Effect of dispersible clay on the physical properties of the B horizon of a red-brown earth

Soil Research ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 315 ◽  
Author(s):  
RT Shanmuganathan ◽  
JM Oades
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Characteristic ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Clay Particles ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Electrophoretic Mobilities ◽  
Dispersible Clay

Three methods were compared for the determination of dispersible clay in the absence of chemical treatments. Treatment of the B horizon of a red-brown earth with a range of amounts (0-0.24% iron) of iron poly[Fe(III)-OH] cations of nominal molecular weight 10 000 to 50 000 allowed production of a range of dispersible clay contents from 0 to 70%. The samples of clay B horizon with decreasing contents of dispersible clay showed decreasing electrophoretic mobilities with zero mobility when the content of dispersible clay was zero. In such samples the clay particles were present in aggregates 50-250 mu m diameter according to sedimentation techniques. The amounts of dispersible clay present appeared to control various physical and mechanical properties of the soil such as swelling, porosity and water retention capacity, hydraulic conductivity, friability and modulus of rupture. It is suggested that the content of dispersible clay may be a useful quantitative characteristic of soils as it controls many other properties.

Al-Hadba Minaret, a Contribution in Characterizing of its Brick

2020 ◽  
Vol 857 ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
Asaad Al-Omari ◽  
Suhail I.A. Khattab
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Skeletal Density ◽  
Northern Iraq

Al-Hadba minaret is one of the ultimate minarets in beauty and excellence that belonged to the constructions of Zankid dynasties in Syria and upper Mesopotamia. The minaret was built during the 12th entury, it is located in the center of old Mosul city-Northern Iraq. This minaret is the most famous in the Middle East, since it has a significant curvature (banana shape) that threatens its integrity. Unfortunately, the main parts of this monument were destroyed during the last military operations in 2017. Nowadays, there are serious attempts to reconstruct the minaret. The objective of this study is to characterize the original bricks, one of the main building materials of the minaret, in an attempt to complete planning preparations for returning to Mosul its historic value. In this research, the ancient bricks were characterized under different laboratory tests including the determination of skeletal density, porosity, free water absorption, forced water absorption, water retention capacity, capillarity parameters and uniaxial compressive strength. It is expected that the information obtained from this study can be helpful in providing the important knowledge for selecting the suitable and compatible material for the future reconstruction and maintenance works.

scholarly journals Analysis of the bioavailability of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) based on the determination of chromium in Mentha piperita by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

2011 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Djogo ◽  
Slavica Razic ◽  
Dragan Manojlovic ◽  
Latinka Slavkovic
Keyword(s):  
Certified Reference Materials ◽  
Graphite Furnace ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Iron And Manganese

Mentha piperita L. (Lamiace) was cultivated under the controlled laboratory conditions in the presence of varying levels of trivalent and hexavalent chromium in order to determine its capacity to control chromium uptake and its tolerance limit. The plants were grown in pots at 25?C with controlled soil moisture (about 80 % of the water retention capacity). The soil was treated with increasing concentrations of Cr(NO3)3 (40, 80, 120, and 200 mg kg-1) and K2Cr2O7 (2.5, 5, 10, and 15 mg kg-1). A control group of plants was grown without the addition of chromium to the soil. For each concentration, three acidity levels were tested: natural, one pH unit below and one above the natural acidity of the soil (pH2 = 6, pH1 = 5 and pH3 = 7). The plant samples were digested according to the standard procedure and chromium content was determined by GFAAS. For all plants, the transportation index was calculated and the results (expressed in mg kg-1) at pH1, pH2 and pH3, respectively, were: 0.21-0.80, 0.06-1.06 and 0.04-0.52. The recoveries were good (72.73-115.3 %) as evidenced by the analysis of certified reference materials (NIST SRM 8433 - Corn Bran and NIST SRM 1547 - Peach Leaves). The mobility of chromium through the plants tissues is discussed in regard to its competition with iron and manganese for transport binding sites; hence Mn and Fe were also determined.

scholarly journals The Use of Selenium Yeast and Phytobiotic in Improving the Quality of Broiler Chicken Meat

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2558
Author(s):  
Damian Konkol ◽  
Małgorzata Korzeniowska ◽  
Henryk Różański ◽  
Wanda Górniak ◽  
Marita Andrys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Feed Mixture ◽  
Selenium Yeast ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Organic Selenium

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of selenium yeast and phytobiotic on the storage capacity, selected quality parameters of meat and content of selenium in muscles obtained from broilers. In the experiment, 1440 male broiler chickens (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to four research groups: group received no additive (G1), group received a supplement of 0.3 mg Se (as sodium selenite)/kg of feed mixture (G2), group received 0.2 g phytobiotic and 0.3 mg Se as 0.1 g selenium yeast per 1 kg of feed mixture (G3) and group received 0.3 mg Se as 0.1 g selenium yeast per 1 kg of feed mixture (G4). Measurement of pH, determination of water retention capacity, degree of advancement of oxidative changes and selenium content in muscles were performed. Samples of chickens’ breast and thigh muscles were microbiologically analyzed. The additives significantly influenced the level of oxidation in muscles and the incorporation of selenium. The meat of chickens receiving organic selenium was characterized by significantly lower dynamics of oxidative changes. The studies carried out showed that selenium in organic form had better absorption.

Evaluation of Resistant Starch Quality from Different Types of Banana in Batter Coating Formulation to Reduce Oil Absorption in Fried Food

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
Karissha Fritzi Della ◽  
Mutiara Pratiwi ◽  
Purwa Tri Cahyana ◽  
Maria DPT Gunawan-Puteri
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Oil Absorption ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Fried Food ◽  
Musa Paradisiaca ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Coating Formulation

Fried food is convenient for many people due to its pleasant texture and taste. On the other hand, it comes with the risk of high oil absorption which might lead to certain health problems. Resistant starch (RS) has been known to have a functionality of reducing oil absorption. Three different types of banana: Kepok (Musa paradisiaca formatypica), Raja Bulu (Musa paradisiaca L.) and Ambon (Musa paradisiaca L. var sapientum) were evaluated on its performance when utilized as source of resistant starch especially on their application in reducing oil absorption in fried food. Tempeh was used as the food model. Banana starch (RS2) was isolated through water alkaline extraction process, continued with modification process through three repeated cycles of autoclaving-cooling process to obtain the RS3. RS3 was added into the batter coating formulation at three substitution ratios (10%, 30% and 50%) and then used to coat tempeh before frying. Evaluation of resistant starch in batter and battered productwas conducted on the following parameters: fat content, water retention capacity (WRC), coating pick up and sensory analysis. The result of this study revealed that Raja Bulu showed the most effective result on reducing oil absorption in the food tested. In the three bananas used, the ratio of 50% performed best in coating pick up (highest), WRC (highest) and fat content(lowest) parameters, but not significantly different with the 30% ratio. In terms of sensory acceptance, using Raja Bulu as the selected banana type, 30% of substitution ratio was significantly more preferable by the panelists in crispness, oiliness, and overall acceptance attributes compared to control and other substitution ratios.

Determination of Combined and Second Order Factor Effects for Simultaneous Optimization of Physical and Mechanical Properties of NR/BR Blend System

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 290-304
Author(s):  
Rajarajan Aiyengar ◽  
Jyoti Divecha
Keyword(s):  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Simultaneous Optimization ◽  
Order Effects ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Polybutadiene Rubber ◽  
Contour Plots

ABSTRACT The blends of natural rubber (NR), polybutadiene rubber (BR), and other forms of rubbers are widely used for enhancing the mechanical and physical properties of rubber compounds. Lots of work has been done in conditioning and mixing of NR/BR blends to improve the properties of its rubber compounds and end products such as tire tread. This article employs response surface methodology designed experiments in five factors; high abrasion furnace carbon black (N 330), aromatic oil, NR/BR ratio, sulfur, and N-oxydiethylene-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide for determination of combined and second order effects of the significant factors leading to simultaneous optimization of the NR/BR blend system. One of the overall optimum of eight properties existed at carbon 44 phr, oil 6.1 phr, NR/BR 78/22 phr with the following values of properties: tensile strength (22 MPa), elongation at break (528%), tear resistance (30 kg/mm), rebound resilience (67%), moderate hardness (68 International rubber hardness degrees) with low heat buildup (17 °C), permanent set (12%), and abrasion loss (57 mm3). More optimum combinations can easily be determined from the NR/BR blend system models contour plots.

Basic set of experiments for determination of mechanical properties of sand

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-137
Author(s):  
A. Sawicki ◽  
J. Mierczyński
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Soil Mechanics ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Local Strain ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Laboratory Equipment ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Basic Set ◽  
Initial Anisotropy

Abstract A basic set of experiments for the determination of mechanical properties of sands is described. This includes the determination of basic physical and mechanical properties, as conventionally applied in soil mechanics, as well as some additional experiments, which provide further information on mechanical properties of granular soils. These additional experiments allow for determination of steady state and instability lines, stress-strain relations for isotropic loading and pure shearing, and simple cyclic shearing tests. Unconventional oedometric experiments are also presented. Necessary laboratory equipment is described, which includes a triaxial apparatus equipped with local strain gauges, an oedometer capable of measuring lateral stresses and a simple cyclic shearing apparatus. The above experiments provide additional information on soil’s properties, which is useful in studying the following phenomena: pre-failure deformations of sand including cyclic loading compaction, pore-pressure generation and liquefaction, both static and caused by cyclic loadings, the effect of sand initial anisotropy and various instabilities. An important feature of the experiments described is that they make it possible to determine the initial state of sand, defined as either contractive or dilative. Experimental results for the “Gdynia” model sand are shown.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document