The long-term effects of lime (CaCO3), gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O), and tillage on the physical and chemical properties of a sodic red-brown earth

Soil Research ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1307 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. P. Valzano ◽  
B. W. Murphy ◽  
R. S. B. Greene
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Available Water Content ◽  
Penetrometer Resistance

In 1994 a long-term field trial with 9 lime–gypsum combinations and 2 tillage treatments (reduced tillage and direct drill) was established on a sodic red-brown earth soil [surface pH(water) 6.5] at a property near Peak Hill, NSW, Australia. The lime-gypsum treatments were: L0G0 (lime 0 t/ha, gypsum 0 t/ha), L0G1, L0G2.5, L0G5, L1G0, L2.5G0, L5G0, L1G1, and L2.5G1. After 3 years, higher rates of lime and gypsum or their combinations significantly (P < 0.01) increased exchangeable and soluble calcium and decreased exchangeable and soluble sodium in the 0–100 mm layer of the soil. Gypsum was found to decrease the total soluble cation concentration (TCC) in some instances, while lime maintained TCC at 1995 levels. Soil pH was significantly higher on all lime plots and electrical conductivity was slightly higher on plots treated with lime than on control plots. Organic carbon levels were significantly higher in plots with gypsum and high levels of the lime–gypsum combination (L2.5G1). The effectiveness of the lime treatments was influenced by the initial soil pH (as suggested by the findings of other studies). The lime, and to a lesser extent the gypsum treatments, improved the physical properties of the soil as measured by the Emerson aggregate test, penetrometer resistance, infiltration, and water availability. A tillage effect was also present resulting in less dispersion, decreased penetrometer resistance, and higher infiltration rates in plots prepared with reduced tillage practices than direct drill plots. Plant-available water content (AWC) was significantly higher in the surface soil of plots treated with L2.5G1 than control treatments. The L5G0 and L0G5 treatments did not significantly improve the AWC. Crop yields were increased by some of the lime–gypsum treatments in both 1995 and 1996. Corresponding with the increased AWC, the L2.5G1 treatment produced the highest crop yields. Plots with reduced tillage had consistently higher yields than those with direct drill treatment.

LONG-TERM EFFECT OF DEEP PLOWING SOLONETZIC SOIL ON CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND CROP YIELD

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. McANDREW ◽  
S. S. MALHI
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Solonetzic Soil ◽  
Ap Horizon ◽  
Deep Plowing

Deep plowing (DP) has been investigated as a possible ameliorative procedure for Solonetzic soils, but the long-term effects of DP on soil properties are not known. Soil sampling to determine the long-lasting effects of DP on some soil chemical properties and crop yields was conducted at four sites with Solonetzic soils in east-central Alberta. The soils had been deep plowed 11–29 yr prior to sampling. Compared to adjacent unplowed (check) treatments, DP resulted in significant improvements in soil chemical properties at most of the sites. The sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of the AB horizon (12- or 15- to 30-cm depth) was lower after DP at all four sites. Extractable and soluble Ca increased in the Ap horizon (0–12 cm) of DP soils, whereas extractable Na decreased in the Ap or AB horizons at three sites. The pH of the Ap horizon increased from acidic to neutral at three sites, while EC of the Ap horizon decreased at two sites. Crop yield increased due to DP at the three sites where yields were measured. The results indicate a long-term amelioration of Solonetzic soils by DP. Key words: Amelioration, deep plowing, deep tillage, sodic soil

LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF AN OIL PIPELINE INSTALLATION ON SOIL PRODUCTIVITY

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. B. CULLEY ◽  
B. K. DOW
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Soil Mixing ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
Period Effects ◽  
Alfalfa Field

Crop yields and heights and soil chemical properties on and immediately adjacent to an oil pipeline right-of-way (ROW) were monitored over a 10-yr period. Effects of soil mixing on chemical properties were still apparent despite good crop management. With the exception of alfalfa, field crop yields on the ROW were reduced by an average of 28% 10 yr after installation. Key words: Soil mixing, degradation, crop heights

scholarly journals Short- and Long-Term Effects of Lime and Gypsum Applications on Acid Soils in a Water-Limited Environment: 2. Soil Chemical Properties

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1987
Author(s):  
Geoffrey C. Anderson ◽  
Shahab Pathan ◽  
James Easton ◽  
David J. M. Hall ◽  
Rajesh Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Al Toxicity ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Impact

Soil acidity or aluminum (Al) toxicity is a major limitation to crop production. In this paper, we examine the effects of surface-applied lime and gypsum on soil profile chemical properties that affect Al toxicity in short-term (1 year), medium-term (2 years and 8 months) and long-term (10 years) experiments. Sulfate applied to the soil surface as gypsum was leached rapidly to a depth of 40 cm in the short-term despite relatively low amounts (279 mm) of rainfall. In the medium and long-term experiments, 28–54% of the sulfate applied as gypsum was retained in the 0–50 cm soil layer due to adsorption and precipitation reactions. The combined application of lime and gypsum increased soil calcium, to a depth of 30 cm in the short-term and to a depth of 50 cm in the medium and long-terms. Increases in soil sulfate and calcium were associated with greater electrical conductivity to a depth of 50 cm for all sampling times. Application of lime alone had no impact on soil Al, pH, and calcium in the soil layers below 10 cm in the short and medium terms. In the long-term, increasing the rate of lime application from 2 to 8 t L ha−1 increased soil pH in the 10–20 cm soil layer while soil Al decreased to a depth of 30 cm. The combined use of lime and gypsum decreased soil Al in the 30–50 cm soil layer in the medium-term and the 20–30 cm soil layer in the long-term which was more than when only lime was applied. Hence, we recommend the use of lime plus gypsum for treating soils with subsoil Al toxicity. Additionally, soil Al measurements are a more sensitive measurement of the impact of surface application lime and lime plus gypsum than soil pH.

Nutrient cycling differs between cropped soils with century-old and recently pyrolyzed biochar

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Burgeon ◽  
Julien Fouché ◽  
Sarah Garré ◽  
Ramin Heidarian-Dehkordi ◽  
Gilles Colinet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation

&lt;p&gt;The amendment of biochar to soils is often considered for its potential as a climate change mitigation and adaptation tool through agriculture. Its presence in tropical agroecosystems has been reported to positively impact soil productivity whilst successfully storing C on the short&amp;#8201;and long-term. In temperate systems, recent research showed limited to no effect on productivity following recent biochar addition to soils. Its long-term effects on productivity and nutrient cycling have, however, been overlooked yet are essential before the use of biochar can be generalized.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Our study was set up in a conventionally cropped field, containing relict charcoal kiln sites used as a model for century old biochar (CoBC, ~220 years old). These sites were compared to soils amended with recently pyrolyzed biochar (YBC) and biochar free soils (REF) to study nutrient dynamics in the soil-water-plant system. Our research focused on soil chemical properties, crop nutrient uptake and soil solution nutrient concentrations. Crop plant samples were collected over three consecutive land occupations (chicory, winter wheat and a cover crop) and soil solutions gathered through the use of suctions cups inserted in different horizons of the studied Luvisol throughout the field.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Our results showed that YBC mainly influenced the soil solution composition whereas CoBC mainly impacted the total and plant available soil nutrient content. In soils with YBC, our results showed lower nitrate and potassium concentrations in subsoil horizons, suggesting a decreased leaching, and higher phosphate concentrations in topsoil horizons. With time and the oxidation of biochar particles, our results reported higher total soil N, available K and Ca in the topsoil horizon when compared to REF, whereas available P was significantly smaller. Although significant changes occurred in terms of plant available nutrient contents and soil solution nutrient concentrations, this did not transcend in variations in crop productivity between soils for neither of the studied crops. Overall, our study highlights that young or aged biochar behave as two distinct products in terms of nutrient cycling in soils. As such the sustainability of these soils differ and their management must therefore evolve with time.&lt;/p&gt;

Long-term effects of lime application on soil acidity and crop yields on a red soil in Central Zhejiang

2004 ◽  
Vol 265 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 101-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Cifu ◽  
Lu Xiaonan ◽  
Cao Zhihong ◽  
Hu Zhengyi ◽  
Ma Wanzhu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Red Soil ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Lime Application

scholarly journals Linking floral biodiversity with nitrogen and carbon translocations in semi-natural grasslands in Lithuani

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-146
Author(s):  
Saulius Marcinkonis ◽  
Birutė Karpavičienė ◽  
Michael A. Fullen
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cover ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Specific System ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Natural Grasslands ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Grassland Communities

AbstractThe aim of the present study is to evaluate the long-term effects of long-term piggery effluent application on semi-natural grassland ecotop-phytotop changes (above- and below-ground phytomass production, and carbon and nitrogen allocation in grassland communities) in relation to changes (or variability) in topsoil properties. Analysis of phytomass distribution in piggery effluent irrigated grassland communities showed that dry biomass yield varied from 1.7−5.3 t ha-1. Variability in soil and plant cover created a unique and highly unpredictable site specific system, where long-term anthropogenic influences established successor communities with specific characteristics of above- and below-ground biomass distribution. These characteristics depend more on grassland communities than on soil chemical properties. Families of grasses (Poaceae) dominated the surveyed communities and accumulated most carbon and least nitrogen, while legumes accumulated most nitrogen and lignin and least carbon. Carbon concentrations in above-ground biomass had minor variations, while accumulation of nitrogen was strongly influenced by species diversity (r = 0.94, n = 10, p <0.001) and production of above-ground biomass

Comparison of soil CO2 emissions from three different tillage methods on chernozem soil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márton Dencső ◽  
Ágota Horel ◽  
Zsófia Bakacsi ◽  
Eszter Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Chernozem Soil ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Tillage Methods

&lt;p&gt;Tillage practices influence soil CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emissions, hence many research investigate the long-term effects of conservation and conventional tillage methods e.g. ploughing and no-tillage on soil greenhouse gas emission.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The experiment site is an 18-years-old long-term tillage trial established on chernozem soil. During 2020, we took weekly CO&lt;sub&gt;2 &lt;/sub&gt;emission measurements in the mouldboard ploughing (MP), no-tillage (NT), and shallow cultivation (SC) treatments Tillage depth was 26-30 cm, 12-16 cm and 0 cm in the cases of MP, SC and NT respectively. The experiment was under wither oat cultivation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We investigated the similarity in the CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emission trends of SC to MP or NT treatments. Besides CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emission measurements, we also monitored environmental parameters such as soil temperature (Ts) and soil water content (SWC) in each treatment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;During the investigated year (2020 January - December) SC had higher annual mean CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emission (0.115&amp;#177;0.083 mg m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; s&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;) compared to MP (0.099&amp;#177;0.089 mg m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; s&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;) and lower compared to NT (0.119&amp;#177;0.100 mg m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; s&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;). The difference of the CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emissions was significant between SC and MP (p&lt;0.05); however, it was not significant between SC and NT (p&gt;0.05) treatments. The Ts dependency of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emission was moderate in all treatments. CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emissions were moderately depended on SWC in MP and SC, and there was no correlation between these parameters in NT.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The annual mean CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emission of the SC treatment was more similar to the NT, than to the MP treatment.&lt;/p&gt;

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