Estimation of the amounts of allophane and other materials in the clay fraction of an Egmont loam profile and other volcanic ash soils, New Zealand

Soil Research ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Russell ◽  
RL Parfitt ◽  
GGC Claridge
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Minor Component ◽  
Selective Dissolution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Infrared Absorption Bands ◽  
Volcanic Ash Soils ◽  
Good Agreement

The allophane content of the clay fraction of six samples taken at different depths in an Egmont loam profile and samples from three other volcanic ash soils has been determined by acid-oxalate dissolution and infrared spectroscopy and the results from the two methods were in good agreement. The tephra that accumulated during 3500-10000 years B.P. (30-80 cm depth) in the Egmont profile had the highest allophane content (about 70% of the clay fraction). The allophane was identified as the proto-imogolite form of allophane. The allophane content of the clay fraction of the top 10 cm of the profile was lower than that of the underlying horizons, and the clay fraction also contained significant amounts of glass, laminar opaline silica, imogolite, and halloysite. A sample from the lower unit of the profile (below 80 cm), derived from tephric loess, contained about 50% allophane in the clay fraction, together with halloysite, gibbsite, chlorite and quartz. Halloysite was recognized in all the samples from infrared absorption bands at 470, 1035 and 1100 cm-1. These bands were enhanced and the other halloysite bands were observed after allophane was removed by selective dissolution in acid-oxalate. Chlorite appeared to be a common minor component of the clay fractions and probably has an aeolian origin.

scholarly journals Sorption and leaching characteristics of pesticides in volcanic ash soils of Jeju Island, Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Won-Pyo Park ◽  
Kong-Man Chang ◽  
Hae-Nam Hyun ◽  
Kyung-Hwan Boo ◽  
Bon-Jun Koo
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Distribution Coefficients ◽  
The Other ◽  
Jeju Island ◽  
European Standard ◽  
Leaching Behavior ◽  
Mobility Assessment ◽  
Leaching Characteristics ◽  
Volcanic Ash Soils

Abstract It is important to evaluate leaching behavior in agricultural soils to prevent the pollution of groundwater by pesticides. We identified the distribution coefficients (Kd) of ten pesticides with different physicochemical properties and compared their leaching characteristics using wick lysimeters from three distinct soil types on Jeju Island. The Kd values varied by pesticide and soil, but were within the range of 1.2 to 4231 L kg−1. Based on the European standard (Kd < 10 L kg−1), six pesticides (alachlor, ethoprophos, carbofuran, napropamide, tebuconazole, and etridiazole) were mobile in at least one tested soil, and their soil organic carbon affinity was ≤ 5.811. This value differed greatly from the other pesticides (16.533 and higher). The solubility of the six mobile pesticides was ≥ 32 mg L−1, which substantially differed from the other pesticides (≤ 0.71 mg L−1). Thus, we conclude that our mobility assessment, which is based on Kd values, can be used to predict the leaching of pesticides in the volcanic ash soils of Jeju Island. The use of pesticides should be strictly controlled to reduce the possibility of groundwater contamination.

REDUCTIVE CLEAVAGE WITH METAL IN LIQUID AMMONIA: I. THE SELECTIVE CLEAVAGE OF THE BENZYLTHIO C—S BOND VERSUS THE BENZYLIDENEDIOXY C—O BOND IN METHYL S-BENZYL-4,6-O-BENZYLIDENE-2-THIO-α-D-ALTROPYRANOSIDES; THE INFLUENCE OF THE COSOLVENT 1,2-DIMETHOXYETHANE ON THE COURSE OF THE REACTION

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 591-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. G. Nayak ◽  
R. K. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Absorption ◽  
Liquid Ammonia ◽  
Reductive Cleavage ◽  
The Other ◽  
Metallic Sodium ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Strong Band ◽  
The One ◽  
Infrared Absorption Bands ◽  
Phenyl Moiety

The improved solubility of methyl S-benzyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-2-thio-α-D-altropyranoside (1) in liquid ammonia diluted with 1,2-dimethoxyethane has permitted the selective cleavage by metallic sodium or lithium of the C—S bond to give methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-2-thio-α-D-altropyranoside in 70–75% yield. On the other hand, the slight solubility of I in liquid ammonia alone results only in the completely hydrogenolyzed material, methyl 2-thio-α-D-altropyranoside, along with unchanged I.Generally, in liquid ammonia alone, reductive cleavage is rapid (15–20 min) and the benzylidene and benzyl groups are converted largely into toluene accompanied by a small amount of bibenzyl. In liquid ammonia – 1,2-dimethoxyethane mixtures the reaction is much slower (≥ 1.5 h); under these conditions the benzylidene and benzyl groups are converted to a larger extent into bibenzyl, the rest becoming toluene.The two strong infrared absorption bands (in Nujol) in the region of 766 to 778 cm−1 and 706 to 718 cm−1 have been assigned to the phenyl moiety of the benzylidene group, and the one strong band in the region of 702 cm−1 to the phenyl moiety of the S-benzyl group.

Specific Retention of Radiocesium in Volcanic Ash Soils Devoid of Micaceous Clay Minerals

2004 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Joussein ◽  
Nathalie Kruyts ◽  
Dominique Righi ◽  
Sabine Petit ◽  
Bruno Delvaux
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Specific Retention ◽  
Volcanic Ash Soils

scholarly journals Responses of the Pheromone-Binding Protein of the Silk Moth Bombyx mori on a Graphene Biosensor Match Binding Constants in Solution

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 499
Author(s):  
Caroline Bonazza ◽  
Jiao Zhu ◽  
Roger Hasler ◽  
Rosa Mastrogiacomo ◽  
Paolo Pelosi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Binding Constants ◽  
Isoamyl Acetate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Oxide Surface ◽  
Binding Assays ◽  
Pheromone Binding Protein ◽  
Silk Moth ◽  
Good Agreement

An electronic biosensor for odors was assembled by immobilizing the silk moth Bombyx mori pheromone binding protein (BmorPBP1) on a reduced graphene oxide surface of a field-effect transistor. At physiological pH, the sensor detects the B. mori pheromones, bombykol and bombykal, with good affinity and specificity. Among the other odorants tested, only eugenol elicited a strong signal, while terpenoids and other odorants (linalool, geraniol, isoamyl acetate, and 2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine) produced only very weak responses. Parallel binding assays were performed with the same protein and the same ligands, using the common fluorescence approach adopted for similar proteins. The results are in good agreement with the sensor’s responses: bombykol and bombykal, together with eugenol, proved to be strong ligands, while the other compounds showed only poor affinity. When tested at pH 4, the protein failed to bind bombykol both in solution and when immobilized on the sensor. This result further indicates that the BmorPBP1 retains its full activity when immobilized on a surface, including the conformational change observed in acidic conditions. The good agreement between fluorescence assays and sensor responses suggests that ligand-binding assays in solution can be used to screen mutants of a binding protein when selecting the best form to be immobilized on a biosensor.

Aluminum concentrations in sclerotia from a buried humic horizon of volcanic ash soils in Mt. Myoko, Central Japan

2001 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makiko Watanabe ◽  
Nobuhide Fujitake ◽  
Hiroyuki Ohta ◽  
Takushi Yokoyama
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Central Japan ◽  
Humic Horizon ◽  
Volcanic Ash Soils

Quantitative interpretation of infrared absorption bands from hexagonal, cubic and mixed boron nitride films

1998 ◽  
Vol 7 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1657-1662 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Djouadi ◽  
S. Ilias ◽  
D. Bouchier ◽  
J. Pascallon ◽  
G. Sené ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boron Nitride ◽  
Infrared Absorption ◽  
Quantitative Interpretation ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Boron Nitride Films ◽  
Infrared Absorption Bands

APPLICATION OF A NEW HAMILTONIAN OF INTERACTION TO THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURES

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (09) ◽  
pp. 1351-1368
Author(s):  
ANDREI DOLOCAN ◽  
VOICU OCTAVIAN DOLOCAN ◽  
VOICU DOLOCAN
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Cohesive Energy ◽  
Noble Gases ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ionic Crystals ◽  
Coupling Constant ◽  
Good Agreement

Using a new Hamiltonian of interaction we have calculated the cohesive energy in three-dimensional structures. We have found the news dependences of this energy on the distance between the atoms. The obtained results are in a good agreement with experimental data in ionic, covalent and noble gases crystals. The coupling constant γ between the interacting field and the atoms is somewhat smaller than unity in ionic crystals and is some larger than unity in covalent and noble gases crystals. The formulae found by us are general and may be applied, also, to the other types of interactions, for example, gravitational interactions.

New infrared absorption bands of cesium vapor

1980 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 2356-2363 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Zouboulis ◽  
N. D. Bhaskar ◽  
A. Vasilakis ◽  
W. Happer
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Absorption ◽  
Cesium Vapor ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Infrared Absorption Bands
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