Nitrate leaching and adsorption in a krasnozem from Redland Bay, QLD. I. Leaching of banded ammonium nitrate in a horticultural rotation

Soil Research ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 171 ◽  
Author(s):  
AS Black ◽  
SA Waring
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Vertical Movement ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Lateral Movement ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Water Balance Equation ◽  
Cover Cropping ◽  
Nitrate Adsorption ◽  
Bean Crop

Ammonium nitrate at a rate of 165 kg nitrogen ha-l was placed in bands 76 cm apart in a krasnozem. The fertilized plots were either kept bare or cropped using a horticultuial rotation. Soil samples were collected at various time intervals to a depth of 300 cm. The amount of leachate was estimated from the water balance equation and the relative movement of nitrate with water determined. Of the mineral nitrogen initially in the soil, 72% (201 kg nitrogen ha-1) remained as nitrate between the depths of 40 and 120 cm following a bean crop. Prolonged cover cropping with oats decreased the amount of nitrate to less than 44 kg nitrogen ha-1 (< 2 mg nitrate nitrogen kg-1) in the surface 160 cm of the profile. In the bare plots, nitrate movement per 10 mm of leachate decreased with depth, lateral movement was gradual, and vertical movement was concentration dependent below 160 cm. These results are discussed in terms of the direction of water flow, soil structural properties and nitrate adsorption.

scholarly journals Effects of Wastewater Sludge Topdressing on Color, Quality, and Clipping Yield of a Turfgrass Mixture

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1308-1313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ugur Bilgili ◽  
F. Olcay Topac-Sagban ◽  
Irfan Surer ◽  
Nejla Caliskan ◽  
Pervin Uzun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Color Quality ◽  
Turf Soils ◽  
Sludge Application

The objectives of the present study were to determine the effects of the rate and timing of the application of sun-dried wastewater sludge from a food processing company's wastewater system on turfgrass growth and quality. The results were compared with those obtained with ammonium nitrate, and changes in the concentration of heavy metals and the presence of fecal coliform in turf soils after sun-dried wastewater sludge application were determined. The rate and the timing of sun-dried wastewater sludge and ammonium nitrate applications affected the turf color, quality, and clipping yield. Monthly fertilization resulted in a more uniform color and turf quality than infrequent spring and fall fertilization. Compared with the background values of base soils, heavy metals did not accumulate in sun-dried wastewater sludge-amended soils over the test period. Fecal coliform was not detected in sludge-amended soil samples, indicating that bacteria regrowth did not occur during the study period.

RELATIONSHIP OF YIELD AND TOTAL NITROGEN UPTAKE OF BRUSSELS SPROUTS PLANTS GROWN IN THE GREENHOUSE TO AVAILABLE SOIL NITROGEN

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Munro
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Moist Soil ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Brussels Sprouts ◽  
Relationship Of

Initial nitrate-nitrogen content of the soil gave a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.93 with yields and with total nitrogen uptake of Brussels sprouts plants (Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera DC., Jade Cross). Soil nitrogen extracted with 0.01 M NaHCO3 gave r values of 0.76 with yields and 0.75 with nitrogen uptake. Nitrate incubation results from leached, moist soil samples gave r values of 0.59 with yields and 0.56 with nitrogen uptake. However, air-drying of soil samples prior to leaching and incubation resulted in r values of only 0.15 and 0.11 with yields and nitrogen uptake, respectively. Available nitrogen determined by incubation without previous leaching of the soil samples gave high r values because of the influence of the initial nitrate nitrogen in the soil.

A spatial analysis of lateral and vertical fluxes of water associated with a perched watertable in a duplex soil

Soil Research ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 879 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Eastham ◽  
P. J. Gregory ◽  
D. R. Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Vertical Movement ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Clay Layer ◽  
Lateral Movement ◽  
Vertical Fluxes ◽  
Heavy Clay ◽  
Experimental Plots

Rates of lateral and vertical movement of water were investigated when severe waterlogging occurred as a result of a perched watertable over a clay subsoil in a duplex soil on a low (1.6%) slope in Western Australia. The severity of waterlogging and both the lateral and vertical fluxes of water at the 1.4 ha site were very spatially variable. Lateral water movement occurred in response to topographical gradients in the soil surface and the depth of the clay layer. As a result of this lateral redistribution of water, the depth of the watertable was greater in some areas, causing higher rates of vertical water loss (1.6–1.7 mm/day) compared with the rest of the site (1.2–1.5 mm/day). Net gains or losses in water in experimental plots at the site due to lateral flow were 1–2 orders of magnitude smaller than vertical losses. Net lateral losses were less than 0.3 mm/day, but vertical losses ranged from 1.2 to 1.7 mm/day. We conclude that vertical drainage beneath crops growing on a duplex soil with a heavy clay subsoil can be significant when a head of water develops under climatic conditions conducive to waterlogging. In contrast, net lateral movement was generally small because of the low slope at the site (gradient of 0.016), and is likely to be insignificant at this site and other sites with duplex soils on similarly low slopes.

scholarly journals Fertilizer nitrogen in soil

1961 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-184
Author(s):  
Armi Kaila ◽  
Pentti Hänninen
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Nitrogen Contents ◽  
Considerable Period

The distribution of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in the soils of field trials was followed in two growing seasons. In these trials ammonium nitrate limestone and calcium nitrate were, at several rates, applied as surface dressing. It was found that not only the ammonium nitrogen but also the nitrate nitrogen applied to the surface of loam, silt, silt clay, and fine sand clay soils tended to remain in the top inch for a considerable period in the absence of heavy rainfalls or a longer wet period. The plants appeared rapidly to deplete the layers downwards from 1 inch, but even after six and eight weeks from the application of the fertilizers the ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen contents of the surface inch could be markedly higher in the treated plots than in the untreated ones. In the non-cropped soil, eight weeks after the application of the fertilizers, the mineral nitrogen content of the top inch corresponded to about 60 % of the nitrogen applied. On the basis of these results the working in or placement of nitrogen fertilizers seems to be profitable. Fixation of ammonium nitrogen in unexchangeable forms was observed in some of the trials. This, however, did not significantly impair the value of ammonium nitrate limestone as a nitrogen source in these trials.

scholarly journals Potato Genotypes Differ in Petiole Nitrate-nitrogen Concentrations Over Time

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy J. Lewis ◽  
Stephen L. Love
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Sampling Time ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Available N ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Over Time

Petiole NO3-N concentrations (PNCs) of seven potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) genotypes grown under four N treatments were studied. In 1986-88, the cultigens were planted in plots with a gradient of available N created by adding 0,140,280, or 420 kg N/ha ammonium nitrate split between preplant and periodic seasonal applications. PNCs were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected by year, sampling time (four times per season), N rate, and cultigen. All first- and second-order interactions were also significant (P <0.05). The relative PNC ranking among cultigens remained nearly constant across years when averaged across sampling dates and N rates. Regression-equation distinctiveness for each cultigen relating PNC to sampling time demonstrated a genotypic influence on seasonal PNC and allowed separation into four response classes. Using a data subset consisting of the 1988 trial, an optimal N rate was determined and regression equations were computed relating PNC to sampling date for each cultigen at the applied N rate nearest to the optimum. Tests for distinction separated the equations of the seven cultigens into six unique classes; `Frontier Russet' and `Ranger Russet' equations were coincident.

scholarly journals GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS AND YIELD OF `HERITAGE' RASPBERRY AS AFFECTED BY ADDED NITROGEN

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 666c-666
Author(s):  
G.M. Lessman ◽  
D.E. Deyton ◽  
C.E. Sams
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
N Content ◽  
Foliar N ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
N Treatment ◽  
Made In

Tissue cultured `Heritage' raspberry plants were planted in April 1990. Split applications of ammonium nitrate were made to 0.6 m widths on each side of the row at total rates of 0, 22, 45, 90, or 180 kg/ha. Applications were made in May and August in 1990 and in March and July in 1991. The plants were cut to ground level during the winter. In 1990, cane length and number of buds on the central cane were unaltered by N treatment, but all N treatments resulted in the development of more canes than the control and thus more total length of cane growth. Date of 50% accumulated yield was advanced and total yield increased with added N. Foliar N contents (2.35%) of the two highest rates were greater (3 weeks after the second application) than the control (2.12%). In 1991, early yield was slightly delayed by N. Total yield was reduced by the highest N rate. The 45 kg/ha N treatment had the highest yield of 2.53 t/ha. Plants receiving 180 kg/ha had greater foliar N content in June and October than control plants. Soil samples were taken to 30 cm on June 29, 1991. About 80% of the nitrate-N was found in the top 15 cm.

scholarly journals Adsorption of nitrate as a groundwater pollutant by soil particles

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 141-146
Author(s):  
Chieko Nakayama ◽  
Yoshinori Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Breakthrough Curve ◽  
Amorphous Material ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Nitrate Contamination ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Batch Test ◽  
Column Test ◽  
Nitrate Adsorption

This study discusses nitrogen adsorption in several soil samples of the Kanto loam collected from two locations in the Kanto plain. Their chemical properties were assessed on each of the soil samples as well as on pure allophane clay by instrumental analysis using batch and soil column tests. Nitrogen-nitrate adsorption by soil samples was determined by a 10-hour batch test using a nitric acid solution of 0.14 mmol. A saturation column test was conducted to obtain a breakthrough curve and calculate the coefficients of dispersion and retardation. The extent of nitrate adsorption in soil samples was confirmed by percolation with 0.14 mmol nitric acid through columns packed with the soil sample and silicate sand. In the batch test, it was found that the amount of nitrate adsorption was greater in allophane-rich volcanic ash soils with the amount of nitrate adsorption increasing under conditions of low pH. The breakthrough curve determined by the column test showed that the coefficient of retardation increased in allophane-rich soils. Adsorption of nitrates by Kanto loam soils was thus found to be dependent upon the content of allophane and amorphous material in the soil. Since the positive charge of allophane has the potential to reduce the nitrate content in groundwater, it can be effectively applied to reduce nitrate contamination in groundwater.

scholarly journals Observations on the effect of organic materila upon aggregation and nitrate-nitrogen content of soil

1952 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-134
Author(s):  
Armi Kaila ◽  
Pertti Kivinen
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Aggregation State ◽  
Water Stable Aggregates ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Simultaneous Immobilization ◽  
Properties Of Soil

In the experiments reported above the effect of organic material upon the aggregation of soil particles and the simultaneous immobilization of mineral nitrogen by microorganisms were studied. The relative amount of water-stable aggregates larger than 0.5 mm in diameter was considered to indicate the aggregation state of the soil samples. Probably, somewhat different results were obtained if the crumb formation had been determined by some other method, but it is not sure that these would have been more reliable. Since the incubation of soil samples were performed under aerobic conditions, and all the samples were mineral soils, it seemed justifiable to take the nitrate-nitrogen content of the soil samples to characterize the amount of mineral nitrogen in them. On the basis of the results the general conclusion may be drawn that the more favourable the conditions are for the development of an active and large microflora in the soil, the more intensively the crumb formation and the immobilization of nitrogen takes place, but also the destruction of aggregates begins the more rapidlv. This appeared to be true with regard to the indigenous fertility of soil as well as to the fertilization. Liming, however, did not improve the conditions in these experiment, probably due to the rather slight acidity of the soil samples used. Under otherwise similar conditions the larger amount of straw produced larger amount of aggregates, but the differences in the nitrate-nitrogen content of soil in the presence of various amounts of straw were neglibigle. Generally, the degree of immobilization of soil nitrogen seemed largely to depend on the properties of soil and on other environmental conditions, and nitrogen applications, theoretically enough for the needs of microorganisms that decomposed the straw, could not always prevent an intensive absorption of soil nitrogen. The crumb formation appeared to need mere energy-yielding material than the immobilization of nitrogen, or the destruction of crumbs occurred more rapidly than the nitrification of microbiologically bound nitrogen.

scholarly journals A Laboratory Based Study On The Movement Of Radiocaesium In Some Soil Columns By Gamma Spectrometer

1970 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Haque ◽  
S Ghose ◽  
SMA Islam
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Liquid Radioactive Waste ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Vertical Movement ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Retardation Factor ◽  
Transport Parameters ◽  
Nuclear Facilities

The fate and movement of 137Cs in different types of soil profiles of Chittagong City and Ishwardi Upazila of Bangladesh were investigated with laboratory based column method by γ-spectrometer. The diffusion coefficient, distribution coefficient and retardation factors of 137Cs were measured. The physio-chemical characteristics and radioactive concentration of natural radionuclides of the soil samples were also measured. The maximum diffusion coefficient was found 2.06 X 10-5 cm2/s in the investigated soils. The vertical movement of 137Cs in those soil samples found to be slow. Maximum of clay content corresponded with the maximum of retardation factor and with the minimum of diffusion coefficient. This experimental findings demonstrated that caesium is strongly absorbed in soil particles and therefore, do not pose any threat to ground water contamination by the approximated future accidental release of 137Cs in the study area. Moreover, the locally available clay can be used as an adsorbent for the decontamination of liquid radioactive waste generated at nuclear facilities without any pretreatment. Key words: Radioisotopes; Physio-chemical; Transport parameters; Soil column DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v35i2.9417 JBAS 2011; 35(2): 141-151

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