scholarly journals The effect of soil physical amendments on reclamation of a saline-sodic soil: simulation of salt leaching using HYDRUS-1D

Soil Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandana Shaygan ◽  
Thomas Baumgartl ◽  
Sven Arnold ◽  
Lucy Pamela Reading
Keyword(s):  
Surface Soil ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Column Studies ◽  
Surface Salinity ◽  
Sodic Soil ◽  
Salt Leaching ◽  
Hydrus 1D ◽  
Amended Soil

Poor soil physical conditions such as low hydraulic conductivity can limit salt depletion from surface soil. Altering the pore system by addition of organic and inorganic amendments may improve salt leaching as a reclamation strategy. Column studies were conducted to investigate salt leaching in amended and non-amended soil profiles. A one-dimensional water and solute transport model (HYDRUS-1D) was also assessed for its applicability to simulate salt leaching for amendment strategy. Columns of length 300mm were filled with saline-sodic soil at the lower end (100–300mm) and then covered with soil amended with 40% (wt/wt) fine sand and 20% (wt/wt) wood chips, separately. A control column was filled with saline-sodic soil only. One rainfall scenario typical for a location in south-west Queensland (Australia) was applied to the columns. Water potentials were monitored using tensiometers installed at three depths: 35, 120 and 250mm. The concentrations of individual cations (Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and K+), electrical conductivity and sodium adsorption ratio of the soil solutions were also monitored for the investigated depths. A reduction in surface salinity (up to 28.5%) was observed in the amended soil profiles. This study indicated that the addition of wood chips to surface soil improved salt leaching under the tested conditions. The simulation successfully predicted both hydrology and chemistry of the columns. This study also concluded that HYDRUS-1D is a powerful tool to simulate salt leaching in the amended soil profiles, and can be applied to predict the success of amendment strategy under natural climatic conditions.

Development of an ammonia nitrogen transport model from surface soil to runoff via raindrop splashing

CATENA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 189 ◽  
pp. 104473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Ao ◽  
Peiling Yang ◽  
Wenzhi Zeng ◽  
Yonghua Jiang ◽  
Haorui Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Soil ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Transport

Assessment of phenol infiltration resilience in soil media by HYDRUS-1D transport model for a waste discharge site

2014 ◽  
Vol 186 (10) ◽  
pp. 6417-6432 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Adhikari ◽  
S. Pal ◽  
B. Chakraborty ◽  
S. N. Mukherjee ◽  
A. Gangopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Transport Model ◽  
Waste Discharge ◽  
Discharge Site ◽  
Soil Media ◽  
Hydrus 1D

Surface Soil Salinity and Soluble Salts after 15 Applications of Composted or Stockpiled Manure with Straw or Wood-Chips

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Miller ◽  
Bruce Beasley ◽  
Craig Drury ◽  
Frank Larney ◽  
Xiying Hao
Keyword(s):  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Soluble Salts

Distribution of Arsenic in Soil Profiles after Repeated Applications of MSMA

Weed Science ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Hiltbold ◽  
B. F. Hajek ◽  
G. A. Buchanan
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Column Studies ◽  
Fine Sandy Loam ◽  
Surface Horizon ◽  
Repeated Applications

Arsenic as MSMA (monosodium methanearsonate) was applied to three soil types over a 6-year period. Percentage recovery of applied arsenic averaged 67, 57, and 39% in Hart-sells fine sandy loam, Decatur silt loam, and Dothan loamy sand soils, respectively. Essentially all of the arsenic recovered in the soils occurred in the plow layer with no evidence of leaching into deeper zones. Batch-equilibrium and soil-column studies in the laboratory indicated that the rate of MSMA movement through the surface horizon would be fastest in Dothan loamy sand and slowest in Decatur silt loam.

The fate of nitrogen fertilisers added to red gradational soils at Batlow, New South Wales, and its implications with respect to soil acidity

Soil Research ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 863 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. P. Little
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Eucalypt Forest ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Exchangeable Ca

Red gradational soils at Batlow, in New South Wales, which are used for apple growing, have acid subsoils with exchangeable aluminium (Al) frequently in excess of exchangeable calcium (Ca). There is often inadequate Ca in the fruit cortex of post-harvest apples to maintain good fruit quality and this can lead to losses in cool-store. It is possible that Al in these acid subsoils has interfered with Ca uptake by the trees. The excessive use of nitrogenous fertilisers leads to soil acidity, and it was thought likely that this was exacerbating the subsoil acidity common in the district. In October 1992, soil analysis detected considerable ammonium in the surface 0·3 m at orchard sites at Batlow monitored for mineral nitrogen (N). This probably came from heavy spring dressings of fertiliser. One site examined in detail showed that about half of the ammonium had disappeared by January 1993, but a large nitrate envelope appeared with a peak at 0·6 m which in turn disappeared by April that year. This establishes that heavy applications of ammonium are nitrified, leached into the subsoil, and lost. Under such a high N regime, orchard soil profiles should be more acid than adjacent forest soils. However, it was found that the acidity of the surface soil was less, and the exchangeable Ca greater in the orchard soils, compared with soil profiles in the adjacent eucalypt forest, although amelioration of the subsoils had not occurred. Samples taken from representative sites at Batlow, at the 0–0·1, 0·1–0·2, and 0·3–0·4 m depths, were dosed with ammonium sulfate and leached with water in the laboratory for 23 days in a free-draining environment. Nitrate and ammonium were determined in the leachates. At the end of the experiment, the pH and exchangeable Ca, Mg, and Mn were determined in the leached samples. Only the neutral surface soils were able to nitrify ammonium effectively and nitrification was positively correlated with pH, and with exchangeable Ca and Mg. From this it is argued that the acidity produced by the addition of ammonium sulfate or urea will be nitrified in the surface but the acidity produced will be neutralised, provided it is accompanied by an adequate dressing of lime. Ammonium tends to remain in the surface soil, but if leached, it will not be nitrified in the subsoil. Nitrate leached into the subsoil will not be acid-forming but, if denitrified, may help to reduce acidity. For this work, the soil pH was measured in 1 KCl. So that readers can refer this to the pH in 0·01 CaCl2, a relationship was established between the two measures.

scholarly journals Modelling soil moisture at SMOS scale by use of a SVAT model over the Valencia Anchor Station

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 831-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Juglea ◽  
Y. Kerr ◽  
A. Mialon ◽  
J.-P. Wigneron ◽  
E. Lopez-Baeza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Sea Surface Salinity ◽  
Surface Soil Moisture ◽  
Surface Salinity ◽  
Anchor Station ◽  
Svat Model

Abstract. The main goal of the SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) mission is to deliver global fields of surface soil moisture and sea surface salinity using L-band (1.4 GHz) radiometry. Within the context of the Science preparation for SMOS, the Valencia Anchor Station (VAS) experimental site, in Spain, was chosen to be one of the main test sites in Europe for Calibration/Validation (Cal/Val) activities. In this framework, the paper presents an approach consisting in accurately simulating a whole SMOS pixel by representing the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the soil moisture fields over the wide VAS surface (50×50 km2). Ground and meteorological measurements over the area are used as the input of a Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere-Transfer (SVAT) model, SURFEX (Externalized Surface) - module ISBA (Interactions between Soil-Biosphere-Atmosphere) to simulate the spatial and temporal distribution of surface soil moisture. The calibration as well as the validation of the ISBA model are performed using in situ soil moisture measurements. It is shown that a good consistency is reached when point comparisons between simulated and in situ soil moisture measurements are made. Actually, an important challenge in remote sensing approaches concerns product validation. In order to obtain an representative soil moisture mapping over the Valencia Anchor Station (50×50 km2 area), a spatialization method is applied. For verification, a comparison between the simulated spatialized soil moisture and remote sensing data from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer on Earth observing System (AMSR-E) and from the European Remote Sensing Satellites (ERS-SCAT) is performed. Despite the fact that AMSR-E surface soil moisture product is not reproducing accurately the absolute values, it provides trustworthy information on surface soil moisture temporal variability. However, during the vegetation growing season the signal is perturbed. By using the polarization ratio a better agreement is obtained. ERS-SCAT soil moisture products are also used to be compared with the simulated spatialized soil moisture. However, the lack of soil moisture data from the ERS-SCAT sensor over the area (45 observations for one year) prevented capturing the soil moisture variability.

scholarly journals Estimating Root Zone Moisture from Surface Soil Using Limited Data

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-516
Author(s):  
Wen-Zhi Zeng ◽  
Guo-Qing Lei ◽  
Hong-Ya Zhang ◽  
Ming-Hai Hong ◽  
Chi Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Monte Carlo Simulations ◽  
Linear Regression Model ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Surface Moisture ◽  
Moisture Estimation ◽  
Hydrus 1D

Abstract For estimation of root-zone moisture content from EO-1/Hyperion imagery, surface soil moisture was first predicted by hyperspectral reflectance data using partial least square regression (PLSR) analysis. The textures of more than 300 soil samples extracted from a 900 m × 900 m field site located within the Hetao Irrigation District in China were used to parameterize the HYDRUS-1D numerical model. The study area was spatially discretized into 18,000 compartments (30 m × 30 m × 0.02 m), and Monte Carlo simulations were applied to generate 2000 different soil-particle size distributions for each compartment. Soil hydraulic properties for each realization were determined by application of artificial neural network analysis and used to parameterize HYDRUS-1D to simulate averaged soil-moisture contents within the root zone (0-40 cm) and surface (approximately 0-4 cm). Then the link between surface moisture and root zone was established by use of linear regression analysis, resulting in R and RMSE of 0.38 and 0.03, respectively. Kriging and co-kriging with observed surface moisture, and co-kriging with surface moisture obtained from Hyperion imagery were also used to estimate root-zone moisture. Results indicated that PLSR is a powerful tool for soil moisture estimation from hyperspectral data. Furthermore, co-kriging with observed surface moisture had the highest R (0.41) and linear regression model, and HYDRUS Monte Carlo simulations had a lowest RMSE (0.03) among the four methods. In regions that have similar climatic and soil conditions to our study area, a linear regression model with HYDRUS Monte Carlo simulations is a practical method for root-zone moisture estimation before sowing and it can be easily coupled with remote sensing technology.

scholarly journals Modelling soil moisture at SMOS scale by use of a SVAT model over the Valencia Anchor Station

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 649-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Juglea ◽  
Y. Kerr ◽  
A. Mialon ◽  
J.-P. Wigneron ◽  
E. Lopez-Baeza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Sea Surface Salinity ◽  
Surface Soil Moisture ◽  
Surface Salinity ◽  
Anchor Station ◽  
Svat Model

Abstract. The main goal of the SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) mission is to deliver global fields of surface soil moisture and sea surface salinity using L-band (1.4 GHz) radiometry. Within the context of the preparation for this mission over land, the Valencia Anchor Station experimental site, in Spain, was chosen to be one of the main test sites in Europe for the SMOS Calibration/Validation (Cal/Val) activities. Ground and meteorological measurements over the area are used as the input of a Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere-Transfer (SVAT) model, SURFEX (Externalized Surface)-module ISBA (Interactions between Soil-Biosphere-Atmosphere) so as to simulate the surface soil moisture. The calibration as well as the validation of the ISBA model was made using in situ soil moisture measurements. It is shown that a good consistency was reached when point comparisons between simulated and in situ soil moisture measurements were made. In order to obtain an accurate soil moisture mapping over the Valencia Anchor Station (50×50 km2 area), a spatialization method has been applied. To validate the approach, a comparison with remote sensing data from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer on Earth observing System (AMSR-E) and from the European Remote Sensing Satellites (ERS-Scat) was performed. Despite the fact that AMSR-E surface soil moisture product is not reproducing accurately the absolute values, it provides trustworthy information on surface soil moisture temporal variability. However, during the vegetation growing season the signal is perturbed. By using the polarization ratio a better agreement is obtained. ERS-Scat soil moisture products were also used to be compared with the simulated spatialized soil moisture. The seasonal variations were well reproduced. However, the lack of soil moisture data over the area (45 observations for one year) was a limit into completely understanding the soil moisture variability.

scholarly journals Morphogenesis Of Three Surface-Water Gley Soils From The Meghna Floodplain Of Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
ZH Khan ◽  
MS Hussain ◽  
F Ottner
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Silt Loam

Surface-water gley soils comprise extensive area on the seasonally wet landscape of Meghna floodplain in Bangladesh. Three typical surface-water gley soils from the above floodplain were studied in the field and laboratory for their pedogenesis. Morphological properties indicate that there is formation of gleyed/ pseudogleyed horizons in the soil profiles. Extensive development of mottles, ploughpans and flood coatings or gleyans is the most notable morphogenetic features in these soils. Physically, these soils are medium to fine textured where textural class ranged between silt loam and silty clay. Chemically, the soils are moderately acidic to neutral in reaction with seasonally fluctuating pH in the surface horizon. The ΔpH values are all negative and range from – 0.90 to – 2.01. The organic matter content in the surface soil is relatively low that decreases steadily with depth. The cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the soils ranged from 3.53 to 14.08 cmol p+/kg with an average of 10.10 cmol p+/kg and base saturation per cent (BSP) varied from 59 to 86. The Ca++/Mg++ ratio is less than unity indicating loss of Ca++ due to gleization in these soils.  

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