Seasonal storage and release of phosphorus and potassium by organic matter and the microbial biomass in a high producing pastoral soil

Soil Research ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 593 ◽  
Author(s):  
KW Perrott ◽  
SU Sarathchandra ◽  
JE Waller
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Grazed Pasture ◽  
Organic Debris ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
One Year

Seasonal and fertilizer effects on forms of soil phosphorus and potassium, partially decomposed organic debris and enzyme activities were studied over 2 years on a highly fertile yellow-brown loam (Typic Vitrandept) under grazed pasture. Fertilizer topdressing (potassic superphosphate) increased total inorganic phosphorus, NaHCO3-extractable inorganic phosphorus and NaHCO3- extractable potassium, but did not affect organic forms of phosphorus, microbial biomass potassium and phosphorus, or organic debris. Labile organic phosphorus (extracted by NaHCO3), microbial phosphorus and potassium, and organic debris accumulated over winter and declined in spring. Inter-year differences in climatic factors appeared to influence this basic pattern. Amounts of phosphorus released from labile organic and microbial phosphorus during spring were large (totalling 29 kg P ha-1 in one year) and could contribute substantially to plant P requirements. Mechanisms are proposed to explain the observed seasonal patterns in these soil characteristics. These include changes in the relative amounts of the fungal and bacterial components of the soil biomass during winter, mineralization of labile PI in spring due to increased bacterial growth and activity promoted by plant growth, and the subsequent release of P and K from the microbial biomass as a result of bacterial 'grazing' by protozoa.

Seasonal and fertilizer effects on the organic cycle and microbial biomass in a hill country soil under pasture

Soil Research ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 383 ◽  
Author(s):  
KW Perrott ◽  
SU Sarathchandra ◽  
BW Dow
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Soil Microbial

A two year investigation of soil phosphorus and the soil organic cycle was carried out on a typical hill country site in the North Island, New Zealand. This included investigation of changes in soil phosphorus, as well as seasonal and fertilizer (superphosphate) effects on soil microbial phosphorus and sulfur, sodium bicarbonate extractable phosphorus and calcium chloride extractable sulfur. No net utilization of soil organic phosphorus occurred when application of phosphate fertilizer was withheld. On the contrary, accumulation of organic phosphorus was found in both fertilized and unfertilized plots. Immobilization of inorganic phosphorus into organic forms appeared to be a significant factor in fertilizer phosphorus requirements at this site. It was also a significant cause of the decline in the soil phosphorus status when no fertilizer was applied. Despite declining pasture production, there were no effects of withholding superphosphate on the soil biological cycle as measured by soil microbial phosphorus and sulfur, total organic phosphorus and sodium bicarbonate extractable organic phosphorus. However, seasonal variations occurred indicating storage and release of phosphorus by the soil organic matter and microbial biomass. Release of phosphorus occurred during periods of rapid pasture growth and could account for phosphorus uptake by the pasture at those times.

An attempted fractionation of the soil phosphorus

1938 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Dean
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Extracts ◽  
Soil Calcium ◽  
Soluble Phosphorus ◽  
Total Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Continued Use ◽  
Phosphatic Fertilizers

1. Extractions of soils with sodium hydroxide, followed by an acid, have been used in an attempt to fractionate the soil phosphorus.2. Colorimetric methods for the estimation of the organic and inorganic phosphorus in alkali soil extracts have been suggested.3. The amount of soil phosphorus soluble in sodium hydroxide is affected by the active soil calcium. It is suggested that sodium-saturated soils be used when studying the alkali-soluble phosphorus.4. The acid-soluble phosphorus remaining in soil after extraction with sodium hydroxide was determined. This fraction appears by analogy to be similar to the apatites.5. The largest fraction of the total soil phosphorus was not dissolved by the sodium hydroxide and acid extractions. This fraction was not increased by the long-continued use of phosphatic fertilizers at Rothamsted and Woburn.6. Relatively large amounts of organic phosphorus were found in soils and the amounts were closely related to the carbon contents.

Variation in Soil Phosphorus Forms in Larix olgensis Plantations in Eastern Montane Area of Northeast China

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 4801-4805
Author(s):  
Li Xin Chen ◽  
Wen Biao Duan
Keyword(s):  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Larix Olgensis ◽  
Phosphorus Forms ◽  
Mature Stand

Variation in total phosphorus (TP), available phosphorus (AP), the forms of organic phosphorus (OP) and inorganic phosphorus (IP) in rhizosphere soil (RS) and non-rhizosphere soil (NRS) at different development stages in larch (Larix olgensis) plantations was quantitively studied through field investigation, chemical analysis and statistical test. The results indicated that: AP, O-P (occluded phosphate), TP, OP in RS exhibited a significantly or apparently decreased tendency over stand age, but IP, Ca-P (phosphate combined with calcium) and Fe-P (phosphate combined with Ferrum) in RS presented a significantly or apparently increased trend when stand age increased; Ca-P in NRS increased when stand age became larger; Fe-P in half-mature stand (HMS), AP and Fe-P in near mature stand (NMS), AP and Ca-P in mature stand (MS) in NRS was higher than in RS

A METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS IN SOILS AND SOIL EXTRACTS

1939 ◽  
Vol 17b (7) ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Wrenshall ◽  
W. J. Dyer
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Ammonium Hydroxide ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Colour Reaction ◽  
Soil Extracts ◽  
The Difference

Dissolved organic phosphorus may be determined, even in highly coloured alkaline soil extracts, by the application of photoelectric colorimetry to the ceruleomolybdate colour reaction of phosphate ions. Total organic phosphorus may be extracted from soil with 4 N hydrochloric acid followed by treatment of the residue with 3 N ammonium hydroxide. Inorganic phosphorus is determined by direct colorimetry in the acid extract and in the acidified alkaline extract. Total phosphorus is determined similarly in each extract after ignition. The difference between total and inorganic phosphorus is equivalent to the organically combined phosphorus content of the soil sample.The soil organic phosphorus was found to be stable under these treatments. A considerable proportion of the organic phosphorus is extracted by acid, and the total soil phosphorus is almost completely extracted by the two treatments with 4 N hydrochloric acid and 3 N ammonium hydroxide.

scholarly journals Utilisation of inorganic and organic soil phosphorus in a hill country soil

1992 ◽  
pp. 65-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.W. Perrott
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Phosphate Rock Residues

Changes in phosphorus (P) fractions of unfertilised and fertilised (superphosphate) soil were investigated over five years at a hill country site near Te Kuiti. Only soil inorganic P (Pi) reserves were utilised for plant uptake when superphosphate was withheld at the site. Immobilisation of P as soil organic P (PO) contributed to depletion of the soil Pi reserves during the first two years of this trial. Where superphosphate was applied, immobilisation of P as PO amounted to about 25% of applied P during the five years measurements were made. Changes in soil P fractions indicated that all forms of soil Pi were utilised when superphosphate was withheld. These included readily available Pi, Al- Pi, Fe-Pi, and residual phosphate rock from previous fertiliser applications. Depletion of the phosphate rock residues in the soil also occurred where superphosphate was applied and appears to have been completed within about two years. The phosphate rock residues had probably accumulated because of the relatively high amounts of unacidulated phosphate rock in superphosphate manufactured before 1983. Accumulation of Po associated with humic acid, or adsorbed on surfaces of hy drous oxides of Al and Fe, occurred in both fertilised and unfertilised soils. The more labile forms of PO also increased in the fertilised soil. Keywords inorganic phosphorus, organic phosphorus, phosphorus immobilisation, soil phosphorus, soil phosphorus fractions, soil phosphorus utilisation.

Phosphate responses in relation to soil tests and organic phosphorus

1960 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Friend ◽  
H. F. Birch
Keyword(s):  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Extract ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Phosphorus Fraction ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Phosphate Retention ◽  
Total Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphate Response

Phosphate responses of wheat in a number of soil types have been correlated with the amounts of phosphate extracted by ten different methods. Of these only total organic phosphorus, and inorganic phosphorus extracted with hot 0·1N caustic soda, were significantly related to phosphate response, the former at the 1% level and the latter at the 5% level. The amount of organic phosphorus in the soil was also found to be significantly related, in each instance at the 5% level, to phosphate responses of grass and the percentage phosphate in the grass. When the amount of organic phosphorus was considered together with the phosphate retention capacity of the soil, to give a measure of available mineralized phosphate, the relationships to response (and uptake of phosphorus by grasses) was more significant than with organic phosphorus alone.The organic phosphorus fraction accounted for about 86% of the total soil phosphorus. Measurable amounts of water-soluble organic phosphorus were found with all the soils. The amounts were, however, not significantly related to phosphate response. Moreover, it was found that while the soil extract containing organic phosphorus decomposed, it did so without the production of mineral phosphate. From this, and further evidence in the literature, it is considered that the organic complex in the soil, rather than the water soluble phosphorus, is the main source for the plant.

scholarly journals Effect of liming on the mobilization of soil phosphorus

1965 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-254
Author(s):  
Armi Kaila
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Fractions ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Mineral Soils

The effect of liming on the soil phosphorus fractions was studied under the laboratory conditions. 28 samples of mineral soils (pH in 0.01 M CaCl2 suspension 4.0 to 6.0) were incubated with 1 per cent CaCO3 or without lime for six months at about 18—20°C. In an other experiment, six samples (pH from 3.3 to 4.3) were incubated with 0, 0.5, 1, or 2 per cent CaCO3 also for six months. At the end of the incubation period the soil pH in the limed samples of the first experiment ranged from pH 5.9 to pH 7.5, in the second experiment the highest application kept the soil pH at 6.5 to 7.0. In the air-dried samples the content of organic phosphorus and the fractions of inorganic phosphorus were determined, and the increases or decreases due to the incubation and liming were calculated. Incubation without lime brought about decrease in the organic phosphorus content of several samples, and the presence of lime tended to intensify this effect, although only in a few cases the decrease due to liming was statistically significant. Liming also tended to increase the accumulation of NH4F-soluble inorganic phosphorus. The acid-soluble fraction was often increased in the limed samples but not in the unlimed ones. The alkali-soluble fraction was decreased in most soils in the limed samples, while it increased in some of the unlimed ones. In the second experiment the incubation caused marked decrease in the alkali-soluble phosphorus without a corresponding increase in the other phosphorus fractions determined in the subsoil samples. It was concluded that in these experiments the relatively heavy liming in the first place affected the distribution of inorganic phosphorus increasing the NH4F-soluble and acid-soluble forms at the expense of the alkali-soluble fraction. The effect on the mineralization of organic phosphorus seemed to be in most soils of minor importance.

The effects of organic and inorganic phosphorus concentration on the acid phosphatase activity of ectomycorrhizal fungi

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 750-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn J. Kroehler ◽  
Robert K. Antibus ◽  
Arthur E. Linkins
Keyword(s):  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Axenic Culture ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Cenococcum Geophilum ◽  
Available Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Substrate Hydrolysis

Kinetic constants (Km and Vmax) were determined for surface and extracellular soluble acid phosphatases produced by two ectomycorrhizal fungi (Cenococcum geophilum Fr. and Entoloma sericeum (Bull, ex Merat) Quel.) grown in axenic culture at 2 or 50 μM KH2PO4 or sodium inositol hexaphosphate. Results for cultures supplied inorganic phosphorus were similar to those supplied organic phosphorus: surface Vmax estimates were significantly greater for 2 than for 50 μM grown isolates. The presence of constitutive extracellular soluble phosphatase activity resulted in the appearance of inorganic phosphate in media initially supplied with organic phosphorus, suggesting substrate hydrolysis in excess of phosphate uptake. No consistent relationship was found between apparent Km estimates and phosphorus treatments. The two species had surface phosphatase Vmax values differing by as much as two orders of magnitude. The magnitude of the response to phosphorus treatment differed among isolates. The response of phosphatases to changes in phosphorus at concentrations comparable with soil solution phosphorus supports the hypothesis that levels of available soil phosphorus may control ectomycorrhizal phosphatase production or activation.

Foliar concentrations and resorption of nitrogen and phosphorus in 15 species of eucalypts grown under non-limited water and nutrient availability

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 597 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Hawkins ◽  
P. J. Polglase
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Phosphorus Use Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Foliar Phosphorus ◽  
Foliar Concentrations ◽  
Nutrient Amendment

Mature and senescent foliage were sampled from 15 species of Eucalyptus, covering three subgenera, Symphyomyrtus, Monocalyptus and Corymbia, under non-limiting availability of water and nutrients (effluent-irrigated plantation). Concentrations of total phosphorus in mature foliage were relatively high for Eucalyptus (range 1.6–3.1 mg g–1), inorganic phosphorus accounting for 60–79% of total phosphorus. Foliar concentrations of total and inorganic phosphorus in Monocalyptus were about twice as much as in Symphyomyrtus. Concentrations of nitrogen did not differ amongst subgenera. About 50% of leaf nitrogen was resorbed during senescence. In contrast, about 11–24% of phosphorus was resorbed, of which about 48–77% was derived from hydrolysis of organic phosphorus. There were no significant differences amongst subgenera in resorption of either nitrogen or phosphorus. Despite significant variability in nutritional characteristics within subgenera, we conclude that Monocalyptus has a greater capacity to accumulate foliar phosphorus (as inorganic phosphorus) than Symphyomyrtus, but that Symphyomyrtus has a greater phosphorus-use efficiency (ratio of growth to foliar phosphorus). Foliar inorganic phosphorus appears to be easily manipulated by nutrient amendment whereas nitrogen is highly resistant. Resorption efficiency of phosphorus (proportion of total phosphorus resorbed) is decreased under high availability of soil phosphorus.

scholarly journals Effects of Soil Conditioners on Absorption of phosphorus by waxy corn and Phosphorus Transformation in High Phosphorus Soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 ◽  
pp. 02024
Author(s):  
Wang Xi ◽  
Lu Shuchang ◽  
Pei Zhiqiang ◽  
Hou Kun ◽  
Ya Zongjie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Total Phosphorus Content ◽  
The Third ◽  
Phosphorus Accumulation ◽  
Waxy Corn

In this experiment, the effects of different types of conditioners and their application on the absorption and transformation of phosphorus in high phosphorus soils in facilities were investigated to improve the environmental problems of protected farmland caused by phosphorus accumulation. Waxy corn was used as a test crop, and five conditioners such as humic acid, biochar, bentonite, alum, and dephosphorized gypsum were used as test materials for potting experiments. The experiment set 10 treatments, namely T1(Blank control), T2(Humic acid), T3(Biochar), T4(Bentonite), T5(Alum), T6 (Dephosphorized gypsum), T7(Biochar-bentonite-alum), T8(Humic acid-biochar-alum),T9(Humic acidbiochar- bentonite-alum),T10(Humic acid-bentonite-biochar-alum-dephosphorized gypsum). Based on the analysis of the results of the three crops, except that the first crop was not significant, the biomass and phosphorus absorption of waxy corn of T2 was the highest in the second crop, and T10 was the most effective treatment in the third crop. The soil available phosphorus content of T8 was the lowest in the second crop and that of T10 was the lowest in the third crop, which were 12.01% and 12.75% lower than the control. The soil water-soluble phosphorus content of T4 was the lowest in the second crop, which was 41.84% lower than the control, and that of T8 was the lowest in the third crop, which was 26.62% lower than the control. According to the results of the three crops, the ratio of the total phosphorus content of the inorganic phosphorus in the third crop of each treatment was increasing compared with the first crop. The soil phosphorus was transformed from organic phosphorus to inorganic phosphorus. The ratio of total phosphorus content of organic phosphorus of T6, T9, T10 was larger than other treatments, which slowed down the conversion of phosphorus to available form. The ratio of Ca8-P in the inorganic phosphorus was the highest, reaching about 50% to 60%. From the results and analysis, T2 and T10 were beneficial to the absorption of soil phosphorus by waxy corn, T8 and T10 were beneficial to slow down the conversion of phosphorus to the effective state, reduce the potential risk of phosphorus environment, improve the phosphorus accumulation environmental issues in greenhouse farmland.

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