Reactions of copper with soil affecting its availability to plants. I. Effect of soil type and time

Soil Research ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 447 ◽  
Author(s):  
RF Brennan ◽  
JW Gartrell ◽  
AD Robson
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Western Australian

The effect of moist incubation on the availability of applied copper to wheat was examined in a range of Western Australian soils. Incubating soil with copper reduced its availability relative to freshly applied copper by up to 70%. The availability of copper to wheat plants decreased with increasing time of incubation up to 120 days. The extent of the decline in availability differed among soils. The difference did not appear to be specifically related to any one of the following soil properties-pH, organic carbon content, clay content, free sesquioxide content and levels of total and extractable copper.

scholarly journals Assessing the Effect of Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Muell. Arg.) Leaf Chemical Composition on Some Soil Properties of Differently Aged Rubber Tree Plantations

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Porntip Puttaso ◽  
Weravart Namanusart ◽  
Kanjana Thumanu ◽  
Bhanudacha Kamolmanit ◽  
Alain Brauman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Organic Chemical ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
The Impact

Leaf litter plays a major role in carbon and nutrient cycling, as well as in fueling food webs. The chemical composition of a leaf may directly and indirectly influence decomposition rates by influencing rates of biological reactions and by influencing the accumulation of soil organic carbon content, respectively. This study aimed to assess the impact of the chemical composition of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Muell. Arg.) leaves on various soil properties of different ages of rubber (4–5, 11–12, and 22–23 year-old). Synchrotron-based Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (Sr-FTIR) was utilized for analyzing the chemical composition of plant leaves. The Sr-FTIR bands illustrated that the epidermis of rubber leaves from 4–5-year-old trees was found to contain a high quantity of polysaccharides while mesophyll from 22–23-year-old trees had a large number of polysaccharides. The change in soil properties in the older rubber plantation could be attributed to its chemical composition. The change in soil properties across all tree ages, i.e., increased litter and organic carbon content, was a relatively strong driver of soil biota evolution. The aliphatic of C-H in the leaves showed high correlation with soil organic carbon (SOC) and permanganate-oxidizable C (POXC) from 22–23 year-old trees. This study shows the differences in the organic chemical composition of leaves that are consequential to soil organic carbon.

Changes in dispersible clay content, organic carbon content, and electrolyte composition following incubation of sodic soil

Soil Research ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 883 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. N. Nelson ◽  
J. A. Baldock ◽  
J. M. Oades
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Electrolyte Composition ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Sodic Soils ◽  
Sodic Soil ◽  
Clay Dispersion ◽  
Dispersible Clay

Measurement of dispersible clay is important for the diagnosis of structural stability problems in soil. However, clay dispersibility is known to change with water content and time. The purpose of the present study was to determine how incubation of sodic soil under different water content regimes influences clay dispersibility. Two topsoils (depth 0-0·1 m), one sodic [exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) 9 · 7] and the other non-sodic (ESP 3·8), were collected from an experimental pasture at Kyabram, Victoria, and 2 soils, a sodic topsoil (depth 0-0·1 m, ESP 6·9) and the corresponding subsoil (depth 0·2-0 m, ESP 25·7), were collected from a cropped field at Two Wells, South Australia. The soils were incubated for 264 days in a split-plot design. The main treatments were soil type and incubation water content: continuously air-dry, continuously wet (-50 kPa), or with wet/dry cycles. The subtreatment was water content at analysis: air dry or wet (-50 kPa). Clay dispersion was greater when measured on wet soils than dry soils, irrespective of water contents during the prior incubation. Electrical conductivity increased, and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), pH, and organic carbon content decreased as a function of the time for which the soils were wet. In the Kyabram soils that were wet when analysed, easily dispersible clay content increased with SAR. Decreases in moderately dispersible clay under the wetting/drying regime were not related to electrolyte composition, and were attributed to particle rearrangement and cementation. The decreases in clay dispersibility with time occurred despite net losses of carbohydrate and aliphatic materials. An implication of the work is that the decomposition of soil organic matter, even in the absence of fresh additions, may reduce clay dispersion in sodic soils by altering electrolyte concentration and composition.

Sorption of Metribuzin and Metolachlor in Alaskan Subarctic Agricultural Soils

Weed Science ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff S. Graham ◽  
Jeffery S. Conn
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Surface Soils ◽  
Adsorption And Desorption ◽  
Equilibration Temperature

Adsorption and desorption of metribuzin and metolachlor were studied for 0- to 15- and 30- to 45-cm soil depths and at 5 and 28 C temperatures for two subarctic Alaskan agricultural soils. Surface soils had five to eight times the organic carbon content of deeper soils and had lower Freundlich isotherm slopes (1/n) for both herbicides. Surface soil Freundlich coefficients (Kf) were affected by both soil type and equilibration temperature, with soil type accounting for greater than 80% of the variation in Kf. Surface soil mean Kfvalues ranged from 1.5 to 2.4 for metribuzin and 4.4 to 9.2 for metolachlor. For soils from the 30- to 45-cm depth, neither soil type nor temperature affected Kf. Isotherm slopes for desorption were less than adsorption, indicating hysteresis. Regressions between desorption Kfand maximum herbicide adsorbed prior to desorption were highly significant with coefficients of determination (r2) between 0.50 and 0.99.

scholarly journals Determination of soil specific surface area by water vapor adsorption: I Drying of soil samples

1987 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-65
Author(s):  
Raina Niskanen ◽  
Väinö Mäntylahti
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Water Vapor Adsorption ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Clay Sample

Drying of three mineral soil samples (clay content 4—58 %, organic carbon content 1—5 %) equilibrated at 75.5 % relative humidity was studied. The soils were dried in an oven at +50°C, +70°C and + 105°C for 4 and 8 hours and in a desiccator over pure concentrated H2SO4 and P2O5. Drying over desiccants for 8 hours removed less water than drying at + 50°C. Drying over desiccants for 3—7 days was as efficient as drying at +70°C, for 14—24 days as efficient as 4 hours of drying at + 105°C. Eight hours of drying at + 105°C seemed to be too drastic, because it caused a greater weight loss in the clay sample of 5 % organic carbon content than did prolonged desiccant-drying. Drying at + 70°Cremoved as much water from fine sand which contained 4 % clay as prolonged desiccant-drying.

scholarly journals Can mud (silt and clay) concentration be used to predict soil organic carbon content within seagrass ecosystems?

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Serrano ◽  
P. S. Lavery ◽  
C. M. Duarte ◽  
G. A. Kendrick ◽  
A. Calafat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Blue Carbon ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Terrestrial Organic Matter ◽  
Seagrass Meadows ◽  
Clay Concentration ◽  
Seagrass Ecosystems

Abstract. The emerging field of blue carbon science is seeking cost-effective ways to estimate the organic carbon content of soils that are bound by coastal vegetated ecosystems. Organic carbon (Corg) content in terrestrial soils and marine sediments has been correlated with mud content (i.e. silt and clay), however, empirical tests of this theory are lacking for coastal vegetated ecosystems. Here, we compiled data (n = 1345) on the relationship between Corg and mud (i.e. silt and clay, particle sizes <63 μm) contents in seagrass ecosystems (79 cores) and adjacent bare sediments (21 cores) to address whether mud can be used to predict soil Corg content. We also combined these data with the δ13C signatures of the soil Corg to understand the sources of Corg stores. The results showed that mud is positively correlated with soil Corg content only when the contribution of seagrass-derived Corg to the sedimentary Corg pool is relatively low, such as in small and fast growing meadows of the genera Zostera, Halodule and Halophila, and in bare sediments adjacent to seagrass ecosystems. In large and long-living seagrass meadows of the genera Posidonia and Amphibolis there was a lack of, or poor relationship between mud and soil Corg content, related to a higher contribution of seagrass-derived Corg to the sedimentary Corg pool in these meadows. The relative high soil Corg contents with relatively low mud contents (i.e. mud-Corg saturation) together with significant allochthonous inputs of terrestrial organic matter could overall disrupt the correlation expected between soil Corg and mud contents. This study shows that mud (i.e. silt and clay content) is not a universal proxy for blue carbon content in seagrass ecosystems, and therefore should not be applied generally across all seagrass habitats. Mud content can only be used as a proxy to estimate soil Corg content for scaling up purposes when opportunistic and/or low biomass seagrass species (i.e. Zostera, Halodule and Halophila) are present (explaining 34 to 91% of variability), and in bare sediments (explaining 78% of the variability).

STUDIES WITH WASTE SULPHITE LIQUOR: II. WASTE SULPHITE LIQUOR AS A SOIL AGGREGATING AGENT

1959 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Doyle ◽  
A. A. MacLean
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Early Stages

Ammonium-base waste sulphite liquor (solids) (W.S.L.S.) was added to three soils and incubated for 7 weeks. Weekly measurements of organic carbon content and aggregation showed an increase in aggregation to a maximum at 3 weeks, followed by a decline and then by a second increase at 6 weeks. This increase and decline in aggregation paralleled very closely the corresponding biological activity as indicated by loss of organic carbon. Results suggest that decomposition of sugars is responsible for the⁁ development of aggregation in the early stages of incubation and that the ligninsulphonates may have an effect after further incubation.The aggregating effect of W.S.L.S. was compared with that of two synthetic conditioners HPAN and VAMA. The effect of all materials varied considerably with the clay content of the soil. Results indicate that W.S.L.S. is about 1/16 as effective as HPAN and about 1/36 as effective as VAMA.

scholarly journals Triaxial Testing to Determine the Effect of Soil Type and Organic Carbon Content on Soil Consolidation and Shear Deformation Characteristics

2014 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 1192-1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debashis Chakraborty ◽  
Christopher W. Watts ◽  
David S. Powlson ◽  
Andrew J. Macdonald ◽  
Rhys W. Ashton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Shear Deformation ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Triaxial Testing ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Deformation Characteristics ◽  
Soil Consolidation

Isolating the soil type effect on the organic carbon content in a Rendzic Leptosol and an Andosol on a limestone plateau with andesite protrusions

Geoderma ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 302 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marián Homolák ◽  
Erika Kriaková ◽  
Viliam Pichler ◽  
Erika Gömöryová ◽  
Juraj Bebej
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Organic Carbon Content
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