Capillary rise from saline groundwater in clay soil cores

Soil Research ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 305 ◽  
Author(s):  
DS McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Capillary Rise ◽  
Moisture Flux ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Rapid Rise ◽  
Potential Evaporation ◽  
Pressure Potential ◽  
Saline Groundwater

The rate of salinization by capillary rise from a saline water table in wet clay soil cores, 0.60, 0.75 and 0.90 m long, and 0.25 m in diameter, is described. Tensiometer-pressure potential and electrical conductivity were measured as a function of time at vertical spacings of 0.15 m. Initially a relatively rapid rise of saline water occurred to a height of 0.30 m above the water table, but subsequent movement was very slow. Although the potential evaporation rate was only 1.0 mm/day, drying of the surface occurred quickly, and proceeded down the cores, reducing the upward moisture flux to a very low value. The salinization hazard of such a soil is low, but the possibility of application of the measurement to more permeable soils, in which salinization may be more likely, is discussed.

scholarly journals A case study on the effect of soil compaction on potato growth in a loamy sand soil. 1. Physical measurements and rooting patterns.

1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.R. Boone ◽  
J. Bouma ◽  
L.A.H. de Smet
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Capillary Rise ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Pressure Potential ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
Loamy Sand Soil ◽  
Potato Growth

An interdisciplinary field study, including consideration of soil tillage, soil physics, pedology and crop science was made to study the effect of soil compaction on potato growth in a young alluvial loamy sand soil in the very dry growing season of 1976. The treatments consisted of different degrees of compaction in or just below the arable layer and also consider the effect of irrigation. Compaction decreased soil pore vol. whereas the volumetric water content at any given pressure potential was increased or decreased depending on the degree of compaction. A high mechanical resistance encountered by the roots proved to be the primary factor affecting root elongation. Roots penetrated the compacted layers in all treatments but at very different rates. As a result the pressure potential at the rooting front was relatively low as long as roots were growing in the compacted layers. Moisture flow to the roots by capillary rise from the water table occurred during the entire growing season but varied significantly among treatments as a function of the distance above the water table and hydraulic conductivity of the various layers. Moderate compaction increased, but severe compaction decreased, the potential for capillary rise in the topsoil. The plough pan in the subsoil increased the potential for capillary rise. Critical groundwater levels at a given rooting depth were calculated for different steady upward fluxes for some of the treatments. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals A field experiment concerning capillary rise of moisture in a heavy clay soil.

1955 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-69
Author(s):  
G.P. Wind
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Capillary Rise ◽  
Moisture Movement ◽  
Moisture Flow ◽  
Heavy Clay ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Relationship

The rate of capillary rise of moisture in a heavy clay soil was calculated by means of a water balance. This moisture movement supplied about 150 mm in 1953. Under favourable circumstances, a delivery of 3-4 mm per day is possible. The calculated values appeared to be in conformity with the law of unsaturated moisture flow. A graph gives the relationship between height above the water table, pF and capillary rise. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Fully integrated physically-based numerical modelling of impacts of groundwater extraction on surface and irrigation-induced groundwater interactions: case study Lower River Murray, Australia

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 3577-3624
Author(s):  
S. Alaghmand ◽  
S. Beecham ◽  
A. Hassanli
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Catchment Management ◽  
Groundwater Extraction ◽  
Saline Groundwater ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Physically Based

Abstract. Combination of reduction in the frequency, duration and magnitude of natural floods, rising saline water-table in floodplains and excessive evapotranspiration have led to an irrigation-induced groundwater mound forced the naturally saline groundwater onto the floodplain in the Lower River Murray. It is during the attenuation phase of floods that these large salt accumulations are likely to be mobilised and will discharge into the river. The Independent Audit Group for Salinity highlighted this as the most significant risk in the Murray–Darling Basin. South Australian government and catchment management authorities have developed salt interception schemes (SIS). This is to pump the highly saline groundwater from the floodplain aquifer to evaporation basins in order to reduce the hydraulic gradient that drives the regional saline groundwater towards the River Murray. This paper investigates the interactions between a river (River Murray in South Australia) and a saline semi-arid floodplain (Clarks Floodplain) significantly influenced by groundwater lowering (Bookpurnong SIS). Results confirm that groundwater extraction maintain a lower water-table and more fresh river water flux to the saline floodplain aquifer. In term of salinity, this may lead to less amount of solute stored in the floodplain aquifer. This occurs through two mechanisms; extracting some of the solute mass from the system and changing the floodplain groundwater regime from a losing to gaining one. Finally, it is shown that groundwater extraction is able to remove some amount of solute stored in the unsaturated zone and mitigate the floodplain salinity risk.

scholarly journals Models for estimating capillary rise in a heavy clay soil with a saline shallow water table

1992 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. Prathapar ◽  
C.W. Robbins ◽  
W.S. Meyer ◽  
N.S. Jayawardane
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Capillary Rise ◽  
Shallow Water Table ◽  
Heavy Clay

Critical depth to saline groundwater in non-irrigated situations

Soil Research ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Nulsen
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Critical Depth ◽  
Vegetative Cover ◽  
Saline Groundwater ◽  
Good Relationship ◽  
Productive Potential

The salinity of soil sampled from profiles exposed by a backhoe did not relate well with the vegetative cover growing on the soil, yet there was a good relationship between cover and depth to the saline water table. Results demonstrated that the depth to a saline water table can be used as an indicator of the possible productive potential of a soil.

scholarly journals Surface irrigation with saline water on a heavy clay soil in the Medjerda Valley, Tunisia.

1967 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-303
Author(s):  
J.A. Van 't Leven ◽  
M.A. Haddad
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Surface Irrigation ◽  
Soil Extracts ◽  
Fallow Period ◽  
Salinity Effects ◽  
Heavy Clay ◽  
Winter Crops ◽  
Resting Period

On a clay soil rich in lime, with drain spacings of 30 and 60 m, one section (A) after four crops of artichokes over a two-year period, with fairly intensive irrigation with saline water (approx 700 mm annually) showed no harmful salinity effects; in the upper 120 cm the electrical conductivity of soil extracts (EC) seldom exceeded five. On section B, with well-distributed irrigation, which was not intensive except for tomatoes in one summer, salinity was fairly uniform in the profile (EC 4-6). In section C, under continuous lucerne and with 1000-1200 mm water annually, salinity increased, especially with depth, and a fallow period was needed. In section D, under four artichoke crops followed by maize, with more intensive irrigation than in A and B, EC of the 80-120 cm layer was 7-8, and maize growth was retarded slightly. In addition to fallowing, the inclusion in rotations of winter crops and of perennials with a resting period in summer, e.g. artichokes, is recommended. A drain spacing of 60 m was adequate. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals The effect of pumping saline groundwater for desalination on the fresh–saline water interface dynamics

2019 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 46-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaked Stein ◽  
Yoseph Yechieli ◽  
Eyal Shalev ◽  
Roni Kasher ◽  
Orit Sivan
Keyword(s):  
Saline Water ◽  
Water Interface ◽  
Interface Dynamics ◽  
Saline Groundwater
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