An electron microprobe study of the relationships between heavy metals and manganese and iron in soils and ocean floor nodules

Soil Research ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
RM McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Iron Oxides ◽  
Electron Microprobe ◽  
Manganese Oxides ◽  
Ocean Floor ◽  
Manganese Nodules ◽  
Considerable Fraction

Six soils, six manganese nodules derived from soils and two ocean floor nodules were analysed by electron microprobe techniques to determine inter-element relationships. Cobalt was related to manganese in all samples, and a considerable fraction of the total cobalt in the soils was associated with the manganese oxides. Nickel was related to manganese in all of the nodules and some of the soils. In the soils, although the concentrations of nickel were highest in the manganese oxides, a large proportion of the total nickel was actually associated with the iron oxides. Copper and particularly zinc accumulated in the iron oxides in the soils, but in the nodules these elements were associated with either manganese or iron, and in some cases with neither.

Chemical and stable isotope fractionation in manganese oxide—phosphorite mineralization, Timna Valley, Israel

1990 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miryam Bar-Matthews ◽  
Alan Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Manganese Oxides ◽  
Ocean Floor ◽  
Pore Waters ◽  
Manganese Nodules ◽  
Element Abundances ◽  
Stable Isotope Fractionation ◽  
Clastic Sediments ◽  
Element Carbon ◽  
Carbon And Oxygen Isotope ◽  
Epigenetic Processes

AbstractElement, carbon and oxygen isotope fractionations have been studied in laminated deposits, manganese nodules and phosphorite lenses in clastic sediments of the Cambrian Timna Formation, southern Israel. Comparisons of element abundances show that only manganese, phosphorus and uranium were mobilized and concentrated during diagenesis: element fractionations among the diagenetic manganese components particularly resemble those observed in present-day suboxic pelagic marine sediments. Epigenetic processes involving reducing solutions reversed the diagenetic geochemical trends, with the redox-sensitive elements manganese and uranium showing considerable depletions in nodules, and iron and lead showing corresponding enrichments. The manganese oxides of nodules have calculated δ18O compositions varying from –1.6 to 3.1 ‰. These compositions are significantly lower than a δ18O value of 7.9 ‰ obtained for the manganese oxides of an ocean floor nodule and are taken to largely represent temperature differences between the ocean floor and the shallow marine Timna conditions. Slight decreases in δ18O accompany the transformation from diagenetic type A to epigenetic type B manganese nodules; corresponding shifts to lower δ18O are also inferred for the structural carbonate of apatites. Such shifts are compatible with re-equilibration accompanying a slight temperature increase and/or low temperature meteoric-water alteration. δ13C values of –7 to –12‰ obtained for the apatites of laminated deposits and phosphorite lenses are consistent with phosphorite diagenesis in suboxic to anoxic pore-waters. Early diagenetic redox conditions are indicated to be major controls governing the development of the assemblages.

The adsorption of lead and other heavy metals on oxides of manganese and iron

Soil Research ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
RM McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Iron Oxides ◽  
Manganese Oxides ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Copper Manganese ◽  
Manganese Minerals ◽  
Nickel Lead ◽  
Cobalt Copper

Measurements were made of the adsorption of cobalt, copper, manganese, nickel, lead, and zinc on nine synthetic manganese oxides and three synthetic iron oxides, to determine the mechanism by which lead accumulates in the manganese oxides in soils. Adsorption of lead by the manganese oxides was up to 40 times greater than that by the iron oxides, and lead was adsorbed more strongly than any of the other ions studied by all of the oxides except goethite. This is considered to be the reason for the accumulation of lead in the manganese oxides in soils. No evidence was found for the oxidation of lead, nor for the formation of specific lead-manganese minerals.

scholarly journals Sorption behavior of heavy metals on poorly crystalline manganese oxides: roles of water conditions and light

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1519-1525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun-Ju Kim ◽  
Jungwon Kim ◽  
Sung-Chan Choi ◽  
Yoon-Seok Chang
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Manganese Oxides ◽  
Sorption Behavior ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
Uptake And Release

This study investigated Cu(ii) uptake and release in a poorly crystalline δ-MnO2 system based on mechanisms of aggregation and photoinduced dissolution.

scholarly journals XXXII.—On the Manganese Oxides and Manganese Nodules in Marine Deposits

1895 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 721-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Murray ◽  
Robert Irvine
Keyword(s):  
Manganese Dioxide ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Manganese Oxides ◽  
Manganese Nodules ◽  
Red Clay ◽  
Marine Deposits ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Manganese Deposits ◽  
Volcanic Debris ◽  
Challenger Deep

During the “Challenger” Deep-Sea Exploring Expedition a great many peculiar-looking manganese nodules or concretions were dredged from the floor of the ocean at great depths, chiefly in the Red Clay areas of the Pacific, but also in less abundance in the Red Clays of the Atlantic. In the other varieties of Deep-Sea deposits these nodules were much less abundant than in the Red Clays.In still more recent soundings, both American and British ships have discovered in many regions of the Pacific and Indian Oceans a dark-brown coloured deposit containing a large amount of manganese dioxide, similar in character to the Red Clays from which the “Challenger” procured the largest hauls of manganese nodules. There is then every reason for supposing that manganese deposits and nodules are very widely distributed over the ocean's bed, especially in deep water at great distances from land. It was only occasionally that manganese nodules were present in any abundance in a Globigerina Ooze, and in these exceptional instances there was always much volcanic debris associated with the deposit. In the Blue Muds surrounding continental shores manganese nodules were rarely observed; still, on some rocks and boulders dredged from terrigenous deposits, a coating of manganese dioxide was observed on that portion of the stone which had projected above the surface of the mud.

scholarly journals The origin of manganese nodules on the ocean floor

1965 ◽  
Vol 263 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bonatti ◽  
Y. R. Nayudu
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Floor ◽  
Manganese Nodules

scholarly journals Feasibility of Different Drying Methods to Remedy Deep-sea Mining Tailings Using the Formation of Alginate-rhamnolipid Complexes With Harmful Heavy Metals Contained in Manganese Nodules

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleum Lee ◽  
KYOUNGREN KIM
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Manganese Nodules ◽  
Performance Technology ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
High Temperature Drying

Abstract This study investigated the usability of two drying methods to recover heavy metals contained in manganese nodules. Materials containing harmful heavy metals would be discharged during deep-sea mining processes. To improve the efficiency of future remediation practices, high-performance technology should have to be applied. Herein, two nontoxic and bio-derived substances, alginate and rhamnolipids, were used to form complexes. The complexes formed a complicated alginate-rhamnolipid (Alg-Rh) structure and that could prohibit heavy metals from being discharged by solidifying them within the complex. The content, appearance, composition, and particles of the Alg-Rh complexes formed by two drying methods—freeze-drying and high-temperature drying—were studied. In particular, metal compositions were observed between the different drying methods. These methods were found to provide good potential for remediating high concentrations of target heavy metals. Therefore, these findings can be used as a basis for future remediation technologies, including useful heavy metal recovery and high-efficiency separation.

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