The effectiveness of nitrification inhibitor application on grain yield and quality, fertiliser nitrogen recovery and soil nitrous oxide emissions in a legume–wheat rotation under elevated carbon dioxide (FACE)

Soil Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Humaira Sultana ◽  
Helen C. Suter ◽  
Roger Armstrong ◽  
Marc E. Nicolas ◽  
Deli Chen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Copper Concentration ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Elevated Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Supplementary Irrigation ◽  
The Impact

Managing nitrogen (N) supply to better match crop demand and reduce losses will be an important goal under future predicted elevated carbon dioxide (e[CO2]) conditions. This study comprised two Free-Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment (FACE) experiments conducted in southern Australia in 2011. The first experiment (Exp-1) was a field experiment that investigated the impact of a nitrification inhibitor (NI), 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP), and supplementary irrigation on utilisation of legume (field pea) residual N by a wheat crop and soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. The second experiment (Exp-2) used 15N techniques in soil cores to investigate the impact of DMPP on recovery of fertiliser N. In Exp-1, grain N concentration increased (by 12%, P < 0.001) with NI application compared with no NI application, irrespective of CO2 concentration ([CO2]) and supplementary irrigation. With NI application the grain N harvest index increased under e[CO2] (82%) compared with a[CO2] (79%). Applying the NI compensated for decreased grain copper concentration observed under e[CO2] conditions. NI had minimal effect on soil N2O emissions in the wheat crop regardless of [CO2]. In Exp-2, 65% (±1 standard error, n = 15) of the applied N fertiliser was recovered in the aboveground plant, irrespective of NI use. The use of a NI in a cereal–legume rotation may help to increase grain N concentration, increase the mobilisation of N towards the grain under e[CO2], and may also help to compensate for decreases in grain copper concentration under e[CO2]. However, use of a NI may not provide additional benefit for productivity or efficiency of N utilisation.

scholarly journals Nitrous oxide, ammonia and methane from Australian meat chicken houses measured under commercial operating conditions and with mitigation strategies applied

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Wiedemann ◽  
F. A. Phillips ◽  
T. A. Naylor ◽  
E. J. McGahan ◽  
O. B. Keane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Litter Depth ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Equivalents ◽  
The Impact

Greenhouse gas (GHG) and ammonia emissions are important environmental impacts from meat chicken houses. This study measured ammonia (NH3), nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) in two trials from paired, commercial meat chicken houses using standard (control) and mitigation strategies. In Trial 1, emissions from houses with standard litter depth of 47 mm (LD47) or increased litter depth of 67 mm (LD67) were compared. When standardised to a 42-day-old bird, emissions were 11.9 g NH3/bird, 0.30 g N2O/bird and 0.16 g CH4/bird from the LD47 and 11.7 g NH3/bird, 0.69 g N2O/bird and 0.12 g CH4/bird from the LD67. Emissions per kilogram of manure N were 0.14 and 0.11 for NH3-N, 0.003 and 0.005 N2O-N and CH4 conversion factors were 0.08% and 0.05%. Total direct and indirect GHG emissions reported in carbon dioxide equivalents were found to be higher in LD67 in response to the elevated direct N2O emissions. Trial 2 compared the impact of reduced crude protein (CP19.8) and a standard diet (CP21.3) developed using least-cost ration formulation, on emissions. Emissions per bird for the CP19.8 diet were 7.7 g NH3/bird, 0.39 g N2O/bird and 0.14 g CH4/bird, while emissions from birds fed the CP21.3 diet were 10.6 g NH3/bird, 0.42 g N2O/bird and 0.19 g CH4/bird. Significant differences were observed only in the NH3 results, where emissions were reduced by 27% for the low-CP diet. Because of the low emission levels, total mitigation potential from indirect GHG emissions was relatively small in Trial 2, corresponding to 11 t carbon dioxide equivalents/year per million birds.

Response of soil nitrous oxide flux to nitrogen fertiliser application and legume rotation in a semi-arid climate, identified by smoothing spline models

Soil Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Jane Officer ◽  
Frances Phillips ◽  
Gavin Kearney ◽  
Roger Armstrong ◽  
John Graham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Smoothing Splines ◽  
Pulse Field ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Barrel Medic ◽  
Field Peas ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Supplementary Irrigation ◽  
Semi Arid

Although large areas of semi-arid land are extensively cropped, few studies have investigated the effect of nitrogen (N) fertiliser on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in these regions (Galbally et al. 2010). These emissions need to be measured in order to estimate N losses and calculate national greenhouse gas inventories. We examined the effect of different agronomic management practices applied to wheat (Triticum aestivum) grown on an alkaline Vertosol in south-eastern Australia on N2O emissions. In 2007, N2O emissions were measured over 12 months, during which N fertiliser (urea) was applied at sowing or N fertiliser plus supplementary irrigation (50 mm) was applied during the vegetative stage and compared with a treatment of no N fertiliser or irrigation. In a second experiment (2008), the effect of source of N on N2O emissions was examined. Wheat was grown on plots where either a pulse (field peas, Pisum sativum) or pasture legume (barrel medic, Medicago truncatula) crop had been sown in the previous season compared with a non-legume crop (canola, Brassica napus). To account for the N supplied by the legume phase, N fertiliser (50 kg N ha–1 as urea) was applied only to the wheat in the plots previously sown to canola. Fluxes of N2O were measured on a sub-daily basis (up to 16 measurements per chamber) by using automated chamber enclosures and a tuneable diode laser, and treatment differences were evaluated by a linear mixed model including cubic smoothing splines. Fluxes were low and highly variable, ranging from –3 to 28 ng N2O-N m–2 s–1. The application of N fertiliser at sowing increased N2O emissions for ~2 months after the fertiliser was applied. Applying irrigation (50 mm) during the vegetative growth stage produced a temporary (~1-week) but non-significant increase in N2O emissions compared with plots that received N fertiliser at sowing but were not irrigated. Including a legume in the rotation significantly increased soil inorganic N at sowing of the following wheat crop by 38 kg N ha–1 (field peas) or 57 kg ha–1 (barrel medic) compared with a canola crop. However, N2O emissions were greater in wheat plots where N fertiliser was applied than where wheat was sown into legume plots where no N fertiliser was applied. Over the 2 years of the field study, N2O emissions attributed to fertiliser ranged from 41 to 111 g N2O-N ha–1, and averaged of 75 g N2O-N ha–1 or 0.15% of the applied N fertiliser. Our findings confirm that the proportion of N fertiliser emitted as N2O from rainfed grain crops grown in Australian semi-arid regions is less than the international average of 1.0%.

scholarly journals Gaseous nitrogen losses from pig slurry fertilisation: can they be reduced with additives in a wheat crop?

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. e0302
Author(s):  
Noemí Mateo-Marín ◽  
Ramón Isla ◽  
Dolores Quílez
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Gaseous Nitrogen ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Ammonia Volatilisation ◽  
Irrigated Wheat

Aim of the study: The use of pig slurry as fertiliser is associated with gaseous nitrogen (N) losses, especially ammonia (NH3) and nitrous oxide (N2O), leading to environmental problems and a reduction of its fertiliser value. This study evaluates, in an irrigated wheat crop, the effect of different additives mixed with pig slurry to decrease NH3 and N2O losses.Area of study: Middle Ebro valley, SpainMaterials and methods: The treatments were: i) non-N-fertilised control, ii) pig slurry (PS), iii) pig slurry with the urease inhibitor monocarbamide dihydrogen sulphate (PS-UI), iv) pig slurry with a microbial activator in development (PS-A), and v) pig slurry with the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (PS-NI). Pig slurry was applied at a target rate of 120 kg NH4+-N ha-1. Ammonia volatilisation was measured using semi-opened static chambers after treatments application at presowing 2016 and side-dressing 2017. Nitrous oxide emissions were measured using static closed chambers after treatments application at the 2017 and 2018 side-dressing.Main results: Ammonia volatilisation was estimated to be 7-9% and 19-23% of NH4+-N applied after presowing and side-dressing applications, respectively. Additives were not able to reduce NH3 emissions in any application moment. PS-NI was the only treatment being effective in reducing N2O emissions, 70% respect to those in PS treatment. Crop yield parameters were not affected by the application of the additives because of the no effect of additives controlling NH3 losses and the low contribution of N2O losses to the N balance (<1 kg N2O-N ha-1).Research highlights: The use of 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate would be recommended from an environmental perspective, although without grain yield benefits.

scholarly journals Impact of elevated carbon dioxide and temperature on wheat production under sub temperate climate in north western Himalayas, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1905-1909
Author(s):  
Ranbir Singh Rana ◽  
Ranu Pathania ◽  
Ramesh Ramesh ◽  
Sanjay Kumar Sharma ◽  
Shivani Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Elevated Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Western Himalayas ◽  
Improvement Project ◽  
The Impact ◽  
North Western

Wheat is the second most important cereal crop and plays a key role in food and nutritional security. The study examines the impact of elevated carbon dioxide and temperature under limited irrigations on wheat crop using crop growth simulation models under sub temperate climate. The Info Crop model was validated using the historical data generated by the research trials of All India Coordinated Research Improvement Project at Palampur, Himachal Pradesh. The model was run for 20 years from 1991 to 2010 for Palampur weather station. The results revealed 3.6 to 4.0 percent and 1.7 to 7.5 percent increase in simulated crop yield with 420 and 470 ppm CO2 respectively. The elevated maximum and minimum temperature by 1 and 20C with 370 ppm carbon dioxide reduced the anthesis period by 5-7 and 9-11 days respectively over the sowing window of November 15th to December 30th. Similarly, days to maturity also reduced by 4-5 and 7-8 days with 1 and 20C rise in temperature respectively. The simulated crop yield showed increase by 17.9 to 63.0 and 33.2 to 133.4 percent with 1 and 20C rise in temperature at 370 ppm CO2 under limited irrigations. The simulated grain yield at 420 ppm CO2 showed an increase of 23 to 69.7 percent with 10C and 39.5 to 123.5 percent with 20C whereas at 470 ppm CO2 level the increase was 27.9 to 76.1 at 10C and 46.4 to 133.0 percent with 20C rise in maximum and minimum temperatures respectively. Hence, simulated results of elevated temperature and CO2 levels proved to be beneficial in rabi wheat with adaptations strategy of limited irrigations under sub temperate climate of North Western Himalayas

scholarly journals Pineapple Residue Ash Reduces Carbon Dioxide and Nitrous Oxide Emissions in Pineapple Cultivation on Tropical Peat Soils at Saratok, Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1014
Author(s):  
Liza Nuriati Lim Kim Choo ◽  
Osumanu Haruna Ahmed ◽  
Nik Muhamad Nik Majid ◽  
Zakry Fitri Abd Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Closed Chamber ◽  
Npk Fertilizers ◽  
Npk Fertilizer ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Burning pineapple residues on peat soils before pineapple replanting raises concerns on hazards of peat fires. A study was conducted to determine whether ash produced from pineapple residues could be used to minimize carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in cultivated tropical peatlands. The effects of pineapple residue ash fertilization on CO2 and N2O emissions from a peat soil grown with pineapple were determined using closed chamber method with the following treatments: (i) 25, 50, 70, and 100% of the suggested rate of pineapple residue ash + NPK fertilizer, (ii) NPK fertilizer, and (iii) peat soil only. Soils treated with pineapple residue ash (25%) decreased CO2 and N2O emissions relative to soils without ash due to adsorption of organic compounds, ammonium, and nitrate ions onto the charged surface of ash through hydrogen bonding. The ability of the ash to maintain higher soil pH during pineapple growth primarily contributed to low CO2 and N2O emissions. Co-application of pineapple residue ash and compound NPK fertilizer also improves soil ammonium and nitrate availability, and fruit quality of pineapples. Compound NPK fertilizers can be amended with pineapple residue ash to minimize CO2 and N2O emissions without reducing peat soil and pineapple productivity.

scholarly journals Emissions of Nitrous Oxide and Nitric Oxide from Soils of Native and Exotic Ecosystems of the Amazon and Cerrado Regions of Brazil

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 312-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric A. Davidson ◽  
Mercedes M.C. Bustamante ◽  
Alexandre de Siqueira Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Photochemical Reactions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Soil Emissions ◽  
Amazonian Forests ◽  
The Impact ◽  
No Emissions

This paper reviews reports of nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitric oxide (NO) emissions from soils of the Amazon and Cerrado regions of Brazil. N2O is a stable greenhouse gas in the troposphere and participates in ozone-destroying reactions in the stratosphere, whereas NO participates in tropospheric photochemical reactions that produce ozone. Tropical forests and savannas are important sources of atmospheric N2O and NO, but rapid land use change could be affecting these soil emissions of N oxide gases. The five published estimates for annual emissions of N2O from soils of mature Amazonian forests are remarkably consistent, ranging from 1.4 to 2.4 kg N ha–1 year–1, with a mean of 2.0 kg N ha–1 year–1. Estimates of annual emissions of NO from Amazonian forests are also remarkably similar, ranging from 1.4 to 1.7 kg N ha–1 year–1, with a mean of 1.5 kg N ha–1 year–1. Although a doubling or tripling of N2O has been observed in some young (<2 years) cattle pastures relative to mature forests, most Amazonian pastures have lower emissions than the forests that they replace, indicating that forest-topasture conversion has, on balance, probably reduced regional emissions slightly (<10%). Secondary forests also have lower soil emissions than mature forests. The same patterns apply for NO emissions in Amazonia. At the only site in Cerrado where vegetation measurements have been made N2O emissions were below detection limits and NO emissions were modest (~0.4 kg N ha–1 year–1). Emissions of NO doubled after fire and increased by a factor of ten after wetting dry soil, but these pulses lasted only a few hours to days. As in Amazonian pastures, NO emissions appear to decline with pasture age. Detectable emissions of N2O have been measured in soybean and corn fields in the Cerrado region, but they are modest relative to fluxes measured in more humid tropical agricultural regions. No measurements of NO from agricultural soils in the Cerrado region have been made, but we speculate that they could be more important than N2O emissions in this relatively dry climate. While a consistent pattern is emerging from these studies in the Amazon region, far too few data exist for the Cerrado region to assess the impact of land use changes on N oxide emissions.

The nitrification inhibitor DMPP applied to subtropical rice has an inconsistent effect on nitrous oxide emissions

Soil Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry J. Rose ◽  
Stephen G. Morris ◽  
Peter Quin ◽  
Lee J. Kearney ◽  
Stephen Kimber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Aerobic Rice ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Tropical Environments ◽  
Peak Flux ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Fertiliser Application

Although there is growing evidence that the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) can lower soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in temperate environments, there is little evidence of its efficacy in subtropical or tropical environments where temperatures and rainfall intensities are typically higher. We investigated N2O emissions in field-grown aerobic rice in adjacent fields in the 2013–14 and 2014–15 seasons in a subtropical environment. Crops were topdressed with 80 kg nitrogen (N) ha–1 before rainfall, as either urea, urea + DMPP (at 1.6 kg DMPP t–1 urea: ‘urea-DMPP’) or a blend of 50% urea and 50% urea-DMPP in the 2013–14 season, and urea, urea-DMPP or polymer (3 month)-coated urea (PCU) in the 2014–15 season. DMPP-urea significantly (P < 0.05) lowered soil N2O emissions in the 2013–14 season during the peak flux period after N fertiliser application, but had no effect in 2014–15. The mean cumulative N2O emissions over the entire growing period were 190 g N2O-N ha–1 in 2013–14 and 413 g N2O-N ha–1 in 2014–15, with no significant effect of DMPP or PCU. Our results demonstrate that DMPP can lower N2O emissions in subtropical, aerobic rice during peak flux events following N fertiliser application in some seasons, but inherent variability in climate and soil N2O emissions limited the ability to detect significant differences in cumulative N2O flux over the seasonal assessment. A greater understanding of how environmental and soil factors impact the efficacy of DMPP in the subtropics is needed to formulate appropriate guidelines for its use commercially.

Sources of nitrous oxide from 15N-labelled animal urine and urea fertiliser with and without a nitrification inhibitor, dicyandiamide (DCD)

Soil Research ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 76 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Di ◽  
K. C. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Cow Urine ◽  
Nitrification And Denitrification ◽  
N Pool

A field lysimeter study was conducted to determine the sources of N2O emitted following the application of dairy cow urine and urea fertiliser labelled with 15N, with and without a nitrification inhibitor, dicyandiamide (DCD). The results show that the application of cow urine at 1000 kg N/ha significantly increased N2O emissions above that from urea applied alone at 25 kg N/ha. The application of urine seemed to have a priming effect, increasing N2O emissions from the soil N pool. Treating the soil with DCD significantly (P < 0.05) decreased N2O emissions from the urine-applied treatment by 72%. The percentage of N2O-N derived from the applied N was 53.1% in the urine-applied treatment and this was reduced to 29.9% when DCD was applied. On average, about 43% of the N2O emitted in the urine-applied treatments was from nitrification. The application of DCD did not have a major effect on the relative contributions of nitrification and denitrification to N2O emissions in the urine treatments. This indicates that the DCD nitrification inhibitor decreased the contributions to N2O emissions from both nitrification and denitrification.

scholarly journals Meta-Analysis of Strategies to Reduce NH3 Emissions from Slurries in European Agriculture and Consequences for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1633
Author(s):  
Christoph Emmerling ◽  
Andreas Krein ◽  
Jürgen Junk
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Ammonia Emissions ◽  
The Impact

The intensification of livestock production, to accommodate rising human population, has led to a higher emission of ammonia into the environment. For the reduction of ammonia emissions, different management steps have been reported in most EU countries. Some authors, however, have criticized such individual measures, because attempts to abate the emission of ammonia may lead to significant increases in either methane, nitrous oxide, or carbon dioxide. In this study, we carried out a meta-analysis of experimental European data published in peer-reviewed journals to evaluate the impact of major agricultural management practices on ammonia emissions, including the pollution swapping effect. The result of our meta-analysis showed that for the treatment, storage, and application stages, only slurry acidification was effective for the reduction of ammonia emissions (−69%), and had no pollution swapping effect with other greenhouse gases, like nitrous oxide (−21%), methane (−86%), and carbon dioxide (−15%). All other management strategies, like biological treatment, separation strategies, different storage types, the concealing of the liquid slurry with different materials, and variable field applications were effective to varying degrees for the abatement of ammonia emission, but also resulted in the increased emission of at least one other greenhouse gas. The strategies focusing on the decrease of ammonia emissions neglected the consequences of the emissions of other greenhouse gases. We recommend a combination of treatment technologies, like acidification and soil incorporation, and/or embracing emerging technologies, such as microbial inhibitors and slow release fertilizers.

NITROUS OXIDE AND CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION FROM MAIZE (Zea maysL.) UNDER FERTILISER APPLICATION AND ELEVATED CARBON DIOXIDE IN NORTHWEST INDIA

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-643
Author(s):  
A. DARIPA ◽  
A. BHATIA ◽  
R. TOMER ◽  
S. D. SINGH ◽  
N. JAIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Indian Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Elevated Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Efficiency ◽  
Fertiliser Application ◽  
Northwest India

SUMMARYA field experiment was carried out at the farm of Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi to quantify the effect of elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) and different levels of N fertiliser application on nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from soil under maize. The experiment included five treatments: 60 kg N ha−1under ambient CO2(385 ppm) in open plots, 120 kg N ha−1under ambient CO2(385 ppm) in open plots, 160 kg N ha−1under ambient CO2(385 ppm) in open plots, 120 kg N ha−1under ambient CO2(385 ppm) in open top chambers (OTC) and 120 kg N ha−1under elevated CO2(500 ± 50 ppm) in the OTC. Peaks of N2O flux were observed after every dose of N application. Cumulative N2O emission was 13% lower under ambient CO2as compared to the elevated CO2concentrations. There was an increase in CO2emissions with application of N from 60 kg ha−1to 160 kg ha−1. Higher yield and root biomass was observed under higher N treatment (160 kg N ha−1). There was no significant increase in maize yield under elevated CO2as compared to ambient CO2. The carbon emitted was more than the carbon fixed under elevated CO2as compared to ambient CO2levels. The carbon efficiency ratio (C fixed/C emitted) was highest in ambient CO2treatment in the OTC.

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