Distribution of introduced earthworms in the norhtern jarrah forest of Western Australia

Soil Research ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Introduced Species ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Eisenia Fetida ◽  
European History ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Jarrah Forest ◽  
Exotic Trees ◽  
Aporrectodea Trapezoides ◽  
History Of

Five species of introduced earthworm were recorded in the northern jarrah forest of Western Australia during 1980-83. These are Aporrectodea trapezoides (Duges), A. caliginosa (Savigny), Eisenia fetida (Savigny), Octolasion cyaneum (Savigny) (all Lumbricidae) and Microscolex dubius (Fletcher) (Megascolecidae). A. trapezoides was recorded most frequently. These introduced species occur within the forest only where there has been major disturbance, especially where forest has been replaced by pasture, orchards or settlement. They have not been recorded in forest that has been logged or in plantations of exotic trees. Introduced species of earthworm were frequently found in association with indigenous species. Most individuals of A. trapezoides kept in jarrah forest soil in the laboratory lost weight over 30 days, in contrast to an indigenous species of earthworm. How and when earthworm species were introduced is discussed in terms of the early European history of the jarrah forest.

Influence of some environmental factors on indigenous earthworms in the northern jarrah forest of Western Australia

Soil Research ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 271 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Predictor Variables ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Total Density ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Jarrah Forest

Indigenous species of earthworms (Family Megascolecidae) are widely distributed throughout the northern jarrah forest of Western Australia. They occur not at random, but in an aggregated pattern well described by a negative binomial. Earthworms are only active in the topsoil (to depth of 5.5 cm) when soil moisture (gravimetric) exceeds 4%. This occurs from May until November. The number of species occurring in jarrah forest at any place, and the frequency of occurrence, biomass and density of earthworms, vary with average annual rainfall. In the zone of highest rainfall six or seven species occur together, frequency of occurrence is 40-60%, and total biomass and total density do not exceed 8 g m-2 and 40 m-2 respectively, and generally average much less. In the lowest rainfall zone only one or two species occur in any one locality, with total density much less than 10 m-2. Multiple regression analyses between four earthworm variables and 20 site and soil characteristics were highly successful in that up to three predictor variables yielded coefficients of determination exceeding 0.70. The most useful predictor variables were rainfall zone, forest basal area, soil pH and proportion of silt and clay in the topsoil (to depth of 15 cm). Recurrent low intensity (spring) fires and a single moderate intensity fire (summer) have minor direct and indirect effects on earthworms. Logging also has scant effect on their frequency of occurrence. The land use most adverse to earthworms is the clearing of forest for mining of bauxite or gravel. The effect on earthworms of clearing of forest and subsequent reforestation with pines varies: in one case there was an adverse effect, whereas in two others there was no difference.

Orchid species succession in rehabilitated bauxite mines in Western Australia

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl D. Grant ◽  
John Koch
Keyword(s):  
Introduced Species ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Vegetation Monitoring ◽  
Jarrah Forest ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Species Succession ◽  
Bauxite Mines

Twenty-three orchid species were recorded in Alcoa's permanent vegetation-monitoring plots in unmined and rehabilitated jarrah forest. Of these, 22 were identified in the unmined jarrah forest and 20 were recorded in rehabilitated areas of between 1 and 31 years old. Three species (Cyrtostylis ovata, Lyperanthus serratus and Prasophyllum elatum) were only recorded in the unmined forest and one species was only recorded in rehabilitated areas (Diuris carinata). The overall density of native orchids in the forest was 13 755 plants ha–1, 10 times greater than the density in rehabilitated areas (1381 plants ha–1). The most abundant species in the forest were Cyrtostylis robusta, Caladenia flava, Pterostylis nana and Thelymitra crinita, all with densities greater than 1000 plants ha–1. The most abundant species in the rehabilitated areas were Microtis media, Disa bracteata (an introduced species), Caladenia flava, Pterostylis nana, Diuris longifolia and Pterostylis vittata, all with densities greater than 60 plants ha–1. In rehabilitation older than 10 years, the density of orchids increased to 2685 plants ha–1. Burning in rehabilitated areas resulted in large increases in orchid densities. It is believed that orchid colonisation of rehabilitated bauxite mines is dependent on symbiotic mycorrhiza, which are in turn dependent on development of an organic litter component in the soil.

The life history of Pseudocheirus occidentalis (Pseudocheiridae) in the jarrah forest of south-western Australia

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 325 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Wayne ◽  
J. F. Rooney ◽  
C. G. Ward ◽  
C. V. Vellios ◽  
D. B. Lindenmayer
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Jarrah Forest ◽  
Eucalyptus Marginata ◽  
Introduced Predators ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ringtail Possum

Life-history attributes are described for the threatened ngwayir or western ringtail possum (Pseudocheirus occidentalis) in inland jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) forest east of Manjimup, south-western Australia. Data on 81 individuals were collected over 18 months. There was no sexual dimorphism and body size was similar to that found in other P. occidentalis populations, but larger than the closely related P. peregrinus in eastern Australia. Breeding at Chariup was more strongly seasonal than that of coastal populations, with 77% of births in May–June and the remainder in October–November. All neonates were singletons except for one instance of non-viable twins. No females bred twice in the same year. The growth rate of the head length of pouch young (<5 months of age) was 0.245–0.362 mm day–1 and curvilinear toward an asymptote thereafter. Temporal variations in body condition, coat condition and ectoparasites were significant. Mortality was highly seasonal (84% of deaths were April–September) and predominantly caused by predation, mainly by fox (Vulpes vulpes) and cat (Felis catus). More effective and strategic control of introduced predators prior to and during autumn/winter, could therefore improve the viability of jarrah forest populations. Nutrition appears to influence many of the life-history traits of P. occidentalis. Nutrition also may partly explain the differences in size, life history and conservation status between P. occidentalis and P. peregrinus.

Mission Tracks in the Bush

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 103-124
Author(s):  
Gemma Tulud Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Cultural Encounters ◽  
History Of

Christian missionaries played an important role in the Australian nation building that started in the nineteenth century. This essay explores the multifaceted and complex cultural encounters in the context of two aboriginal missions in Australia in the nineteenth century. More specifically, the essay explores the New Norcia mission in Western Australia in 1846-1900 and the Lutheran mission in South Australia in 1838-1853. The essay begins with an overview of the history of the two missions followed by a discussion of the key faces of the cultural encounters that occurred in the course of the missions. This is followed by theological reflections on the encounters in dialogue with contemporary theology, particularly the works of Robert Schreiter.

Recasting Bourgeois Europe

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S. Maier ◽  
Charles S. Maier
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Group Representation ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
European History ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Country Analysis ◽  
Economic Stabilization

The author, one of the most prominent contemporary scholars of European history, published this, his first book, in 1975. Based on extensive archival research, the book examines how European societies progressed from a moment of social vulnerability to one of political and economic stabilization. Arguing that a common trajectory calls for a multi country analysis, the book provides a comparative history of three European nations—France, Germany, and Italy—and argues that they did not simply return to a prewar status quo, but achieved a new balance of state authority and interest group representation. While most previous accounts presented the decade as a prelude to the Depression and dictatorships, the author suggests that the stabilization of the 1920s, vulnerable as it was, foreshadowed the more enduring political stability achieved after World War II. The immense and ambitious scope of this book, its ability to follow diverse histories in detail, and its effort to explain stabilization—and not just revolution or breakdown—have made it a classic of European history.

Religious Norms, Human Capital, and Money Lending in Jewish European History

2011 ◽  
pp. 56-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maristella Botticini ◽  
Zvi Eckstein
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Jewish History ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
European History ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Common View ◽  
Jewish Diaspora ◽  
Medieval Europe ◽  
History Of ◽  
Muslim Spain

Circa 1000, the main occupations of the large Jewish community in Muslim Spain and of the small Jewish communities in southern Italy, France, and Germany were local trade and long-distance commerce, as well as handicrafts. A common view states that the usury ban on Christians segregated European Jews into money lending. A similar view contends that the Jews were forced to become money lenders because they were not permitted to own land, and therefore, they were banned from farming. This article offers an alternative argument which is consistent with the main features that mark the history of the Jews: the Jews in medieval Europe voluntarily selected themselves into money lending because they had the key assets for being successful players in credit markets. After providing an overview of Jewish history during 70–1492, it discusses religious norms and human capital in Jewish European history, Jews in the Talmud era, the massive transition of the Jews from farming to crafts and trade, the golden age of the Jewish diaspora (ca. 800–ca. 1250), and the legacy of Judaism.

scholarly journals Decolonization and the aesthetics of disorder: Naipaul, Evaristo, Boland

2021 ◽  
pp. 002198942199605
Author(s):  
Matthew Whittle
Keyword(s):  
European History ◽  
Resistance Movements ◽  
Eavan Boland ◽  
History Of ◽  
Paul Gilroy ◽  
Orderly Transition ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Bear Witness ◽  
Formal Features

Decolonization is presented in dominant accounts as an orderly transition and not the culmination of anticolonial resistance movements. This in turn contributes to what Paul Gilroy terms an endemic “post-imperial melancholia” across contemporary European nations and the removal of empire and its demise from understandings of European history. Drawing on Bill Schwarz’s reconceptualization of a Fanonian commitment to disorder, this article focuses on Britain’s history of colonialism and post-imperial immigration and argues for the mapping of a disorderly aesthetics in works by V. S. Naipaul, Bernardine Evaristo, and Eavan Boland. The three formal features of non-linearity, polyvocality, and environmental imagery enable these writers to bear witness to the complex histories of empire, transatlantic slavery, decolonization, and immigration from the colonial “margins”. These “aesthetics of disorder” counter a dominant narrative of decolonial order and challenge conceptions of British exceptionalism that were reinforced at the moment of imperial decline.

Tree Species Preferences of Foraging Birds in Jarrah Forest in Western Australia.

1985 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 461 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Abbott ◽  
PV Heurck
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Selective Logging ◽  
Jarrah Forest ◽  
Eucalyptus Marginata ◽  
Silvicultural Treatments ◽  
Species Preferences

A study of foraging by 10 bird species suggests that selective logging of large Eucalyptus marginata will only have affected Melithreptus lunatus, but that proposed silvicultural treatments, including removal of Banksia grandis, may affect several other bird species.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document