A comparison between plant response and chemical measurements of the dissolution of reactive phosphate rock in soils of different pH and phosphorus retention

Soil Research ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 451 ◽  
Author(s):  
IAK Kanabo ◽  
RJ Gilkes
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Response ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Chemical Measurements ◽  
Weight Yield ◽  
P Content ◽  
Soluble P ◽  
P Retention

Chemical measurements of the dissolution of reactive North Carolina phosphate rock (PR) in a lateritic podzolic soil adjusted to different pH values or amended to different P retention capacities were compared with plant response data. Soil pH adjustment consisted of incubating soil mixed with dilute HCl or solid SrCO3. The P retention capacity was adjusted by adding different amounts of synthetic goethite. Clover was grown as a test crop under glasshouse conditions on soils treated with no P and 800 �g Pg-1 soil as PR. The dissolution of PR, measured as the increase in soil exchangeable Ca (�Ca) at harvest time, increased by 46% for a decrease in soil pH from 5.78 to 4.55. Both dry weight and P content of clover tops showed no response to the greater PR dissolution at low soil pH, although twice as much P was bicarbonate-soluble at pH 4 55 compared with pH 5.78. This increase in bicarbonate-soluble P was only partly due to the greater dissolution of PR. Increasing the goethite content of the soil by 9% resulted in a 107% increase in PR dissolution but induced a 54% decrease in the bicarbonate-soluble P level compared with the control soil and consequently reduced both dry weight yield and P content of clover tops by 19% and 34% respectively.

scholarly journals Assessment of the early growth of agarwood (Aquilaria crassna) seedlings under different sources of nutrients

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kkiu Arunakumara ◽  
Bc Walpola ◽  
Chathura Karunatunga
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
P Content ◽  
Chlorophyll Index ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Aquilaria Crassna

The effect of different sources of nutrients on the growth of Aquilaria crassna seedlings was assessed by raising seedlings in polybags treated with inorganic fertilizer (IF), organic fertilizer (OF) and biofertilizer (BF) either alone or in combinations. The pots were established following a completely randomized block design with eight treatments: (T1) soil without IF, OF or BF ‒ control; (T2) soil + IF; (T3) soil + OF; (T4) soil + BF; (T5) soil + IF + OF; (T6) soil + IF + BF; (T7) soil + OF + BF; (T8) soil + IF + OF + BF each replicated five times. Plant height, stem diameter, dry weight of shoots and roots, leaf area and chlorophyll index were measured six months after planting. Soil pH (H<sub>2</sub>O) and available soil P content were measured as soil parameters. The best growth performances (54.30 cm, 6.48 mm, 7.10 and 5.92 g·plant<sup>–1</sup>, 435.33 cm<sup>2</sup> and 58 for plant height, stem diameter, shoot and root dry weight, leaf area and chlorophyll index, respectively) were recorded in T8, which also resulted in the highest available P content (18.96 mg·kg–1 soil). The lowest soil pH (H<sub>2</sub>O) value (6.02) was recorded in T7 followed by T6 (6.17). The application of IF, OF and BF as a combination could be recommended to promote the growth of Aquilaria seedlings.

The response of organic and conventionally grown wheat to superphosphate and reactive phosphate rock

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
PR Dann ◽  
JW Derrick ◽  
DC Dumaresq ◽  
MH Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Reactive Phosphate ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Large Yield ◽  
Reactive Phosphate Rock ◽  
P Content

In 1991 and 1992 wheat was sown on adjacent properties at Ardlethan in southern New South Wales to assess its response to superphosphate (SP) and reactive phosphate rock (RPR) under conventional and organic management systems. Five rates of P (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 kg/ha) were applied as SP and RPR. No response to RPR was recorded in terms of crop growth or grain yield. However, in both years and on both sites, SP significantly increased plant dry weight at tillering and anthesis, the number of tillers and spikes per plant and grain yield. Superphosphate also increased the P content of grain and the amount of P exported. SP (40 kg P/ha) increased the level of cadmium in the grain, although not beyond permitted maximum concentrations. The use of SP reduced the level of colonisation by vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (VAM). The data indicate that the choice of the organic farmer, not to use SP, incurs a large yield penalty.

scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS OF PHOSPHATE ROCK MATERIALS FROM CHINA, INDONESIA AND TUNISIA AND THEIR DISSOLUTION IN INDONESIAN ACID SOILS

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Yusdar Hilman ◽  
Mohamed Hanafi Musa ◽  
Anuar Abdul Rahim ◽  
Azizah Hashim ◽  
Justina Sri Adiningsih
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Chemical Laboratory ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
System Experiment ◽  
P Retention

Dissolution of phosphate rock (PR) in soils is a primary concern for P in the PR to be available for plant. The dissolution of three PR materials, China (CPR), Ciamis (IPR) and Gafsa (GPR), in eight acid Indonesian soils (pH in water 4.1-5.7) was tested in a closed incubation system. Experiment was conducted in Soil Chemical Laboratory, Universiti Putra Malaysia and Indonesian Center for Agricultural Land Resources Research and Development from January to April 2002. The dissolution was determined from the increase in either 0.5 M NaOH extractable P (∆P) or 1 M BaCl2-triethanolamine (TEA)-extractable Ca (∆Ca) in soils amended with PR compared with control soil. Dissolution of the IPR was the highest (30-100%) followed by GPR (17-69%) and then by CPR (20-54%). The maximum dissolution followed the order: Bogor Ultisols &gt; Bogor Oxisols &gt; Subang Inceptisols &gt; Bogor Inceptisols &gt; Sukabumi Oxisols &gt; Lebak Ultisols &gt; Sukabumi Inceptisols &gt; Lampung Ultisols. PR dissolution indicated a positive correlation with P retention capacity. The results implied that the extent of PR dissolution for the three PR sources (China, Indonesia and Tunisia) increased with increasing P retention capacity of the soils. PR dissolution can be based on a calibration curve of ∆Ca meaning that if ∆P is high then the amount of PR dissolution measured by ∆Ca in PR materials is also high.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pupuk Hayati dan Batuan Fosfat Alam terhadap Ketersediaan Fosfor dan Pertumbuhan Stroberi pada Tanah Andisol

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Joko Maryanto ◽  
, Ismangil
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
P Solubilization ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Phosphate Mineral ◽  
Total P

<p>ABSTRACT</p><p><br />Biofertilizer has an important role in P-solubilization from phosphate rock, therefore it can be absorbed by plant. The organic acdid produced by biofertilizer can solve the phosphate mineral from phosphate rock. The objectives of the research were: to know the effect of biofertilizer and phosphate rock on the availability of P and the growth of strawberry at Andisol. The treatments included 2 levels of biofertilizer, i.e. 0 and 200 L . ha-1 and 5 levels of phosphate rock, i.e. 0; 100; 200; 400; and 800 kg P2O5 ha-1. The experiment was arranged in completely randomized block design with 3 replicates. The result showed that the application of biofertilizer and phosphate rock could increase the availability of P and total P of Andisols, dry weight of plant, lenght of plant and fresh weight of fruit .. Interaction between biofertilizer and phosphate rock could increase the soil pH.</p><p><br />Key words: biofertilizer, phosphate rock, andisols, strawberry</p>

The influence of the addition of goethite to soil on the dissolution of North Carolina phosphate rock

Soil Research ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 313 ◽  
Author(s):  
IAK Kanabo ◽  
RJ Gilkes
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Contact Period ◽  
North Carolina Phosphate Rock ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
Soluble P ◽  
P Retention

This laboratory experiment investigated changes in the dissolution of North Carolina phosphate rock and NaHCO3-soluble P arising from the addition of goethite (�-FeOOH) to soil. Increasing goethite in the soil increased the amount of phosphate rock (PR) dissolution as measured by the increase in exchangeable Ca (�Ca) values. Increased dissolution was, however, associated with decreased NaHCO3- soluble P due to P retention by goethite. The proportion of P dissolved from PR that was soluble in 0.5 M NaHCO3 solution decreased with contact period and with increased goethite. The increase in exchangeable Ca (�Ca) was a better indicator of the extent of PR dissolution in goethite-containing soils than NaHCO3-soluble P.

scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS OF PHOSPHATE ROCK MATERIALS FROM CHINA, INDONESIA AND TUNISIA AND THEIR DISSOLUTION IN INDONESIAN ACID SOILS

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Yusdar Hilman ◽  
Mohamed Hanafi Musa ◽  
Anuar Abdul Rahim ◽  
Azizah Hashim ◽  
Justina Sri Adiningsih
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Chemical Laboratory ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
System Experiment ◽  
P Retention

Dissolution of phosphate rock (PR) in soils is a primary concern for P in the PR to be available for plant. The dissolution of three PR materials, China (CPR), Ciamis (IPR) and Gafsa (GPR), in eight acid Indonesian soils (pH in water 4.1-5.7) was tested in a closed incubation system. Experiment was conducted in Soil Chemical Laboratory, Universiti Putra Malaysia and Indonesian Center for Agricultural Land Resources Research and Development from January to April 2002. The dissolution was determined from the increase in either 0.5 M NaOH extractable P (∆P) or 1 M BaCl2-triethanolamine (TEA)-extractable Ca (∆Ca) in soils amended with PR compared with control soil. Dissolution of the IPR was the highest (30-100%) followed by GPR (17-69%) and then by CPR (20-54%). The maximum dissolution followed the order: Bogor Ultisols &gt; Bogor Oxisols &gt; Subang Inceptisols &gt; Bogor Inceptisols &gt; Sukabumi Oxisols &gt; Lebak Ultisols &gt; Sukabumi Inceptisols &gt; Lampung Ultisols. PR dissolution indicated a positive correlation with P retention capacity. The results implied that the extent of PR dissolution for the three PR sources (China, Indonesia and Tunisia) increased with increasing P retention capacity of the soils. PR dissolution can be based on a calibration curve of ∆Ca meaning that if ∆P is high then the amount of PR dissolution measured by ∆Ca in PR materials is also high.

The influence of soil properties on the effectiveness of phosphate rock fertilisers

Soil Research ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 773 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. A. Bolland ◽  
R. J. Gilkes ◽  
R. F. Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Soil Property ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Soil Test P

Eighteen soils from south-western Australia were used to measure the effectiveness of 2 reactive phosphate rocks (RPR) [North Carolina and Sechura (Bayovar) RPRs] relative to superphosphate (relative effectiveness, or RE) using (i) yield of dried shoots of 30-day-old wheat plants (REyield ), (ii) P content of the dried shoots (RE Pcontent ), and (iii) bicarbonate soil test P (RE bicP ) as measures of effectiveness. The RE values were positively related to PR dissolution in soil, titratable acidity, and to P and Ca retention by soil, and were negatively related to soil pH. No single soil property adequately predicted REyield , RE Pcontent, or RE bicP . Stepwise multiple regression indicated that: (1) PR dissolution, soil pH, and organic carbon together accounted for about half the variation in RE yield ; (2) organic C, soil pH, and titratable acidity together accounted for about 67% of the variation in RE Pcontent ; (3) PR dissolution, P retention capacity, and titratable acidity together accounted for about 71% of the variation in RE bicP . We conclude that the agronomic effectiveness of phosphate rock fertilisers is a consequence of complex interactions of phosphate rock with soil that cannot be adequately predicted by measurements of a single soil property.

Ash from the thermal gasification of pig manure—effects on ryegrass yield, element uptake, and soil properties

Soil Research ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ksawery Kuligowski ◽  
Robert John Gilkes ◽  
Tjalfe Gorm Poulsen ◽  
Baiq Emielda Yusiharni
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Regulatory Limits ◽  
P Content ◽  
Relative Agronomic Effectiveness ◽  
Elemental Uptake ◽  
Plant Yields ◽  
P Sources

Effects of thermally gasified pig manure ash (GA) and lime-free gasified ash (LF-GA) on properties of an acidic soil (pH 4.5) and the growth and elemental uptake of ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaudin) were investigated. The GA was an effective liming agent (2% addition raised soil pH from 4.5 to 7.9); both GA and LF-GA increased soil electrical conductivity and bicarbonate-extractable phosphorus (P). Soil fertilised with LF-GA supported slightly higher plant dry matter (DM) yield than GA (1.5–1.7 v. 1.2–1.5 g DM/kg soil) for the first harvest, due to greater initial P availability at pH <5 than at pH >6. However, plant yields for the subsequent two harvests were similar, as soil acidity dissolved lime in untreated ash (GA) over time. Maximum yields for ash-treated soil and soil treated with mono-calcium phosphate (MCP) were similar. Relative agronomic effectiveness of P sources for three harvests, based on plant P content compared with values for MCP, were 6, 11, and 12% for GA and 19, 10, and 33% for LF-GA. Internal efficiency of P utilisation was similar for all three P sources for each harvest, indicating that differences in yield were mostly a consequence of differences in P supply. Heavy metal concentrations in plants fertilised with ash were minor and within regulatory limits. In general, application of ash did not systematically affect the concentrations of elements (Al, B, Cd, Mg, Mn, Fe, Pb, S, Se) in plants.

scholarly journals Effect of Salinity Levels (NaCl) on Yield, Yield Components and Quality Content of Sesame (Sesamum Indicum L.) Cultivars

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Helale Bahrami ◽  
Amir Ostadi Jafari ◽  
Jamshid Razmjoo
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Salinity Level ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Yield ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Salinity Levels

<p class="emsd-body"><span lang="EN-GB">Seeds of ten sesame cultivars (Karaj, Darab, Safiabad, Jiroft, Borazjan, Yellow-white, Felestin, Ultan, Isfahan and Abpakhsh) were sown into soil filled pots in 2008 and 2009. Pots were watered with six levels of salts (0.0038 (tap water as control), 4.89, 8.61, 10.5, 14.54, 17.74 ds.m<sup>-1</sup> NaCl) until full maturity. Plant height, root and shoot dry weight, yield and yield components, seed oil and protein contents of cultivars were measured. Increasing salinity caused significant reduction in plant height, root and shoot dry weight, yield and yield components, seed oil and protein contents of all cultivars. However, there were significant differences among the cultivars for measured traits for each salinity level. Based on seed oil yield data, Safiabad and Kraj at 0.0038ds.m<sup>-1</sup>, Safiabad and Ultan at 4.89ds.m<sup>-1</sup>, Ultan, Safiabad and Darab at 8.61 salinity levels were the superior cultivars. High variability in tolerance to salinity among the tested sesame cultivars suggests that selection of more salt tolerant cultivars for planting or breeding purposes is possible.</span></p><p class="emsd-body"><span lang="EN-GB">Highlights</span></p><p class="emsd-body"><span lang="EN-GB">Effects of contrasting salinity levels (0.0038 (tap water as control), 4.89, 8.61, 10.5, 14.54, 17.74 ds.m<sup>-1</sup>NaCl) on sesame cultivars were tested. Salinity reduced plant growth and yield and seed oil and protein contents. However, there were significant differences among the cultivars for measured traits for each salinity level. </span></p>

scholarly journals Modifications of phosphorus in Latosol as a function of humic acids and acidity

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 488-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcia H. Beck ◽  
Pedro A. V. Escosteguy ◽  
Deborah P. Dick
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Content

ABSTRACT The effect of humic acids (HA) on phosphorus (P) availability is still contradictory; thus, it is necessary to identify the conditions that play a crucial role in this effect. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of HA application, combined with doses of P, on the content of this nutrient in a Latosol with and without acidity correction. Two experiments were carried out, one with HA from peat and another with HA from mineral charcoal (leonardite). Doses of these acids (0; 1.12 and 5.62 mg C g-1 of soil) and P (26.2 and 104.7 mg P g-1 of soil, 1 and 4-fold higher than recommended, respectively) were tested at soil pH 4.5 and 7.0, in a three-factorial design. The soil was incubated for 20 days and the soil-P content was measured by Mehlich-1 and remaining-P tests. The effect of HAs on P availability varied with the P doses and soil acidity. Humic acids application increases P content in Latosol when P dose is higher than recommended and there is no acidity correction (pH 4.5). However, there is no effect of HAs application on soil-P content when applying the recommended amount of this nutrient, irrespective of the pH value.

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