Photosynthetic acclimation to high light conditions in mature leaves of Coffea arabica L.: role of xanthophylls, quenching mechanisms and nitrogen nutrition

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
José C. Ramalho ◽  
Thijs L. Pons ◽  
Henri W. Groeneveld ◽  
Helena G. Azinheira ◽  
M. Antonieta Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
High Light ◽  
Photosynthetic Acclimation ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Quenching Mechanisms ◽  
Coffea Arabica L

Photosynthetic acclimation to high light conditions in mature leaves of Coffea arabica L.: role of xanthophylls, quenching mechanisms and nitrogen nutrition

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
José C. Ramalho ◽  
Thijs L. Pons ◽  
Henri W. Groeneveld ◽  
Helena G. Azinheira ◽  
M. Antonieta Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
High Energy ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Quenching Mechanisms ◽  
N Treatment ◽  
Coffea Arabica L

Young coffee plants (Coffea arabica L. cv. Catuaí), originally from a shaded habitat, were separated in three groups to be grown under different levels of N fertilization: 0.3 mmol N supplements were given to the soil every 7 days (high N treatment, 2N), every 15 days (medium N treatment, 1N) and every 45 days (low N treatment, 0N). These plants were later exposed to a high sunlight irradiance (noon PPFD up to 1500 µmol m–2 s–1 ) for a period of 12 or 15 days. Among others, the values of electron trans-port capacity, maximum carboxylation activity, photosynthetic capacity (Amax) and several fluorescence parameters (Fv/Fm, Fv´/Fm´, qP, &phis;e) first showed a reduction (until the 4th–7th day) in all N treatments, followed by an N-dependent recovery. The 2N plants were less affected in the first few days and, at the end of the stress period, showed a better recovery for most of the studied parameters and the highest increase in the saturating PPFD for net photosynthesis and A max . The present work shows that the ability to acclimate displayed by the mature leaves of 2N plants was accompanied by an increase in energy dis-sipation mechanisms. These include an increase in the ‘high energy’ quenching and, mostly, the presence of higher contents of some xanthophylls (zeaxanthin and lutein) and carotenes, which helped to decrease the energetic overcharge in the photosystems. Pigment changes in mature leaves suggest that N can promote specific mechanisms of acclimation others than those that might be expected from a preferential partition of the element N into photosynthetic components.

scholarly journals Hydromorphologic Sorting of In-Stream Nitrogen Uptake Across Spatial Scales

Ecosystems ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ute Risse-Buhl ◽  
Christine Anlanger ◽  
Christian Noss ◽  
Andreas Lorke ◽  
Daniel von Schiller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scales ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
High Light ◽  
Environmental Constraints ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Biogeochemical Fluxes ◽  
Epilithic Biofilms ◽  
Lower Biomass

AbstractNitrogen (N) uptake is a key process in stream ecosystems that is mediated mainly by benthic microorganisms (biofilms on different substrata) and has implications for the biogeochemical fluxes at catchment scale and beyond. Here, we focused on the drivers of assimilatory N uptake, especially the effects of hydromorphology and other environmental constraints, across three spatial scales: micro, meso and reach. In two seasons (summer and spring), we performed whole-reach 15N-labelled ammonium injection experiments in two montane, gravel-bed stream reaches with riffle–pool sequences. N uptake was highest in epilithic biofilms, thallophytes and roots (min–max range 0.2–545.2 mg N m−2 day−1) and lowest in leaves, wood and fine benthic organic matter (0.05–209.2 mg N m−2 day−1). At the microscale, N uptake of all primary uptake compartments except wood was higher in riffles than in pools. At the mesoscale, hydromorphology determined the distribution of primary uptake compartments, with fast-flowing riffles being dominated by biologically more active compartments and pools being dominated by biologically less active compartments. Despite a lower biomass of primary uptake compartments, mesoscale N uptake was 1.7–3.0 times higher in riffles than in pools. At reach scale, N uptake ranged from 79.6 to 334.1 mg N m−2 day−1. Highest reach-scale N uptake was caused by a bloom of thallopyhtes, mainly filamentous autotrophs, during stable low discharge and high light conditions. Our results reveal the important role of hydromorphologic sorting of primary uptake compartments at mesoscale as a controlling factor for reach-scale N uptake in streams.

Salt-induced accumulation of glycine betaine is inhibited by high light in durum wheat

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petronia Carillo ◽  
Danila Parisi ◽  
Pasqualina Woodrow ◽  
Giovanni Pontecorvo ◽  
Giuseppina Massaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Glycine Betaine ◽  
High Light ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Salt Treatment ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Triticum Durum Desf ◽  
Tyrosine Content

In this study, we determined the effects of both salinity and high light on the metabolism of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf. cv. Ofanto) seedlings, with a special emphasis on the potential role of glycine betaine in their protection. Unexpectedly, it appears that high light treatment inhibits the synthesis of glycine betaine, even in the presence of salt stress. Additional solutes such as sugars and especially amino acids could partially compensate for the decrease in its synthesis upon exposure to high light levels. In particular, tyrosine content was strongly increased by high light, this effect being enhanced by salt treatment. Interestingly, a large range of well-known detoxifying molecules were also not induced by salt treatment in high light conditions. Taken together, our results question the role of glycine betaine in salinity tolerance under light conditions close to those encountered by durum wheat seedlings in their natural environment and suggest the importance of other mechanisms, such as the accumulation of minor amino acids.

scholarly journals Photoprotection and triplet energy transfer in higher plants: the role of electronic and nuclear fluctuations

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 11288-11296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Cupellini ◽  
Sandro Jurinovich ◽  
Ingrid G. Prandi ◽  
Stefano Caprasecca ◽  
Benedetta Mennucci
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Excess Energy ◽  
High Light ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Triplet Energy ◽  
Photosynthetic Organisms ◽  
Triplet Energy Transfer

Photosynthetic organisms employ several photoprotection strategies to avoid damage due to the excess energy in high light conditions.

scholarly journals Crosstalk between Ethylene and ABA during changes in soil water content reveals a role of ACC in coffee anthesis regulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlon Enrique Lopez ◽  
Iasminy Silva Santos ◽  
Robert Marquez Gutierrez ◽  
Andrea Jaramillo Mesa ◽  
Carlos Henrique Cardon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Acc Oxidase ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Environmental Stimulus ◽  
Ethylene Content ◽  
Aba Content ◽  
Coffea Arabica L ◽  
Exogenous Supply

Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) presents an asynchronous flowering regulated by endogenous and environmental stimulus, and anthesis occurs once plants are rehydrated after a period of water deficit. We evaluated the evolution of Abscisic Acid (ABA), ethylene, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) content, ACC oxidase (ACO) activity, and expression analysis of the Lysine Histidine Transporter 1 (LHT1) transporter, in roots, leaves and, flower buds from three coffee genotypes (Coffea arabica L. cv Oeiras, Acaua, and Semperflorens) cultivated under field conditions with two experiments. In a third field experiment, the effect of exogenous supply of ACC in coffee anthesis was evaluated. We found an increased ACC level in all tissues from the three coffee genotypes in the re-watering period just before anthesis for all tissues and high expression of the LHT1 gene in flower buds and leaves. Ethylene content and ACO activity decreased from rainy to dry period whereas ABA content increased. Higher number of opened and G6 stage flower buds were observed in the treatment with exogenous ACC. The results showed that the interaction of ABA-ACO-ethylene and intercellular ACC transport among leaves, buds, and roots in coffee favors an increased level of ACC that is most likely, involved as a modulator in coffee anthesis.

scholarly journals Mites and leaf domatia: no evidence of mutualism in Coffea arabica plants

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Quevedo Romero ◽  
Rodrigo Damasco Daud ◽  
Adriana Trevizoli Salomão ◽  
Luiz Fernando Martins ◽  
Reinaldo José Fazzio Feres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Phytophagous Mites ◽  
Coffea Arabica L

We conducted experiments by blocking off pit-like domatia from old and new leaves of Coffea arabica L., using tiny resin drops, to investigate the role of domatia on i) mite abundance at the community level and on ii) leaf damages. More than 77% of the mites collected were predators, whereas 19 and 3.3% were omnivores and phytophages, respectively. Domatia blockage treatment had no influence either on mite abundances or leaf damages. However, predatory and omnivorous mites were more abundant on new than on the old leaves; phytophagous mites occurred at very low density and occupied only plants having open domatia. The absence of mutualism between mites and C. arabica probably occurred because the entrances of domatia were too small and did not enable the entry of fitoseid predators in these structures.

scholarly journals Epistatic Interactions Influencing Anthocyanin Gene Expression in Capsicum annuum

2007 ◽  
Vol 132 (6) ◽  
pp. 824-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon J. Lightbourn ◽  
John R. Stommel ◽  
Robert J. Griesbach
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
High Light ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Anthocyanin Accumulation ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Anthocyanin Concentration

Anthocyanin pigmentation in leaves, flowers, and fruit imparts violet to black color and enhances both ornamental and culinary appeal. Shades of violet to black pigmentation in Capsicum annuum L. are attributed to anthocyanin accumulation. Anthocyanin production is markedly influenced by numerous environmental factors, including temperature and light stress. The objective of this study was to determine the genetic basis for differences in C. annuum anthocyanin content in response to varying environments. Growth experiments conducted under controlled environment conditions demonstrated that anthocyanin concentration was significantly higher in mature leaves in comparison with immature leaves under high light (435 μmol·s−1·m−2) conditions. High (30 °C day/25 °C night) versus low (20 °C day/15 °C night) temperature had no significant effect on anthocyanin concentration regardless of leaf maturity stage. Foliar anthocyanin concentration in plants grown under short days (10 h) with low light intensity (215 μmol·s−1·m−2) was significantly less than under long days (16 h) with low light. Under high light intensity, daylength had no effect on anthocyanin content. Three structural genes [chalcone synthase (Chs), dihydroflavonol reductase (Dfr), anthocyanin synthase (Ans)] and three regulatory genes (Myc, MybA , Wd40) were selected for comparison under inductive and noninductive environmental conditions for anthocyanin accumulation. Expression of Chs, Dfr, and Ans was significantly higher in mature leaves in comparison with younger leaves. Consistent with anthocyanin concentration, temperature had no effect on structural gene expression, whereas light positively influenced expression. Under low light conditions, temperature had no effect on Myc, MybA , and Wd40 expression; whereas under high light conditions, temperature only had an effect on MybA expression. The study of anthocyanin leaf pigmentation in C. annuum under inductive and noninductive environments provides a new approach for elucidating the molecular genetic basis of epistatic gene interactions and the resulting phenotypic plasticity.

scholarly journals Essential Role of Acyl-ACP Synthetase in Acclimation of the CyanobacteriumSynechococcus elongatusStrain PCC 7942 to High-Light Conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 1608-1615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuyuki Takatani ◽  
Kazuhide Use ◽  
Akihiro Kato ◽  
Kazutaka Ikeda ◽  
Kouji Kojima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Role ◽  
High Light ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Pcc 7942
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