Soil acidification in urine affected and urea affected soil

Soil Research ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 989 ◽  
Author(s):  
AS Black
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Urea Solution ◽  
Acid Neutralization ◽  
Subsurface Layers ◽  
Ph Decrease ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Surface Soil Ph ◽  
Sheep Urine

Return of sheep urine (2.2 g N L-1) and urea solutions (0, 6, 9 and 12 g N L-1) to a red podzolic soil in pot experiments resulted in acidification following nitrification. The pH decrease in 0 to 10 cm soil ranged from 0.2 to 0.8 units with the decrease being linearly related (r2 = 0.96, P < 0.01) to the NO3- produced which generally increased with N return. Acid subsurface layers developed in all urine/urea treatments within 6 to 10 weeks following urea-N return. During subsequent plant growth, between 0 and 78% of acid released from urine/urea solution treatments was neutralized. Neutralization was greatest at low rates of N return and when NO-3 was not removed from the soil by leaching before plant uptake. The trend in the relationship between N uptake by plants and acid neutralization was not significant. As a result of plant growth in control pots, the surface soil pH decreased, while in the subsurface layers the pH increased. Based on the extent of acidification observed here, urinary return to grazed pastures could lead to a pH decrease in the surface 10 cm of soil of up to 0.5 units over a 10 year period.

scholarly journals Effect of different levels of humic acids on the nutrient content, plant growth, and soil properties under conditions of salinity

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 21-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Khaled ◽  
H.A. Fawy
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Nutrient Elements ◽  
A Minor

In this study, the effects were investigated of salinity, foliar and soil applications of humic substances on the growth and mineral nutrients uptake of Corn (Hagein, Fardy10), and the comparison was carried out of the soil and foliar applications of humic acid treatments at different NaCl levels. Soil organic contents are one of the most important parts that they directly affect the soil fertility and textures with their complex and heterogenous structures although they occupy a minor percentage of the soil weight. Humic acids are an important soil component that can improve nutrient availability and impact on other important chemical, biological, and physical properties of soils. The effects of foliar and soil applications of humic substances on the plant growth and some nutrient elements uptake of Corn (Hagein, Fardy10) grown at various salt concentrations were examined. Sodium chloride was added to the soil to obtain 20 and 60mM saline conditions. Solid humus was applied to the soil one month before planting and liquid humic acids were sprayed on the leaves twice on 20<sup>th</sup> and 40<sup>th</sup> day after seedling emergence. The application doses of solid humus were 0, 2 and 4 g/kg and those of liquid humic acids were 0, 0.1 and 0.2%. Salinity negatively affected the growth of corn; it also decreased the dry weight and the uptake of nutrient elements except for Na and Mn. Soil application of humus increased the N uptake of corn while foliar application of humic acids increased the uptake of P, K, Mg,Na,Cu and Zn. Although the effect of interaction between salt and soil humus application was found statistically significant, the interaction effect between salt and foliar humic acids treatment was not found significant. Under salt stress, the first doses of both soil and foliar application of humic substances increased the uptake of nutrients.

scholarly journals EFFICIENCY OF PLANT IRRADIATION IN PROTECTED GROUND STRUCTURES

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 100-105
Author(s):  
R.R. Galiullin ◽  
◽  
R.S. Aipov ◽  
R.B. Yarullin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Analytic Expression ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ground Structures ◽  
Led Irradiation ◽  
Irradiation Facilities

The advantage of LED lamps over conventional means of plant irradiation is described. An analytic expression is proposed to determine the relationship between LED lamp characteristics and plant parameters such as the stem growth and biomass. The formula also identifies the plant growth phase, which is crucial in development of automated energy-saving LED irradiation facilities for greenhouses.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF GIBBERELLIN AND AUXIN IN PLANT GROWTH

1964 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUSUMU KURAISHI ◽  
ROBERT M. MUIR
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Agronomic Performance of Organic Processing Tomato as Affected by Different Cover Crop Residues Management

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abou Chehade ◽  
Antichi ◽  
Martelloni ◽  
Frasconi ◽  
Sbrana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
No Till

No-till practices reduce soil erosion, conserve soil organic carbon, and enhance soil fertility. Yet, many factors could limit their adoption in organic farming. The present study investigated the effects of tillage and cover cropping on weed biomass, plant growth, yield, and fruit quality of an organic processing tomato (Solanum lycopersicon L. var. Elba F1) over two seasons (2015–2017). We compared systems where processing tomato was transplanted on i) tilled soil following or not a winter cover crop (Trifolium squarrosum L.) and with/without a biodegradable plastic mulch; and ii) no-till where clover was used, after rolling and flaming, as dead mulch. Tomato in no-till suffered from high weed competition and low soil nitrogen availability leading to lower plant growth, N uptake, and yield components with respect to tilled systems. The total yield in no-till declined to 6.8 and 18.3 t ha−1 in 2016 and 2017, respectively, with at least a 65% decrease compared to tilled clover-based systems. No evidence of growth-limiting soil compaction was noticed but a slightly higher soil resistance was in the no-till topsoil. Tillage and cover crop residues did not significantly change tomato quality (pH, total soluble solids, firmness). The incorporation of clover as green manure was generally more advantageous over no-till. This was partly due to the low performance of the cover crop where improvement may limit the obstacles (i.e., N supply and weed infestation) and enable the implementation of no-till in organic vegetable systems.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alleviate abiotic stresses in potato plants caused by low phosphorus and deficit irrigation/partial root-zone drying

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caixia Liu ◽  
Sabine Ravnskov ◽  
Fulai Liu ◽  
Gitte H. Rubæk ◽  
Mathias N. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Low Phosphorus

AbstractDeficit irrigation (DI) improves water use efficiency (WUE), but the reduced water input often limits plant growth and nutrient uptake. The current study examined whether arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) could alleviate abiotic stress caused by low phosphorus (P) fertilization and DI.A greenhouse experiment was conducted with potato grown with (P1) or without (P0) P fertilization, with AMF (M1+:Rhizophagus irregularisor M2+:Glomus proliferum) or AMF-free control (M−) and subjected to full irrigation (FI), DI or partial root-zone drying (PRD).Inoculation of M1+ and M2+ maintained or improved plant growth and P/nitrogen (N) uptake when subjected to DI/PRD and P0. However, the positive responses to AMF varied with P level and irrigation regime. Functional differences were found in ability of AMF species alleviating plant stress. The largest positive plant biomass response to M1+ and M2+ was found under FI, both at P1 and P0 (25% increase), while plant biomass response to M1+ and M2+ under DI/PRD (14% increase) was significantly smaller. The large growth response to AMF inoculation, particularly under FI, may relate to greater photosynthetic capacity and leaf area, probably caused by stimulation of plant P/N uptake and carbon partitioning toward roots and tubers. However, plant growth response to AMF was not related to the percentage of AMF root colonization. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can maintain and improve P/N uptake, WUE and growth of plants both at high/low P levels and under FI/DI. If this is also the case under field conditions, it should be implemented for sustainable potato production.

scholarly journals Correlation of Defect-Related Optoelectronic Properties inZn5(OH)6(CO3)2/ZnO Nanostructures with Their Quasi-Fractal Dimensionality

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Antonio Paramo ◽  
Yuri M. Strzhemechny ◽  
Tamio Endo ◽  
Zorica Crnjak Orel
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Morphology ◽  
Relative Concentration ◽  
Fractal Dimensionality ◽  
Optoelectronic Properties ◽  
Growth Time ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Phase Crystal ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Subsurface Layers ◽  
The Relationship

Hydrozincite (Zn5(OH)6(CO3)2) is, among others, a popular precursor used to synthesize nanoscale ZnO with complex morphologies. For many existing and potential applications utilizing nanostructures, performance is determined by the surface and subsurface properties. Current understanding of the relationship between the morphology and the defect properties of nanocrystalline ZnO and hydrozincite systems is still incomplete. Specifically, for the latter nanomaterial the structure-property correlations are largely unreported in the literature despite the extensive use of hydrozincite in the synthesis applications. In our work, we addressed this issue by studying precipitated nanostructures of Zn5(OH)6(CO3)2with varying quasi-fractal dimensionalities containing relatively small amounts of a ZnO phase. Crystal morphology of the samples was accurately controlled by the growth time. We observed a strong correlation between the morphology of the samples and their optoelectronic properties. Our results indicate that a substantial increase of the free surface in the nanocrystal samples generates higher relative concentration of defects, consistent with the model of defect-rich surface and subsurface layers.

The role of N transformations in the formation of acidic subsurface layers in stock urine patches

Soil Research ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 221 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Condon ◽  
A. S. Black ◽  
M. K. Conyers
Keyword(s):  
Soil Surface ◽  
Urea Hydrolysis ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Urea Solution ◽  
Nitrogen Transformations ◽  
N Transformations ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Subsurface Layers ◽  
Dominant Process

This study examines the role of nitrogen transformations in the acidification of soil under stock urine patches, specifically the formation of acidic subsurface layers. These are horizontal planes of acidity several centimetres below the soil surface. Glasshouse studies were conducted to relate nitrogen transformations to measured pH changes in soil treated with urine or urea solution (simulated urine). Acidic subsurface layers formed in both urine- and simulated urine-treated soil. With the development of a H+ balance model, the contribution of nitrogen transformations to changes in the H+ concentrations in simulated urine patches was determined.During the first 9 days following treatment, urea hydrolysis and NH3 volatilisation dominated changes in H+ concentration. After that, net immobilisation contributed to H+ changes; however, nitrification was the dominant process occurring. Downward movement of NH4+ originating from urea hydrolysis allowed more nitrification to occur in lower soil layers. The net result of these processes was net acidification of the 4–6, 6–8, and 8–10 cm layers by approximately 0.7, 0.6, and 0.3 pH units, respectively. Thus nitrogen transformations were responsible for the formation of acidic subsurface layers in simulated stock urine patches within 6 weeks of application.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document