running crown forest fire propagation is considered. Simplifying assumptions, equations of the model, initial and boundary conditions, finite difference approximations are introduced. The results of computer modelling and the peculiarities of forest fire behaviour in heterogeneous forests are discussed.

Project Vesta: Fire in Dry Eucalypt Forest

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
JS Gould ◽  
WL McCaw ◽  
NP Cheney ◽  
PF Ellis ◽  
IK Knight ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Fire Spread ◽  
Fire Behaviour ◽  
Understorey Vegetation ◽  
Eucalypt Forest ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Vegetation Structures ◽  
Eucalypt Forests ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
New Algorithms

Project Vesta was a comprehensive research project to investigate the behaviour and spread of high-intensity bushfires in dry eucalypt forests with different fuel ages and understorey vegetation structures. The project was designed to quantify age-related changes in fuel attributes and fire behaviour in dry eucalypt forests typical of southern Australia. The four main scientific aims of Project Vesta were: To quantify the changes in the behaviour of fire in dry eucalypt forest as fuel develops with age (i.e. time since fire); To characterise wind speed profiles in forest with different overstorey and understorey vegetation structure in relation to fire behaviour; To develop new algorithms describing the relationship between fire spread and wind speed, and fire spread and fuel characteristics including load, structure and height; and to develop a National Fire Behaviour Prediction System for dry eucalypt forests. These aims have been addressed through a program of experimental burning and associated studies at two sites in the south-west of Western Australia.

Analysis of spatial osteochondral heterogeneity in advanced knee osteoarthritis exposes influence of joint alignment

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (562) ◽  
pp. eaba9481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Haberkamp ◽  
Tamás Oláh ◽  
Patrick Orth ◽  
Magali Cucchiarini ◽  
Henning Madry
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Varus Knee ◽  
Varus Malalignment ◽  
Compensatory Mechanisms ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Specific Effects

Osteoarthritis (OA) is considerably affected by joint alignment. Here, we investigate the patterns of spatial osteochondral heterogeneity in patients with advanced varus knee OA together with clinical data. We report strong correlations of osteochondral parameters within individual topographical patterns, highlighting their fundamental and location-dependent interactions in OA. We further identify site-specific effects of varus malalignment on the lesser loaded compartment and, conversely, an unresponsive overloaded compartment. Last, we trace compensatory mechanisms to the overloaded subarticular spongiosa in patients with additional high body weight. We therefore propose to consider and to determine axial alignment in clinical trials when selecting the location to assess structural changes in OA. Together, these findings broaden the scientific basis of therapeutic load redistribution and weight loss in varus knee OA.

Forest fire behaviour in prescribed burns under different environmental conditions in México

2006 ◽  
Vol 234 ◽  
pp. S131 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Germán Flores Garnica ◽  
David A. Moreno González ◽  
Juan de Dios Benavides Solorio
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fire ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Fire Behaviour ◽  
Prescribed Burns

scholarly journals The Haines Index – it's time to revise it or replace it

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Potter
Keyword(s):  
Fire Management ◽  
Wildland Fire ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
The United States ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Original Publication ◽  
Fire Behaviour ◽  
Large Growth ◽  
Wildland Fire Management ◽  
Original Index

The Haines Index is used in wildland fire management to evaluate the potential for ‘large and/or erratic’ fire behaviour. Published in 1988 as the Lower Atmospheric Severity Index, it was widely adopted and has become popular among fire managers, especially in the United States. Meteorologists have questioned its validity, however. This study revisits the original publication to consider the scientific basis of the Index. It then examines subsequent studies of the Index’s performance. The original Index formulation is found to be incomplete. Some studies suggest that, nonetheless, there may be some association of the Index with large growth events. Others indicate that the Index can be negatively correlated with growth in some situations. The Index, at present, lacks a scientific basis and the limited studies examining its value are inconclusive. It is unclear whether it would more appropriately be revised or replaced.

Information Processing and Applied Technology in Hunan’s Forest Fire Risk Regionalization Based on GIS

2014 ◽  
Vol 1046 ◽  
pp. 521-525
Author(s):  
Zhi Gang Han
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Clustering Model ◽  
Applied Technology ◽  
Forest Fire Prevention ◽  
Forest Fire Risk

The paper collects and analysis the forest fire risk factors of Hunan province, determines the weight of each forest fire risk factor, and chooses fire dynamic clustering model. By using the spatial information processing and applied technology of GIS, the map layers in spatial database management are superimposed, and then the forest fire risk regionalization map is obtained. The results provide a scientific basis for forest fire risk forecasting and forest fire prevention decision.

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