The influence of alternative tillage systems on the distribution of nutrients and organic-carbon in some common Western Australian wheatbelt soils

Soil Research ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
PF White
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Sandy Clay Loam ◽  
Sandy Clay ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Direct Drilling

The effect of reduced cultivation on the chemical fertility of three agricultural soils important in Western Australia was investigated. The experiment compared the effect of different tillage systems for continuously cropping wheat on the distribution of extractable P, extractable K, total N, organic C and pH for soils ranging from a sand to a sandy clay loam. Three tillage systems were applied (conventional cultivation, direct drilled with a combine, direct drilled with a triple disc drill) and the distribution of nutrients was measured to a depth of 25 cm. Developments were monitored for a period of 9 years. Clear differences between treatments were evident within the first 3 years of the experiment. Relative differences between treatments remained constant after this time. The concentrations of extractable P, extractable K, total N and organic C in the soil were all higher with direct drilling than with conventional cultivation, regardless of soil type or environment. The concentration of these elements declined in all treatments throughout the duration of the experiment. Major differences between treatments occurred in the surface 5-10 cm of the soil, although trends differed slightly depending on the element measured. Ammonium nitrate application substantially reduced the pH of the sandy soil, regardless of tillage treatment, but had no effect on the other soil types. Conventionally cultivated sandy and sandy clay loam soils also had a slightly higher pH than the direct drilled soils. The yield of plants was not directly related to the concentration in the soil of any elements measured. Accumulation of nutrients near the surface indicated that, if the surface soil is dry, then nutrients may be less available to plants established with direct drilling than with conventional cultivation. Further research is needed to establish whether present 'soil testing-P recommendation' relationships, based on conventional cultivation systems, are appropriate under direct drilling systems in Western Australia. Changes in pH with different tillage systems may have a bearing on fertilizer application strategies. Finally, the decline in organic C with conventional cropping indicates that the structure of soils in this experiment remains fragile even with direct drilling.

Calibration and evaluation of a capacitance probe in agricultural soils in northeast Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ceres Duarte Guedes Cabral de Almeida ◽  
Lais Barreto Franco ◽  
José Ediclécio Barbosa dos Santos ◽  
Brivaldo Gomes de Almeida ◽  
Giuseppe Provenzano
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Sandy Clay Loam ◽  
Sandy Clay ◽  
Disturbed Soil ◽  
Capacitance Probe

<p>Soil water content is an important parameter for irrigation management. Among the indirect methods to determine soil water content (SWC), there are electronic sensors, that need site-specific calibration to increase the accuracy of the measurements. In this research, a capacitance probe (Diviner 2000®, Sentek Pty Ltda., Australia) was calibrated for two agricultural soils. The experiment was carried out in a protected environment at the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Brazil. The textural classes of soils were sandy clay loam (66% sand) and sandy (95% sand). Undisturbed and disturbed soil samples were collected in the soil top layer (0-30 cm). The disturbed soil samples were initially air-dried, passed through a 4.75 mm mesh sieve, and then introduced to fill eight vessels (four replications for each soil). These vessels, equipped with drainage holes, have lower and upper diameters of 15 cm and 25 cm, respectively, and height of 22.5 cm (4.66 L). In each pot, a 5 cm layer of gravel with an average diameter of 2 cm covered with bidim® geotextile was disposed before introducing the soil. During filling, the soil was compacted to reach the same bulk density measured on the undisturbed samples (sandy clay loam: 1.54 g cm<sup>-3</sup> and sandy: 1.50 g cm<sup>-3</sup>). In the center of each pot, a PVC access tube was installed. According to the manufacturer's recommendation, during calibration, the probe normalization was performed. The pots were wetted by capillary rise and, once saturated, they were placed on a bench for drainage. After this process stopped each pot was daily weighed at a fixed time (8 a.m.), and the sensor reading was acquired until when the daily mass variations became negligible. Data were used for regression analysis to fit the site-specific calibration equation and to evaluate the mean error. Linear calibration equations, characterized by R<sup>2</sup>=0.931 and 0.986, were obtained for the sandy clay loam and the sandy soil, respectively. The mean errors (ME) associated with the manufacturer’s equation resulted in -0.05 and -0.01 for sandy clay loam and for sandy soil and decreased after calibration. The results confirmed the suitability of the manufacturer's equation in sandy soils. On the other hand, the manufacture’s equation slightly underestimated SWC, in sandy clay loam soil, especially in the range above 0.26 m<sup>3</sup> m<sup>-3</sup>. The Diviner 2000 probe can be therefore successfully used to support irrigation management in irrigated areas with soils similar to those investigated because it is easy to operate and allows fairly accurate estimations of soil water content.</p>

scholarly journals A new pygmy sundew, Drosera albonotata (Droseraceae), from the western Wheatbelt and an updated diagnostic key to the orange-flowered pygmy Drosera of Western Australia

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 346 (3) ◽  
pp. 221 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALASTAIR S. ROBINSON ◽  
ADAM T. CROSS ◽  
MANFRED E. MEISTERL ◽  
ANDREAS FLEISCHMANN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Sandy Clay Loam ◽  
Sandy Clay ◽  
Diagnostic Key ◽  
A New Species

A new species of Drosera—Drosera albonotata—from the western Wheatbelt (Western Australia) is described and illustrated. The taxon, which is largely restricted to sandy clay loam soils in Wandoo woodland and shrubland, is morphologically similar to D. miniata and D. coomallo but can be distinguished by its distinct floral features and ecology. A distribution map of the new species and its allies and a revised and updated diagnostic key to the twelve recognised orange-flowered pygmy Drosera in Western Australia are provided.

scholarly journals Gaseous Nitrogen Losses from Tropical Soils with Liquid or Granular Urea Fertilizer Application

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3128
Author(s):  
Ahmmed Md Motasim ◽  
Abd Wahid Samsuri ◽  
Arina Shairah Abdul Sukor ◽  
Amin Mohd Adibah
Keyword(s):  
N2o Emission ◽  
Nitrogen Losses ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
Nh3 Volatilization ◽  
N Loss ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Sandy Clay Loam ◽  
Sandy Clay

Gaseous loss of N leads to lower nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of applied urea and N content of the soil. This laboratory study was conducted to compare the nitrogen losses from two tropical soil series (Bungor sandy clay loam and Selangor clay) incubated with either liquid urea (LU) or granular urea (GU) at 0, 300, 400, or 500 mg/kg of soil for thirty days. The NH3 volatilization, N2O emission, and N content in the soils were measured throughout the incubation period. For the same application rate, the total NH3 volatilization loss was higher in GU-treated soils than the LU-treated soils. NH3 volatilization loss continued up to the 15th day in the Selangor soil, while in the Bungor soil series it continued up to the 26th day. Higher amounts of N2O emissions were recorded in GU-treated soils than the LU-treated soils, and N2O emission increased with increasing rate of GU and LU applications in both soils. The N2O emission was higher only in the first few days and then tapered off at the seventh and eighth day in Bungor and Selangor soil series, respectively. The total N2O emission was higher in the Selangor soil series than that of Bungor soil series. The total N content that remained in the LU-treated soils after 30 days of incubation was higher than the GU-treated soils. The total N loss from applied urea was higher in the sandy clay loam Bungor soils than that of clayey Selangor soil series. The results suggest that the LU may be a better N fertilizer source than GU due to lower N loss from NH3 volatilization and N2O emission.

Degradation of oxyfluorfen in sandy clay loam soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1038-1041
Author(s):  
C Bharathi ◽  
P Murali Arthanari ◽  
C Chinnusamy
Keyword(s):  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Sandy Clay Loam ◽  
Sandy Clay ◽  
Loam Soil

Comparison of oxidoreductive enzyme activities in three coal tar creosote-contaminated soils

Soil Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Telesiński ◽  
Teresa Krzyśko-Łupicka ◽  
Krystyna Cybulska ◽  
Barbara Pawłowska ◽  
Robert Biczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Coal Tar ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Oxidoreductase Activity ◽  
Sandy Clay Loam ◽  
Sandy Clay ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Negative Effect

This study used laboratory experiments to compare the effects of coal tar creosote on the activity of oxidoreductive enzymes in sandy loam, loamy sand and sandy clay loam soils. Different amounts of coal tar creosote were added to soil samples as follows: 0 (control), 2, 10 or 50 g kg–1 dry matter. The activity of soil dehydrogenases (DHAs), o-diphenol oxidase (o-DPO), catalase (CAT), nitrate reductase (NR) and peroxidases (POX) was determined. Contamination of soil with coal tar creosote affected oxidoreductase activity. Oxidoreductive enzyme activity following soil contamination with coal tar creosote was in the following order: DHAs > CAT > NR > POX > o-DPO in loamy sand and in sandy loam; and DHAs > POX > CAT > NR > o-DPO in sandy clay loam. The index of soil oxidoreductive activity (IOx) introduced in this study confirms the negative effect of coal tar creosote on oxidoreductase activity in soil. DHAs were the most sensitive to the contamination of soil with coal tar creosote. Moreover, the greatest changes in oxidoreductase activities were observed in loamy sand. Knowledge of the mechanism underlying the effects of coal tar creosote on oxidoreductive processes may enable development of a method for the bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated soils.

Managing organic carbon of sandy clay loam soil with organic amendments to promote particle aggregation

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haroon Shahzad ◽  
Muhammad Iqbal ◽  
Noman Latif ◽  
Muhammad Arshad Khan ◽  
Qudrat Ullah Khan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Particle Aggregation ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Sandy Clay Loam ◽  
Sandy Clay ◽  
Loam Soil

Characterization of basaltic clay soils (vertisols) from the Oxford land system in central Queensland

Soil Research ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 841 ◽  
Author(s):  
AA Webb ◽  
AJ Dowling
Keyword(s):  
Clay Soils ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Land System ◽  
Group Position ◽  
Dominant Soil ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
General Decline ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Native Pasture

Morphological, chemical and physical properties of basaltic clay soils (Vertisols-Usterts and Torrerts) from the Oxford Land System in central Queensland are described and compared over their geographical range of occurrence and also their position in the landscape. These soils are derived from undifferentiated basic lavas and interbedded pyroclastics of Tertiary age. Black earths are the dominant soil group. Position on slope had the biggest influence on depth of soil, with crest and mid-upper slope positions having more shallow (<0.9 m) soils than mid-lower and footslope positions. Soils have very high CEC and clay contents throughout the profile, are mildly alkaline at the surface and strongly so at depth, are non-saline and non-sodic (except in some footslope positions), and have an exchange complex dominated by calcium and magnesium. In the surface 0.1 m, extractable P and Zn, and total N and S levels are low and crop responses to fertilizer are probable. In comparison of 26 paired sites, where areas of native pasture and cultivation occur in close proximity, cultivated soils have lower organic C and total N, P, K and S levels than native pasture soils. This reflects a general decline in soil fertility under cultivation, and has implications for soil management and long-term soil stability.

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