scholarly journals Surface lime and silicate application and crop production system effects on physical characteristics of a Brazilian Oxisol

Soil Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 778
Author(s):  
G. S. A. Castro ◽  
C. A. C. Crusciol ◽  
C. A. Rosolem ◽  
J. C. Calonego ◽  
K. R. Brye
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Production System ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Forage Crop

This work aimed to evaluate the effects of crop rotations and soil acidity amelioration on soil physical properties of an Oxisol (Rhodic Ferralsol or Red Ferrosol in the Australian Soil Classification) from October 2006 to September 2011 in Botucatu, SP, Brazil. Treatments consisted of four soybean (Glycine max)–maize (Zea mays)–rice (Oryza sativa) rotations that differed in their off-season crop, either a signal grass (Urochloa ruziziensis) forage crop, a second crop, a cover crop, or fallow. Two acid-neutralising materials, dolomitic lime (effective calcium carbonate equivalent (ECCE) = 90%) and calcium-magnesium silicate (ECCE = 80%), were surface applied to raise the soil’s base saturation to 70%. Selected soil physical characteristics were evaluated at three depths (0–0.1, 0.1–0.2, and 0.2–0.4 m). In the top 0.1 m, soil bulk density was lowest (P < 0.05) and macroporosity and aggregate stability index were greatest (P < 0.05) in the forage crop compared with all other production systems. Also, bulk density was lower (P < 0.05) and macroporosity was greater (P < 0.05) in the acid-neutralising-amended than the unamended control soil. In the 0.1–0.2-m interval, mean weight diameter and mean geometric diameter were greater (P < 0.05) in the forage crop compared with all other production systems. All soil properties evaluated in this study in the 0.2–0.4-m interval were unaffected by production system or soil amendment after five complete cropping cycles. Results of this study demonstrated that certain soil physical properties can be improved in a no-tillage soybean–maize–rice rotation using a forage crop in the off-season and with the addition of acid-neutralising soil amendments. Any soil and crop management practices that improve soil physical properties will likely contribute to sustaining long-term soil and crop productivity in areas with highly weathered, organic matter-depleted, acidic Oxisols.

scholarly journals Co-Application of Farmyard Manure and Gypsum Improves Yield and Quality of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) under Rainfed Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (02) ◽  
pp. 224-230
Author(s):  
Rizwan Latif
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Moisture Percentage ◽  
Yield Quality

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is the common cash crop of the rainfed areas. Appropriate management practices are very important to get better yield of peanut in sandy loam soil. A field study was carried out during the growing seasons of 2018 and 2019 to evaluate the effect of poultry manure (PM) (37.1 t ha-1), farmyard manure (FYM) (49.4 t ha-1), gypsum (GYP) (2.5 t ha-1), liquid humic acid (HA) (49.4 L ha-1) and co-application of GYP (1.2 t ha-1) and FYM (24.7 t ha-1) on peanut yield, quality and soil physical properties. Application of FYM, PM, HA and GYP (alone or in combination) significantly improved peanut yield, quality and soil physical properties. The combined application of GYP and FYM proved most effective (P ≤ 0.05) in improving the peanut yield (no. of pods per plant, 100 seed weight etc), quality (crude protein and oil content) and soil physical properties (moisture percentage, infiltration rate and bulk density). The combined application of GYP and FYM increased the pods yield by 67 and 65% during 2018 and 2019, respectively than control. Crude proteins (21%) and oil contents (9.0%) were also substantially increased in the combined application. Moreover, the combined application of GYP and FYM significantly retained the soil moisture and reduced bulk density of soil. Present findings suggest that integrated use of FYM and GYP under field conditions could improve the crop productivity, crude protein, oil contents, moisture percentage, and reduce the bulk density of soil thus improving overall soil health. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

scholarly journals Effects of Different Tillage Practices and Cropping Patterns on Soil Physical Properties and Crop Productivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-61
Author(s):  
M.K. Alam ◽  
N. Salahin ◽  
M.H. Rashid ◽  
M.A. Salam
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Deep Tillage ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
Tillage Practices

A series of experiments using nine treatment combinations comprising three tillage practices (zero tillage, conventional tillage and deep tillage) and three cropping patterns (wheatfallow- T. aman, wheat–mungbean-T. aman and wheat-dhaincha-T. aman) were examined in a split- plot design at Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur, Bangladesh during 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 to study the effect of different tillage practices and cropping patterns on soil physical properties and crop productivity in a previously puddled soil. Soil physical properties viz. bulk density, particle density and porosity showed insignificant result due to tillage practices and cropping patterns but soil moisture retentive properties demonstrated significant outcomes. Deep tillage with dhaincha (Sesbania rostrata) and mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) biomass incorporation conserved moisture in the soil profile and improved other soil physical properties i.e. reduced the bulk density, increased porosity and available water content of soil. The highest grain yield of wheat and rice was recorded in the deep tillage with wheat-dhaincha-T. aman cropping pattern and lowest in zero tillage with fallow based cropping pattern.

Effect of management practice on properties of a Victorian red-brown earth .1. Soil physical-properties

Soil Research ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 851 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Lorimer ◽  
LA Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Continuous Cropping

The effects of five management practices (native forest, native pasture, Phalaris pasture, crop-pasture rotation, continuous cropping), that had been in place for 18 years, on some soil physical properties of a red-brown earth near Bendigo, Victoria, were studied. Particle size distribution, bulk density and hydraulic conductivity of soil in the A and B horizons at different, management sites were measured. Where cultivation had occurred, soil in the A horizon contained less silt and clay, and more fine sand and coarse sand. The bulk density of the A horizon of soil that had produced at least six wheat crops since 1969 was greater than that of soil used for pasture or forest, while the hydraulic conductivity of soil cropped every year since 1969 was much less than that of soil under native forest. Particle size distributions for soil from the B horizons at the five management sites were found to be similar. Where pastures and crops had been established, the hydraulic conductivity of the upper B horizon was lower, and the bulk density was higher, than that of soil in the native forest (Eucalyptus spp).

scholarly journals Effects of Tillage, Rotation and Cover Crop on the Physical Properties of a Silt-Loam Soil

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Idoko Haruna ◽  
Nsalambi Vakanda Nkongolo
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Tortuosity Factor ◽  
Soil Sustainability

Abstract Soil and crop management practices can affect the physical properties and have a direct impact on soil sustainability and crop performance. The objective of this study was to investigate how soil physical properties were affected by three years of tillage, cover crop and crop rotation treatments in a corn and soybean field. The study was conducted on a Waldron siltyloam soil at Lincoln University of Missouri. Soil physical properties studied were soil bulk density, volumetric and gravimetric water contents, volumetric air content, total pore space, air-filled and water-filled pore space, gas diffusion coefficient and pore tortuosity factor. Results showed significant interactions (p<0.05) between cover crop and crop rotation for bulk density, gravimetric and total pore space in 2013. In addition, cover crop also significantly interacted (p<0.05) with tillage for bulk density and total pore space. All soil physical properties studied were significantly affected by the depth of sampling (p<0.0001), except for bulk density, the pore tortuosity factor and total pore space in 2012, and gravimetric and volumetric in 2013. Overall, soil physical properties were significantly affected by the treatments, with the effects changing from one year to another. Addition of a cover crop improved soil physical properties better in rotation than in monoculture.

scholarly journals Changes In Soil Physical Properties And Crop Productivity As Influenced By Different Tillage Depths And Cropping Patterns

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
MK Alam ◽  
N Salahin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Tillage Depth

A series of field experiments was conducted at BARI central farm to observe the changes in soil densities, moisture retentive properties, and crop productivity as influenced by different tillage depths and cropping patterns. The tillage depth showed significant effect on wheat yield. Grain yield of wheat significantly increased from 2.86 t/ha (minimum tillage depth) to 5.33 t/ha (tillage depth up to 20-25 cm). Tillage depths and cropping patterns individually and their interaction significantly affected the yield of BRRI dhan32. The highest grain yield of rice (5.82 t/ha) was found in the tillage depth up to 20-25 cm under wheat-dhaincha-T. aman cropping pattern, whereas the lowest yield (2.08 t/ha) was found in the minimum tillage depth under wheat-fallow-T. aman cropping pattern. Soil densities and soil moisture retentive properties were significantly affected by interaction of tillage depths and cropping patterns. The bulk density and particle density of soil were decreased but the porosity and soil moisture at field capacity and permanent wilting point were increased with the increase of tillage depths. Tillage depth up to 20-25 cm by chisel plough under wheatdhaincha- T. aman cropping pattern conserved more moisture in the soil profile and improved other soil physical properties i.e. reduced the bulk density, increased porosity, increased water holding capacity and available water content of soil, thus maintained an optimum soil water infiltration rate and soil strength. The study revealed that the soil physical properties were significantly improved and crop yield significantly increased under tillage depth up to 20-25 cm by chisel plough under wheat-dhaincha-T. aman cropping pattern. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(2): 289-299, June 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i2.15891

scholarly journals Soil physical properties and sugarcane root growth in a red oxiso

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Euripides Baquero ◽  
Ricardo Ralisch ◽  
Cristiane de Conti Medina ◽  
João Tavares Filho ◽  
Maria de Fátima Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Growing Seasons

Sugarcane, which involves the use of agricultural machinery in all crop stages, from soil preparation to harvest, is currently one of the most relevant crops for agribusiness in Brazil. The purpose of this study was to investigate soil physical properties and root growth in a eutroferric red Oxisol (Latossolo Vermelho eutroférrico) after different periods under sugarcane. The study was carried out in a cane plantation in Rolândia, Paraná State, where treatments consisted of a number of cuts (1, 3, 8, 10 and 16), harvested as green and burned sugarcane, at which soil bulk density, macro and microporosity, penetration resistance, as well as root length, density and area were determined. Results showed that sugarcane management practices lead to alterations in soil penetration resistance, bulk density and porosity, compared to native forest soil. These alterations in soil physical characteristics impede the full growth of the sugarcane root system beneath 10 cm, in all growing seasons analyzed.

scholarly journals Revisiting Sulphur—The Once Neglected Nutrient: It’s Roles in Plant Growth, Metabolism, Stress Tolerance and Crop Production

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 626
Author(s):  
Tinashe Zenda ◽  
Songtao Liu ◽  
Anyi Dong ◽  
Huijun Duan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Plant Phenotyping ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Sulphur Nutrition ◽  
Physiological Processes

Sulphur plays crucial roles in plant growth and development, with its functions ranging from being a structural constituent of macro-biomolecules to modulating several physiological processes and tolerance to abiotic stresses. In spite of these numerous sulphur roles being well acknowledged, agriculture has paid scant regard for sulphur nutrition, until only recently. Serious problems related to soil sulphur deficiencies have emerged and the intensification of food, fiber, and animal production is escalating to feed the ever-increasing human population. In the wake of huge demand for high quality cereal and vegetable diets, sulphur can play a key role in augmenting the production, productivity, and quality of crops. Additionally, in light of the emerging problems of soil fertility exhaustion and climate change-exacerbated environmental stresses, sulphur assumes special importance in crop production, particularly under intensively cropped areas. Here, citing several relevant examples, we highlight, in addition to its plant biological and metabolism functions, how sulphur can significantly enhance crop productivity and quality, as well as acclimation to abiotic stresses. By this appraisal, we also aim to stimulate readers interests in crop sulphur research by providing priorities for future pursuance, including bettering our understanding of the molecular processes and dynamics of sulphur availability and utilization in plants, dissecting the role of soil rhizospherical microbes in plant sulphur transformations, enhancing plant phenotyping and diagnosis for nutrient deficiencies, and matching site-specific crop sulphur demands with fertilizer amendments in order to reduce nutrient use inefficiencies in both crop and livestock production systems. This will facilitate the proper utilization of sulphur in crop production and eventually enhance sustainable and environmentally friend food production.

A Survey of Glyphosate-Resistant Waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis) in Missouri Soybean Fields and Prediction of Glyphosate Resistance in Future Waterhemp Populations Based on In-Field Observations and Management Practices

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 656-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin K. Rosenbaum ◽  
Kevin W. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Amaranthus Rudis

A survey of soybean fields containing waterhemp infestations was conducted just prior to harvest in 2008 and 2009 to determine the frequency and distribution of glyphosate-resistant waterhemp in Missouri, and to determine if there are any in-field parameters that may serve as indicators of glyphosate resistance in this species in future crop production systems. Glyphosate resistance was confirmed in 99 out of 144, or 69%, of the total waterhemp populations sampled, which occurred in 41 counties of Missouri. Populations of glyphosate-resistant waterhemp were more likely to occur in fields with no other weed species present at the end of the season, continuous cropping of soybean, exclusive use of glyphosate for several consecutive seasons, and waterhemp plants showing obvious signs of surviving herbicide treatment compared to fields characterized with glyphosate-susceptible waterhemp. Therefore, it is suggested that these four site parameters, and certain combinations of these parameters, serve as predictors of glyphosate resistance in future waterhemp populations.

scholarly journals Characterizing Soil Physical Properties for Soil Moisture Monitoring with the North Carolina Environment and Climate Observing Network

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 933-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weinan Pan ◽  
R. P. Boyles ◽  
J. G. White ◽  
J. L. Heitman
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
The North ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Soil Moisture Monitoring

Abstract Soil moisture has important implications for meteorology, climatology, hydrology, and agriculture. This has led to growing interest in development of in situ soil moisture monitoring networks. Measurement interpretation is severely limited without soil property data. In North Carolina, soil moisture has been monitored since 1999 as a routine parameter in the statewide Environment and Climate Observing Network (ECONet), but with little soils information available for ECONet sites. The objective of this paper is to provide soils data for ECONet development. The authors studied soil physical properties at 27 ECONet sites and generated a database with 13 soil physical parameters, including sand, silt, and clay contents; bulk density; total porosity; saturated hydraulic conductivity; air-dried water content; and water retention at six pressures. Soil properties were highly variable among individual ECONet sites [coefficients of variation (CVs) ranging from 12% to 80%]. This wide range of properties suggests very different behavior among sites with respect to soil moisture. A principal component analysis indicated parameter groupings associated primarily with soil texture, bulk density, and air-dried water content accounted for 80% of the total variance in the dataset. These results suggested that a few specific soil properties could be measured to provide an understanding of differences in sites with respect to major soil properties. The authors also illustrate how the measured soil properties have been used to develop new soil moisture products and data screening for the North Carolina ECONet. The methods, analysis, and results presented here have applications to North Carolina and for other regions with heterogeneous soils where soil moisture monitoring is valuable.

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