Mitigation of ammonia volatilisation from urea with micronised sulfur applied to common bean

Soil Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 357
Author(s):  
Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol ◽  
Danilo Silva Almeida ◽  
Cleiton José Alves ◽  
Rogério Peres Soratto ◽  
Evelin Oliveira Krebsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Limiting Nutrient ◽  
Bean Yield ◽  
Urea Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonia Volatilisation ◽  
Sulfate Application ◽  
Urea Granules

Urea with micronised sulfur (S) in granules may result in lower nitrogen (N) depletion through ammoniacal N (NH3-N) loss than conventional urea due to the acidification reaction of S near urea granules in soil, and the addition of S to the urea may provide a limiting nutrient in tropical soils. The research objectives were to (1) verify whether urea containing micronised S (urea+S) can mitigate NH3-N volatilisation in comparison to conventional urea, ammonium nitrate, and ammonium sulfate; and (2) evaluate the efficiency of N and S sources for common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grown on coarse-, medium-, and fine-textured soil. The results showed that ~90% of NH3-N volatilisation occurred during the first 14 days after application. The blend of elemental sulfur and sulfate in urea reduces the loss of N by NH3-N volatilisation compared with regular urea but not enough to achieve the low volatilisation as observed for ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate application. Despite the differences in the leaf N and S concentration and bean yield components, no differences were observed among N sources in grain yield in general.

scholarly journals Ammonia Volatilization, Forage Accumulation, and Nutritive Value of Marandu Palisade Grass Pastures in Different N Sources and Doses

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1179
Author(s):  
Darlena Caroline da Cruz Corrêa ◽  
Abmael da Silva Cardoso ◽  
Mariane Rodrigues Ferreira ◽  
Débora Siniscalchi ◽  
Pedro Henrique de Almeida Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Urea Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
The Impact

The reduction in ammonia (NH3) losses from volatilization has significant implications in forage production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of N fertilizers (urea, ammonium nitrate, and ammonium sulfate) and four doses (0, 90, 180 and 270 kg N ha−1) on N losses by NH3 volatilization, accumulation, and forage chemical composition of Urochloa brizantha cv Marandu. Two field experiments were conducted to measure NH3 losses using semi-open chambers. The forage accumulation and chemical composition were evaluated in the third experiment; the response variables included forage accumulation, crude protein (CP), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Compared to urea, ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate reduced NH3 losses by 84% and 87% and increased total forage accumulation by 14% and 23%, respectively. Forage accumulation rate and CP increased linearly with the N levels, while NDF contents decreased linearly with the N levels. In both experiments, NH3 losses and forage characteristics were different according to the rainfall pattern and temperature variations. Our results indicate that the use of nitric and ammoniacal fertilizers and the application of fertilizer in the rainy season constitute an efficient fertilizer management strategy to increase forage yield and decrease losses from volatilization of NH3.

scholarly journals Adjuvant Effects on Imazethapyr, 2,4-D and Picloram Absorption by Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula)

Weed Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Mack Thompson ◽  
Scott J. Nissen ◽  
Robert A. Masters
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Leafy Spurge ◽  
Cuticular Waxes ◽  
Adaxial Leaf Surface ◽  
Abaxial Leaf Surface ◽  
Urea Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Adjuvant Effects

Laboratory experiments were conducted to identify adjuvants that improve absorption of imazethapyr, 2,4-D amine, and picloram by leafy spurge. Adjuvants (0.25% v/v) included crop oil concentrate (COC), methylated seed oil (MSO), nonionic surfactant (NIS), organosilicones (Silwet L-77®, Sylgard® 309, Silwet® 408), 3:1 mixtures of acetylinic diol ethoxylates (ADE40, ADE65, ADE85) with Silwet L-77, ammonium sulfate (2.5 kg ha−1), and 28% urea ammonium nitrate (UAN, 2.5% v/v). Adjuvants were combined with14C-herbicide and commercially formulated herbicide product. Leaves were harvested 2 DAT, rinsed with 10% aqueous methanol to remove surface deposits of herbicide, and dipped in 9:1 hexane:acetone to solubilize cuticular waxes. Imazethapyr absorption increased by 38 to 68% when UAN was combined with COC, NIS, or MSO. Total absorption of imazethapyr plus COC, MSO, or NIS exceeded 86% 2 DAT when UAN was added. Urea ammonium nitrate reduced the amount of imazethapyr associated with the cuticular wax by 2.0%. Imazethapyr absorption was similar on both the abaxial and adaxial leaf surface when UAN was not added; however, 12% more imazethapyr was absorbed from the abaxial leaf surface than from the adaxial leaf surface when UAN was combined with Sylgard 309. Uptake of 2,4-D ranged from 54 to 78% and was greatest with Silwet 408 and 3:1 mixture of ADE40: Silwet L-77. Picloram absorption ranged from 3 to 19%. Buffering picloram treatment solutions to pH 7 and including 2.5 kg ha-1ammonium sulfate increased picloram absorption to 37%.

scholarly journals Ammonia volatilisation from urease inhibitor-treated urea applied to sugarcane trash blankets

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heitor Cantarella ◽  
Paulo Cesar Ocheuze Trivelin ◽  
Teodoro Leonardo Michelucci Contin ◽  
Fábio Luis Ferreira Dias ◽  
Raffaella Rossetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Urease Inhibitor ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Fertilisers ◽  
Ammonia Volatilisation ◽  
Fertiliser Application ◽  
Set Up ◽  
N Use

Legal restrictions from burning sugarcane prior to harvest are causing a sharp increase in acreage which is harvested as green cane. The presence of a thick sugarcane trash mulch left after harvest makes it difficult to incorporate fertilisers in the soil. Since large losses of ammonia may occur when urea is surface applied to trash, it is important to find ways to improve urea-N use efficiency. The urease inhibitor NBPT slows down urea hydrolysis and thus may help decrease ammonia losses. Ammonia traps were set up in seven sugarcane fields covered with trash and fertilised with ammonium sulfate or ammonium nitrate, urea, and NBPT-treated urea. All N fertilisers were surface-applied at rates of 80 or 100 kg N ha-1. Very little N was lost when ammonium nitrate or ammonium sulfate were used. However, volatilisation losses as ammonia from the urea treatments varied from 1% (rainy days after fertilisation) to 25% of the applied N. The percentage of reduction in volatilisation due to NBPT application ranged from 15% to 78% depending on the weather conditions during the days following application of N. Addition of NBPT to urea helped to control ammonia losses, but the inhibitor was less effective when rain sufficient to incorporate urea into the soil occurred only 10 to 15 days or latter after fertiliser application.

Quizalofop and Sethoxydim Activity as Affected by Adjuvants and Ammonium Fertilizers

Weed Science ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas H. Beckett ◽  
Edward W. Stoller ◽  
Loren E. Bode
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Ammonium Polyphosphate ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Urea Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Petroleum Oil

Ammonium fertilizers, petroleum oil concentrate, and nonionic surfactant were evaluated as postemergence spray additives to improve giant foxtail and volunteer corn control by 28 g ai ha−1of the ethyl ester of quizalofop or 56 g ha−1sethoxydim. Additions of 0.25% by vol nonionic surfactant or 2.5% petroleum oil concentrate improved grass control, but additions of 10% urea ammonium nitrate (28-0-0), 10% ammonium polyphosphate (10-34-0), or 0.1M ammonium sulfate (21-0-0-24S) did not consistently affect grass control. In laboratory studies with corn, greatest14C absorption from leaf-applied14C-quizalofop (8 h after treatment) was found with additions of petroleum oil concentrate (80% absorbed) or nonionic surfactant (18% absorbed), while less absorption was observed with treatments containing either no additive, urea ammonium nitrate, ammonium polyphosphate, or ammonium sulfate (8 to 13% absorbed). Surface tension and droplet size of spray solutions were affected primarily by additions of nonionic surfactant, petroleum oil concentrate, and the formulated herbicides. Solution density, solute potential, pH, and buffering capacity were primarily affected by fertilizer additions.

scholarly journals Are CH4, CO2, and N2O Emissions from Soil Affected by the Sources and Doses of N in Warm-Season Pasture?

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 697
Author(s):  
Darlena Caroline da Cruz Corrêa ◽  
Abmael da Silva Cardoso ◽  
Mariane Rodrigues Ferreira ◽  
Débora Siniscalchi ◽  
Ariana Desie Toniello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Urea Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ghg Fluxes

The intensification of pasture production has increased the use of N fertilizers—a practice that can alter soil greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the fluxes of CH4, CO2, and N2O in the soil of Urochloa brizantha ‘Marandu’ pastures fertilized with different sources and doses of N. Two field experiments were conducted to evaluate GHG fluxes following N fertilization with urea, ammonium nitrate, and ammonium sulfate at doses of 0, 90, 180, and 270 kg N ha−1. GHG fluxes were quantified using the static chamber technique and gas chromatography. In both experiments, the sources and doses of N did not significantly affect cumulative GHG emissions, while N fertilization significantly affected cumulative N2O and CO2 emissions compared to the control treatment. The N2O emission factor following fertilization with urea, ammonium nitrate, and ammonium sulfate was lower than the United Nations’ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change standard (0.35%, 0.24%, and 0.21%, respectively, with fractionation fertilization and 1.00%, 0.83%, and 1.03%, respectively, with single fertilization). These findings are important for integrating national inventories and improving GHG estimation in tropical regions.

scholarly journals Effect of Five Nitrogen Sources Applied at Four Rates to Pangola Grass Sod Under Humid Tropical Conditions

1969 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 410-416
Author(s):  
Jacinto Figarella ◽  
Fernando Abruña ◽  
José Vicente-Chandler
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Magnesium Content ◽  
Base Content ◽  
Soil Mixing ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Exchangeable Aluminum ◽  
Urea Ammonium Nitrate

The effects of applying ammonium sulfate, urea, ammonium nitrate, urea + CaCO3, and ammonium-nitrate-lime (ANL) at the rate of 0, 170, 340, and 510 pounds of nitrogen per acre yearly to a Pangola grass pasture growing on a Ultisol under humid tropical conditions were determined over a 3-year period. Although the differences were not marked, ammonium sulfate was generally the most efficient and urea the least efficient provider of nitrogen to the Pangola grass pastures. The various nitrogen sources did not affect the phosphorus, potassium, calcium, or magnesium content of Pangola grass. Ammonium sulfate applications, and to a lesser extent urea and ammonium nitrate, increased exchangeable aluminum and decreased pH and exchangeable base content of the soil. Mixing lime with urea or ammonium nitrate did not affect their efficiency as suppliers of nitrogen to the grass, yet maintained soil acidity at levels similar to those of plots receiving no nitrogen.

Effect of nitrogen source and soil type on inorganic nitrogen concentrations and availability in field trials with wheat

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
MG Mason
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Ammonium N ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Urea Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
N Rates

Thirteen trials, each with 3 nitrogen (N) sources (urea, ammonium nitrate, and ammonium sulfate) and 2 N rates (25 and 75 kg N/ha), were carried out during 1987-89, to measure the rate of disappearance of ammonium-N on different soils. Six soil categories were examined, from very acid to calcareous light soils, and from medium to heavy textured soils. Plots were planted with wheat, and at the higher rate of N, fallow plots were included to distinguish plant uptake from other processes such as nitrification and immobilisation that cause the disappearance of ammonium N. Reduction in concentration of ammonium-N was rapid on high pH, light soils (2-3 weeks at Dongara 1988), and slower with decreasing soil pH (e.g. >19 weeks at Merredin 1987). Nitrate-N concentration increased on fertiliser-treated plots at all sites, indicating that nitrification was taking place. Ammonium-N decline was slower with ammonium sulfate supplied than with urea or ammonium nitrate, consistent with its greater acidifying effect in the soil. This difference did not occur on the alkaline light soils, where reduction in concentration of ammonium-N was rapid for all sources. In 1989, the rate of decline of ammonium-N was considerably slowed because the soil surface containing the ammonium-N was dried during a very dry spring with little effective rainfall in September and October.

Ammonia volatilisation from nitrogen fertilisers surface-applied to bare fallows, wheat crops and perennial-grass-based pastures on Vertosols

Soil Research ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme D. Schwenke ◽  
William Manning ◽  
Bruce M. Haigh
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Ammonia Loss ◽  
N Loss ◽  
Surface Application ◽  
N Fertilisers ◽  
Ammonia Volatilisation ◽  
Bare Fallow

Farmers on Vertosols in the northern grains region of Australia are increasingly using pre-crop broadcasting and in-crop topdressing of nitrogen (N) fertilisers. Surface application risks gaseous loss via ammonia volatilisation, but the magnitude of N loss is unknown. Because both soil properties and environmental conditions influence ammonia volatilisation, measurements need to be field-based and non-intrusive, e.g. micrometeorological. We used an integrated horizontal flux technique to measure ammonia volatilised from neutral to alkaline Vertosols for a month after the application of several fertiliser products in 10 bare-fallow paddocks, seven mid-tillering wheat crops, and two perennial-grass-based pastures. Ammonia loss from urea averaged 11% (5.4–19%) when applied to fallow paddocks, 4.8% (3.1–7.6%) when applied to wheat, and 27% when applied to pasture. Volatilisation from urea applied to pastures was high, because there was little rain after spreading. Losses from ammonium sulfate applied to pastures were >60% less than from urea. Nitrogen losses from ammonium sulfate were high (18.6–33.8%) from soils with >10 g 100 g–1 of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), but were 52% less than from urea at five of eight fallow paddocks on non-calcareous soils, and 76% less than from urea at the two pasture paddocks. Coating urea with N-(n-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide reduced ammonia loss at just two of eight fallow paddocks and one of three in-crop paddocks. Ammonia volatilisation from aqueous solutions of urea, urea ammonium nitrate, and ammonium nitrate were either less than or no different from losses from granulated urea, but not consistent. With the exception of ammonium sulfate applied to soils with >10 g 100 g–1 of CaCO3, surface application of N fertiliser during autumn–winter on cropped Vertosols in the Australian northern grains region does not lead to major N loss via ammonia volatilisation.

scholarly journals Nitrogen topdressing and application ways of fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen in weed control and agronomic performance of common bean

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 2301-2307 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATHEUS G. SILVA ◽  
ORIVALDO ARF ◽  
PAULO E. TEODORO
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Bean Yield ◽  
Leaf N Content ◽  
Leaf N

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of interaction between nitrogen topdressing and different application ways (active ingredients) a.i. fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen in weed control and agronomic performance of common bean. The experiment was conducted during winter 2003 in Selvíria/MS. The experimental design used was a randomized block design with four replications in a factorial scheme 2x7. The first factor was composed by the absence or presence of nitrogen topdressing, while the second factor consisted of different application ways of fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen. The following variables were measured: leaf N content, dry matter of plants, yield components (number of pods plant-1, number of grains plant-1, the average number of grains pod-1 and mass of 100 grains), grain yield, phytotoxicity and weed control percentage. The nitrogen topdressing with 75 kg ha-1provided higher dry matter of plants, higher weed control and higher common bean yield of irrigated winter. In the absence of nitrogen topdressing in the application of urea before or together to fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen increased their effectiveness in controlling weeds without interference in the agronomic performance of common bean.

Internal mixing of ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate

2000 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 899-900
Author(s):  
Harry M. Ten Brink ◽  
Pauline Dougle ◽  
Arja Even
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Internal Mixing
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document