Salt-affected land in the shire of Wongan-Ballidu, Western Australia

Soil Research ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Nulsen
Keyword(s):  
Survey Methods ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Test Area ◽  
Affected Area ◽  
The Road ◽  
Farm Survey ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Secondary Salinity ◽  
On Farm

A survey was conducted to measure the total area of salt affected land in the Wongan-Ballidu Shire. Initially two survey methods were used: an intense on-farm survey and a broadscale road traverse survey. In the test area there was no net difference in areas of salt land detected by the two survey methods. and the remainder of the shire was surveyed by the road traverse method. Difficulties in objective delineation of areas of primary and secondary salinity precluded accurate determination of each, and only the total salt-affected area could be measured. The total area was 51,975 ha. representing 15.4% of the shire area. Detailed surveys of three 2080 ha sites in the shire showed that in the 18 years between 1958 and 1976 the area of salt land increased by up to 237% with the mean area within sites increasing from 206 ha in 1958 to 541 ha in 1976.

scholarly journals On phenomena relating to the spectra of hydrogen and helium

1916 ◽  
Vol 93 (646) ◽  
pp. 27-28
Keyword(s):  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Principal Series ◽  
Black Body ◽  
Black Body Radiation ◽  
Balmer Series ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Carbon Arc ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual

In a previous paper the structure of broadened spectrum lines was investigated by a method involving the use of a neutral-tinted wedge as an accessory to the spectroscope. The present communication deals with a method for the accurate determination of the photographic intensities of spectrum lines and the reduction of such intensities to absolute values by comparison with the continuous black-body radiation of the carbon arc. These methods have been applied to a study of the relative intensity distribution in the spectra of helium and hydrogen under different conditions of excitation. It has been found that under certain specified conditions there is a transfer of energy from the longer to the shorter wave-lengths in any given series, and that, under such conditions, the associated series, and in particular the Diffuse series, are relatively enhanced at the expense of the Principal series. It has also been found that the distribution of intensity found in certain celestial spectra can be approximately reproduced in the laboratory. In any attempt to interpret the phenomena observed in connection with the Balmer series of hydrogen, it is necessary to know the particular type to which this series belongs. In order to decide this point a study has been made of the separations of the components of lines of the Balmer series of hydrogen, and the mean values of the separations of the doublets constituting the lines H a and H β have been found to be respectively 0.132 Å.U. and 0.033 Å.U. These values are consistent with the separations appropriate to a Principal series, and the first is in precise agreement with the value deduced by Buisson and Fabry. These results have been obtained by crossing a Lummer Gehrcke plate with the neutral wedge, and submitting the contours obtained to mathematical analysis, by means of which the distribution of intensity in the individual components, and the separation of the components, can be determined.

The Refined Structure of ThS2 and the Implications on the Superposition Model Analysis of ThS2: Gd3+ Spin Hamiltonian Parameters

1984 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 778-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Amoretti ◽  
G. Calestani ◽  
D. C. Giori
Keyword(s):  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Superposition Model ◽  
Spin Hamiltonian ◽  
Host Crystal ◽  
Intrinsic Parameter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Crystal Field Parameters ◽  
Hamiltonian Parameters ◽  
Metal Ligand

The crystal structure of ThS2 has been refined starting from single crystal diffractometry data. The accurate determination of the positional parameters allows us to reexamine the SPM analysis of the second degree crystal field parameters for Gd3+ in ThS2 matrix. The fitting of the EPR data is still possible by means of a suitable two exponents power law for the intrinsic parameter only if the substitutional Gd3+ ion displaces in the mirror (bc) plane with respect to the undistorted Th4+ site. The resulting increase of the mean metal-ligand distances agrees with the expected expansion of the ligand cage around the trivalent Gd ion. The applicability of the proposed method to examine the impurity induced distortions in an host crystal is discussed too.

scholarly journals An Advanced Method to Estimate Deep Currents from Profiling Floats

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 1294-1304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong Jin Park ◽  
Kuh Kim ◽  
Brian A. King ◽  
Stephen C. Riser
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
New Method ◽  
Advanced Method ◽  
Subsurface Ocean ◽  
Least Squares Fit ◽  
Geostrophic Shear ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Subsurface ocean currents can be estimated from the positions of drifting profiling floats that are being widely deployed for the international Argo program. The calculation of subsurface velocity depends on how the trajectory of the float while on the surface is treated. The following three aspects of the calculation of drift velocities are addressed: the accurate determination of surfacing and dive times, a new method for extrapolating surface and dive positions from the set of discrete Argos position fixes, and a discussion of the errors in the method. In the new method described herein, the mean drift velocity and the phase and amplitude of inertial motions are derived explicitly from a least squares fit to the set of Argos position fixes for each surface cycle separately. The new method differs from previous methods that include prior assumptions about the statistics of inertial motions. It is concluded that the endpoints of the subsurface trajectory can be estimated with accuracy better than 1.7 km (East Sea/Sea of Japan) and 0.8 km (Indian Ocean). All errors, combined with the error that results from geostrophic shear and extrapolation, should result in individual subsurface velocity estimates with uncertainty of the order of 0.2 cm s−1.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF ULTIMATE BEARING CAPACITY OF SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS USING LSSVM ALGORITHM

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 451-459
Author(s):  
Xinhua Xue ◽  
Xin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Mean Absolute Error ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Ultimate Bearing Capacity ◽  
Shallow Foundations ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ipso Algorithm

Accurate determination of the ultimate bearing capacity (UBC) of shallow foundations is vital for the safety of structures and buildings. Due to the inherent spatial variability characteristics of soil properties, some new approaches are needed to accurately determine the UBC of shallow foundations. The objective of this study is to develop a hybrid least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) and an improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) algorithm for determining the UBC of shallow foundations. To validate the hybrid IPSO-LSSVM model, a comparison of the predictions was carried out among different models and theoretical methods. Three statistical indexes, namely the root-mean-square error (RMSE), the mean absolute error (MAE) and the correlation coefficient (R) were employed to measure and evaluate the performance of these models. The results showed that the developed hybrid IPSO-LSSVM model can be used for determining the UBC of shallow foundations with high accuracy.

Study on Deflection Performance of Radial Tire by Finite Element Method

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Gang Cheng ◽  
Guoqun Zhao ◽  
Yanjin Guan ◽  
Zhonglei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Nonlinear Boundary ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Nonlinear Boundary Conditions ◽  
Contact Friction ◽  
Radial Tire ◽  
The Road ◽  
Contact Stress Distribution

In order to improve vehicle safety, the accurate determination of the tire's loading behaviour is necessary in the domain of vehicle dynamics. The interaction between the tire and the surface of the road must be understood thoroughly. A 3D finite element model of the tire-road has been built by using MARC software according to the actual construction of the 195/60R14 radial tire. The rebar model of the radial tire is employed to simulate the complex multilayer cord-rubber composites and directly define the cord directions varying with their positions. The geometric nonlinearity due to large deformation, material nonlinearity and the nonlinear boundary conditions from tire–rim contact and tire–road contact are also considered. The relationships between load and the tire deflection, the tire deformation, the contact stress distribution and the distribution of the contact friction force are discussed.

scholarly journals Nitrate reductase assay for detection of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: simple and inexpensive method for low-resource laboratories

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 861-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dihadenys Lemus ◽  
Ernesto Montoro ◽  
Miguel Echemendía ◽  
Anandi Martin ◽  
Françoise Portaels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Low Resource ◽  
Nitrate Reductase Assay ◽  
Lowenstein Jensen ◽  
Proportion Method ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Time

The nitrate reductase assay (NRA) was used as an alternative method for detection of resistance to the first-line antituberculous drugs isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol and streptomycin. A total of 320 strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were studied and the results compared with the proportion method (PM) on Löwenstein–Jensen medium. The mean time to obtain results was 10 days and the overall agreement between the NRA and PM was 98.8 %. The NRA was easy to perform and represents a useful tool for rapid and accurate determination of drug-resistant M. tuberculosis strains in low-resource countries.

scholarly journals Proposed method for phase retardation measurements using polarimetric techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 054-056
Author(s):  
Alshaimaa W. Abdallah
Keyword(s):  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Phase Shifting ◽  
Half Wave Plate ◽  
Phase Retardation ◽  
Wave Plate ◽  
Half Wave ◽  
The Mean

Phase retardance elements such as quarter, half and full waveplates are essential elements in the most of the polarization systems. So, they should be determined precisely. Accurate determination of the phase retardation for these elements are necessary and critical due to its effect on the optical polarization measurements. In this paper we measure two-dimensional phase retardation distribution of half wave plate using four step phase shifting technique for accurate retardance measurements through the whole surface of the wave plate. By using this technique, four images are captured, which are related to different orientation of the azimuth angle of the analyzer, and mathematically analyzed to obtain the phase retardance measurements. The mean value of the phase retardance measurements is 182.57˚ with uncertainty 0.6˚.

scholarly journals Salary survey methods: Comparability problems

1986 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-173
Author(s):  
R. J. Snelgar
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Survey Period ◽  
Job Description ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Salary Survey ◽  
Survey Approach

Most organizations regard the accurate determination of prevailing labour market rates as being of primary importance to decisions regarding the setting of competitive wage and salary levels. The techniques involved in establishing these rates are fraught with problems, mainly revolving around efforts at obtaining comparability. Justification has been provided for organizations using tailor-made survey approaches in preference to professional or 'commercial' surveys, as this allows reduction to a minimum of such comparability problems as those associated with job description responsibilities, and compensation mix. This study reveals the extent to which a single pay structure received differing adjustments as a result of analysis of data obtained from a tailor-made survey approach as opposed to that obtained from a 'commercial' survey. Results indicate significant differences in adjustments over a three-year survey period, attributable essentially to the wide range of comparability difficulties associated with use of 'commercial' survey data.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document