Variations in soil fungal communities after continuous fertiliser treatment under the ridge and furrow rainfall harvesting system in a semiarid region of China

Soil Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Qian Ma ◽  
Yingxin Wang ◽  
Zhilin Hu ◽  
Donghua Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Western China ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Fertiliser Application

The ridge and furrow rainfall harvesting (RFRH) system enhances the rainfall use efficiency and crop yield in rain-fed areas of north-western China. In this study, we determined the effects of RFRH on the soil fungal community composition and diversity in a 5-year fertilisation experiment (N:P fertiliser rates of 0:0, 150:75, 300:150, and 450:225 kg ha–1 year–1) in the dryland farming area of the Loess Plateau. Excessive fertiliser application reduced the crop productivity and a moderate rate of 300:150 kg ha–1 year–1) produced the highest maize yield. The available phosphorus (AP), organic carbon, nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) and total nitrogen contents increased with the fertiliser rate, whereas soil water content decreased. The relative abundances of Ascomycota, Fusarium and Zygomycota increased (P < 0.05) with the fertiliser application rate, whereas those of Basidiomycota and Glomeromycota decreased (P < 0.05). The fungal diversity (Shannon–Wiener index: P = 0.016) and composition (unweighted UniFrac: P = 0.024) were significantly affected by fertilisation. The NO3-N and AP were the main factors that affected fungal composition and diversity. Thus, fertilisation changed the fungal community composition and diversity, and a higher fertiliser rate negatively affected nutrient cycling and the stability of the soil ecosystem under RFRH.

scholarly journals Long-Term Fertilization Affects Soil Microbiota, Improves Yield and Benefits Soil

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1664
Author(s):  
Felix R. Kurzemann ◽  
Ulrich Plieger ◽  
Maraike Probst ◽  
Heide Spiegel ◽  
Taru Sandén ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Soil Microbiota

Fertilization of soil is needed to fulfill the growing demand for livestock feed and human food requirements. However, fertilization has short and long-term impacts on the soil microbiota. These, in turn, may influence plant viability and growth. We investigated the soil microbiota of a 27-year field trial, focusing on the influences of mineral nitrogen (N) fertilization, different composts and combinations of compost plus mineral N as soil amendments. Two N rates (0 and 80 kg per ha) and four different composts (urban organic waste compost (OWC) green waste compost (GC), farmyard manure (MC) compost and sewage sludge compost (SSC)) were used. Soil samples for this study were taken in 2018 after the growing season of maize. In addition to maize yield, the effects on soil physicochemical properties and the soil microbiota were analyzed. There was a trend for increased maize yields for all fertilizers; however, only the application of GC and SSC in combination with mineral N fertilizer showed significant effects. The different organic amendments influenced physicochemical soil properties. Phosphorus concentrations were three times higher in plots receiving SSC (≈312 mg kg−1) and SSC + N (≈297 mg kg−1) than control (≈89 mg kg−1) or mineral N fertilizer (≈97 mg kg−1) alone. Magnesium concentrations in plots treated with SSC (≈74 mg kg−1) were lower compared to soils treated with GC and MC, respectively (≈135 mg kg−1 and 126 mg kg−1). Bacteria exceeded the fungal community in terms of both richness and diversity. While the bacterial community composition differed significantly among the treatments, the fungal community composition was rather unaffected. Our conclusion is that composts produced from various substrates serve as valuable nutrient sources for plants and can partially substitute mineral N. In addition, composts increased soil microbial biomass and modulated the composition of the soil’s microbial community.

scholarly journals Fungal Community Composition and Diversity Vary With Soil Horizons in a Subtropical Forest

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Luo ◽  
Kezhong Liu ◽  
Yuyu Shen ◽  
Guojing Yao ◽  
Wenguang Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Soil Fungal Community ◽  
Soil Fungal Community Composition

Soil fungal communities, which drive many ecosystem processes, vary across soil horizons. However, how fungal communities are influenced by soil horizon layers remains largely unstudied. In this study, soil samples were collected from the organic horizon (O horizon) and mineral matter horizon (M horizon) in two sites of Dabie Mountain, China, and the effects of the two horizons on the soil fungal community composition were assessed based on Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Our results showed that soil fungal community composition varied with soil horizons, and soil fungal species richness and diversity in the O horizon were significantly higher than that in the M horizon. Total organic carbon (TOC), total organic nitrogen (TON), alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen (AHN), available potassium (AK), and available phosphorus (AP) significantly influenced fungal community composition, abundance, and diversity across the two horizons (P < 0.05). Furthermore, precipitation was found to have a significant effect on fungal community composition. Our results demonstrate changes in fungal communities across soil horizons and highlight the importance of soil organic matter on fungal communities and diversity.

scholarly journals Earthworms drastically change fungal and bacterial communities during vermicomposting of sewage sludge

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Domínguez ◽  
Manuel Aira ◽  
Keith A. Crandall ◽  
Marcos Pérez-Losada
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Earthworm Casts ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Sustainable Agricultural Practices

AbstractWastewater treatment plants produce hundreds of million tons of sewage sludge every year all over the world. Vermicomposting is well established worldwide and has been successful at processing sewage sludge, which can contribute to alleviate the severe environmental problems caused by its disposal. Here, we utilized 16S and ITS rRNA high-throughput sequencing to characterize bacterial and fungal community composition and structure during the gut- and cast-associated processes (GAP and CAP, respectively) of vermicomposting of sewage sludge. Bacterial and fungal communities of earthworm casts were mainly composed of microbial taxa not found in the sewage sludge; thus most of the bacterial (96%) and fungal (91%) taxa in the sewage sludge were eliminated during vermicomposting, mainly through the GAP. Upon completion of GAP and during CAP, modified microbial communities undergo a succession process leading to more diverse microbiotas than those found in sewage sludge. Consequently, bacterial and fungal community composition changed significantly during vermicomposting. Vermicomposting of sewage resulted in a stable and rich microbial community with potential biostimulant properties that may aid plant growth. Our results support the use of vermicompost derived from sewage sludge for sustainable agricultural practices, if heavy metals or other pollutants are under legislation limits or adequately treated.

Secondary metabolites and nutrients explain fungal community composition in aspen wood

2021 ◽  
pp. 101115
Author(s):  
T. Birkemoe ◽  
L. Nybakken ◽  
M. Andelic ◽  
M.-J. Tangnæs ◽  
A. Sverdrup-Thygeson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Aspen Wood ◽  
Fungal Community Composition
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