Physical quality of a Luvisol under agroforestry systems in a semi-arid region, Brazil

Soil Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafaela Watanabe ◽  
Getulio Coutinho Figueiredo ◽  
Alvaro Pires da Silva ◽  
Júlio César Lima Neves ◽  
Teógenes Senna de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Physical Quality ◽  
Consolidation Pressure ◽  
Critical Water Content ◽  
Semi Arid

Agroforestry systems provide many environmental benefits in semi-arid regions; however, trampling by cattle, and agricultural practices, can degrade physical quality of the soil. The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of compaction and the compression behaviour of a Luvisol after 14 years under agro-silvopastoral (ASP) and silvopastoral systems (SILV), compared with a soil under natural vegetation (NV). We evaluated the degree of soil compactness, compaction index, pre-consolidation pressure, maximum bulk density, critical water content and the stocks of total organic carbon (C), organic matter (OM), C in light organic matter (LOM), and nitrogen (N) in LOM. The results indicated that agroforestry systems change the compressive behaviour of the soil, increasing maximum bulk density (P < 0.05) and reducing critical water content (P < 0.05). Despite the increases in maximum bulk density, changes induced by agroforestry system did not affect the pore space, as shown by similar values for degree of compactness (P > 0.05) under ASP, SILV and NV. This suggests a change in the quality of OM, as evidenced by the lower values for stocks of N in LOM (P < 0.10) and total organic C (P < 0.05) under ASP and SILV, whereas pre-consolidation pressure was unaffected (P > 0.05). After 14 years, the degree of compactness and load-bearing capacity of the soils under ASP and SILV had not increased, being suitable for plant growth.

scholarly journals Kajian Kualitas Beberapa Pupuk Kompos Produksi Simantri di Daerah Bali Sesuai dengan Standar Nasional Indonesia Tahun 2004 (SNI 19-7030-2004)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
A.A. NYOMAN SUPADMA ◽  
I MADE MEGA ◽  
I MADE DANA
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Content ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Color Temperature ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Compost Quality ◽  
Standard Quality ◽  
Very High

Study of the Quality of Some Compost Fertilizer Simantri Production in Bali in Accordance with Indonesian National Standard-2004 (SNI 19-7030-2004). In Bali currently has circulated various types of compost, but testing of the quality most have not done regularly. Efforts to protect the consumer need to be implemented through the compost quality testing in the laboratory. This is done to prevent counterfeiting and ensure the quality of the compost is already in line with the quality standard SNI-2004. Among compost circulating in Bali, is compost Gapoktan Simantri production. The purpose of this study is to determine some of the physical and chemical properties of some Simantri’s compost circulating in Bali, whether in accordance with the criteria of the quality of compost SNI 19-7030-2004. Compost quality standards  SNI-2004 are water content (<50%), pH (6.8 to 7.49), total-N  (> 0.4%), C-organic (9.80 to 32%), P2O5 (> 0.10%), K2O (> 0.20%), C / N ratio (10-20), organic matter (27-58%), smells like soil, blackish color, and the temperature not hot. Compost sampling method for testing a composite on Gapoktan Simantri in Bali as many as 20 samples of compost. Parameters include: water content (grafimetri), pH (electrode glas), total-N (method of Kjeldhal), P2O5 and K2O (method of extracting HCL 25%), organic C (method of Walkley and Black), material organic, EC (coductometer), C/N ratio, color, temperature, and smell of the compost. Data obtained from the analysis in laboratory are compared to standard quality of compost according to SNI 19-7030-2004. The results showed that the total-N of compost Simantri is very high (1.13 to 2.11%), P content is very high (0.103 to 0.123%), K content is very high (0.902 to 2.342%),  C-organic is very high (14.08 to 25.48%), C/N ratio (10.52 to 18.52),  organic matter (24.87 to 43.93%) (all of these parameters in accordance with SNI-2004) ; pH  (6.65 to 8.36) (some not suitable SNI-2004), EC (2.31 to 8.46 mmhos/cm2) (some very high), moisture content (36.60 to 56.60%) (some not suitable SNI-2004), blackish color, smells like soil, and temperature not hot (according to the standard SNI-2004).The majority (57.14%) of compost Simantri examined in accordance with the  standard quality compost SNI-2004, but  (42.86%) is not in accordance  (pH and water content of compost).

scholarly journals Physical quality of an Oxisol cultivated with maize submited to cover crops in the pre-cropping period

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-2178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana de Souza Pereira ◽  
Itamar Andrioli ◽  
Amauri Nelson Beutler ◽  
Cinara Xavier de Almeida ◽  
Faber de Souza Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Physical Quality ◽  
Soil Physical Quality ◽  
Tillage System

The intensive use of land alters the distribution of the pore size which imparts consequences on the soil physical quality. The Least Limiting Water Range (LLWR) allows for the visualization of the effects of management systems upon either the improvement or the degradation of the soil physical quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical quality of a Red Latosol (Oxisol) submited to cover crops in the period prior to the maize crop in a no-tillage and conventional tillage system, using porosity, soil bulk density and the LLWR as attributes. The treatments were: conventional tillage (CT) and a no-tillage system with the following cover crops: sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) (NS), pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke) (NP) and lablab (Dolichos lablab L.) (NL). The experimental design was randomized blocks in subdivided plots with six replications, with the plots being constituted by the treatments and the subplots by the layers analyzed. The no-tillage systems showed higher total porosity and soil organic matter at the 0-0.5 m layer for the CT. The CT did not differ from the NL or NS in relation to macroporosity. The NP showed the greater porosity, while CT and NS presented lower soil bulk density. No < 10 % airing porosity was found for the treatments evaluated, and value for water content where soil aeration is critical (θPA) was found above estimated water content at field capacity (θFC) for all densities. Critical soil bulk density was of 1.36 and 1.43 Mg m-3 for NP and CT, respectively. The LLWR in the no-tillage systems was limited in the upper part by the θFC, and in the bottom part, by the water content from which soil resistance to penetration is limiting (θPR). By means of LLWR it was observed that the soil presented good physical quality.

scholarly journals Impacts of different management systems on the physical quality of an Amazonian Oxisol

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 1269-1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Maria Silva Guedes ◽  
Antonio Rodrigues Fernandes ◽  
Herdjania Veras de Lima ◽  
Ademar Pereira Serra ◽  
José Ribamar Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Structural Quality ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Soil Water Retention ◽  
Physical Quality

The physical quality of Amazonian soils is relatively unexplored, due to the unique characteristics of these soils. The index of soil physical quality is a widely accepted measure of the structural quality of soils and has been used to specify the structural quality of some tropical soils, as for example of the Cerrado ecoregion of Brazil. The research objective was to evaluate the physical quality index of an Amazonian dystrophic Oxisol under different management systems. Soils under five managements were sampled in Paragominas, State of Pará: 1) a 20-year-old second-growth forest (Forest); 2) Brachiaria sp pasture; 3) four years of no-tillage (NT4.); 4) eight years of no-tillage (NT8); and 5) two years of conventional tillage (CT2). The soil samples were evaluated for bulk density, macro and microporosity and for soil water retention. The physical quality index of the samples was calculated and the resulting value correlated with soil organic matter, bulk density and porosity. The surface layers of all systems were more compacted than those of the forest. The physical quality of the soil was best represented by the relations of the S index to bulk density and soil organic matter.

Physical Quality of Turmeric Powder (Curcuma longga Linn) Result of Foam-mat Drying Method Using Microwave

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-65
Author(s):  
Dhinar Patliani ◽  
Dian Purbasari
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Oil Absorption ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Physical Quality ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Two Factors

Turmeric (Curcuma longa L) in Indonesia is widely known as a herbal medicinal plant, food coloring, and food flavoring. The high water content of turmeric will shorten the storage time and the quality of the ingredients. The need for drying which is the process of removing the moisture content of the material with the aim of prolonging the shelf life. The use of the foam-mat drying method with the addition of adhesives aims to speed up the drying process and maintain the quality of a material. The result of drying turmeric obtained is turmeric powder product. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors, namely the variation of the microwave oven power and the composition of the developer agent (ovalet). The research procedure was divided into two stages, namely the manufacture of powder and continued with the measurement of physical quality. The stages of making powder begin with the preparation of raw materials, stripping, size reduction, addition of developer, drying, then grinding. The second stage is measuring physical quality, namely fineness modulus, average grain size, powder moisture content, color, water absorption, oil absorption, and bulk density. The power variations used are 420 watts, 535 watts, and 680 watts, while the composition of the developer is 1%, 2%, and 4%. Data analysis using two-way ANOVA statistical test with two factors that affect the variation of power and composition of the developer (ovalet). FM values ​​ranged from 0.364 – 1.576, D values ​​ranged from 0.005 – 0.0012 mm, final moisture content values ​​ranged from 7.60 – 9.59%, powder moisture content values ​​ranged from 9.47 – 11.43%ww , L values ​​ranged from 61.46 – 65.96, a values ​​ranged from 13.54 – 16.05, b values ​​ranged from 48.21 – 52.42, DSA values ​​ranged from 2.78 – 3.54 ml/ g, DSM values ​​ranged from 1.22 – 1.60 ml/g, and DC values ​​ranged from 0.38 – 0.44 g/cm3. The combination treatment of drying power with developer is influenced by the drying power of the parameters, namely the value of moisture content, fineness modulus, average grain size, brightness level, redness level, yellowness level, oil absorption, water absorption, and bulk density. While the developer affects the finenes modulus, average grain size, yellowness level, and bulk density.

scholarly journals The Physical of Biscuit Complete Ration Based on Hymenacne Acutigluma Supplemented with Different Legumes

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 01021
Author(s):  
Riswandi ◽  
Basuni Hamzah ◽  
Agus Wijaya ◽  
Arfan Abrar ◽  
S Agus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Physical Quality ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Range Test

The aim of this research was to study the effects of supplementation different legumes on the physical quality of biscuit complete ration based on hymenacne acutigluma. This study was conducted in Animal Feed and Nutrition Laboratory of Agriculture Faculty, Sriwijaya University. This study was done in 2 months. A completely randomized design with four treatments and four replicates was used in this study. Each treatments were P0= 70% kumpai grass + 30% concentrate + 0% legume, P1= 55% kumpai grass + 7.5% lamtoro leaves + 7.5% water mimmosa + 30% concentrate, P2= 55% kumpai grass + 7.5% acacia leaves + 30% concentrate, and P3= 55% kumpai grass + 5% lamtoro leaves + 5% acacia leaves + 5 % water mimmosa + 30% concentrate. Variables measured were water content, density, average collision endurance, specific gravity and water absorption. The result indicated that The adding of different legumes in the ration significantly (P<0.05) affected the specific gravity and water absorption, but no significant effect on density, average collision endurance. Duncan Multirange Range Test showed that treatment of control (P0) had the highest of water absorption (264.56%). The highest content of water gravity was obtained in the treatment of adding lamtoro, acacia and water mimmosa (P3), namely 0.9 g/ml water gravity. The conclusion of this study is the addition of different legumes in kumpai grass-based diets can improve the physical quality of the complete ration biscuit. The addition of lamtoro leaves, water mimosa and acacia at the level of 5%, gave the best result in specific gravity and water absorption.

The characteristics of Shorea macrophylla’s habitat in Tane’ Olen, Malinau District, North Kalimantan Province, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fajri ◽  
Pratiwi PRATIWI ◽  
Yosep Ruslim
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract. Fajri M, Pratiwi, Ruslim Y. 2020. The characteristics of Shorea macrophylla’s habitat in Tane’ Olen, Malinau District, North Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 3454-3462.  Shorea macrophylla is a tree species in Tane' Olen forest area. This study analyzed the soil’s physical and chemical properties, topography, and microclimate of S. macrophylla’s habitat. A purposive method was used to select a sampling plot and to place the subplots. Soil was analyzed to determine the physical properties, i.e., texture, bulk density, porosity, and water content, and the chemical properties, i.e., pH, CEC, total N, organic C, C/N ratio, P, K , and Al saturation. Importance value index was determined for each tree species to know the species composition in the study site. Only the dominant species were presented. The soil at the study site had bulk density of 0.60-1.31 gram cm³-1, porosity 50.60%-77.35%, water content 34.88%-95.37%, and soil texture sandy clay. The chemical properties of the soil were as follows: pH was 3.6-4.8, N 0.05%-0.19%, organic C 1.40%-3.65%, P 0.41-1.22 mg 100 gr-1, K 58.68-232.55 mg 100 gr-1, and Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) 5.35-10.81 meg 100gr -1. Slope ranged between 0 and 25%. The microclimate characteristics were as follows: temperature was 24-26.5°C, relative humidity 76-87%, and light intensity 145-750 Lm. Trees species with an IVI ≥ 10% were S. macrophylla, Madhuca spectabilis, Myristica villosa Warb, Scorodocarpus borneensis, Eugenia spp., Palaquium spp., Macaranga triloba, Syzygium inophyllum and Shorea sp. Positive associations were observed between S. macropylla and S. borneensis, Eugenia spp., Palaquium spp.. and M. triloba, and negative associations were observed between S. macropylla and M. spectabilis, M. villosa Warb, S. inophyllum, and Shorea sp. S. macrophylla grows on riversides with flat and gentle topography, acidic soil, and lower fertility but with suitable microclimate. This species can be recommended to be planted in degraded tropical forest areas but the microclimate and soil properties should be taken into account.

Profundal Sediment Organic Content and Physical Character Do Not Reflect Lake Trophic Status, but Rather Reflect Inorganic Sedimentation and Exposure

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 1431-1438 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Rowan ◽  
J. Kalff ◽  
J. B. Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Trophic Status ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Sedimentation Rates ◽  
Lake Surface ◽  
Lake Trophic Status ◽  
Sediment Organic Content ◽  
Lake Surface Area

An analysis of profundal sediment data from 83 north-temperate lakes shows that increasing inorganic sedimentation and exposure (or lake surface area) results in lower organic content and water content, and greater bulk density. Because sedimentation rates are unavailable for most lakes, we estimate sedimentation rates from readily available catchment sediment loads using a mass-balance model. The mass-balance estimate of sediment retention (per square metre of depositional zone) is an excellent predictor of measured inorganic sedimentation rates for a data set covering 19 lakes (R2 = 0.92). Multiple regressions are used to predict organic content, water content, and bulk density of profundal sediment from inorganic sedimentation rates and either exposure or lake surface area, which are surrogates for the energy of the depositional environment. These analyses explain 76, 74, and 66% of the between-lake variation in the three sediment parameters, respectively. Sediment organic content is not related to lake trophic status (chlorophyll a) and is negatively correlated with net organic matter sedimentation rates. The common occurrence of organic-rich sediments in oligotrophic shield lakes is, therefore, not a reflection of high organic matter inputs, but rather the extremely low inputs of mineral sediments to these lakes.

scholarly journals Do different organic amendments effectively improve the soil biochemical activity of very poor arid soils from Tunisia?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Houda Ouriemmi ◽  
Petra S Kidd ◽  
Ángeles Prieto-Fernández ◽  
Beatriz Rodriguez-Garrido ◽  
Mohamed Moussa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Organic Wastes ◽  
Arid Soils ◽  
Organic Residues ◽  
Semi Arid

&lt;p&gt;Soils from arid and semi-arid ecosystems are generally very low in organic matter content, poor in nutrients and typically with sandy texture.&amp;#160; The application of different organic amendments has been proposed as an adequate approach to improve the quality of these soils for their use in agriculture. The use of organic wastes of different origins (agricultural, industrial, urban, etc.) as soil amendments has a dual goal: i) improving soil fertility and quality, ii) reducing the environmental problem that poses the disposal of these residues. However, despite of the beneficial effects of these residues, undesirable changes may also occur in agricultural soils after their addition. For example, the presence of various pollutants of anthropogenic origin in organic wastes may cause adverse effects on soil microbiota.&amp;#160; Generally, the arid and semi-arid soils of Tunisia are well characterised. However, the use of organic amendments to improve the quality of these soils has been scarcely investigated. Soil biochemical properties, and specifically soil enzyme activities, have been often used to investigate the impact of different amendments on soil quality, because they are highly sensitive to human or environmental perturbations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this work, the results of a field trial established for investigating the effectiveness of three organic residues (composted municipal solid waste, composted sewage sludge and farmyard manure) to improve the quality of one agricultural soil from Tunisia are reported. The soil had a sandy texture, alkaline pH (pH 8.3) and was very poor in organic matter (0.21 and 0.03% of total C and N, respectively). Each of the organic residues was applied in triplicate at three different doses in nine sub-plots randomly distributed; three untreated sub-plots were also established for comparison. One, 6 and 18 months after the soil amendments, surface (0-20 cm) soil samples were collected from all the treated and untreated subplots. The soil samples were analysed for the enzyme activities of four hydrolases involved in the C, N, P and S cycles and for an oxidoreductase (dehydrogenase) reflecting soil microbial activity. All the soil samples were also characterised for their main physicochemical properties.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Addition of the three organic amendments induced slight increases of the total organic carbon and nutrients content; however, the improvements observed were generally not related with the amount of applied residue. The activity of the enzymes increased after the application of the three residues, but these increments were not correlated with the dose of residue and did not consistently varied with the time elapsed after residue application. Generally, the highest increases in absolute values were observed for manure-amended soils, but when the activities were considered in relation to the total organic C of the soils, the sludge amended soils appeared to be the most favoured. The results are discussed with regards to their implications for improving very poor agricultural soils.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Acknowledgements:&lt;/strong&gt; This research was financially supported by the Xunta de Galicia (IN607A 2017/6), UE Interreg-Sudoe program (SOE1/P5/E0189) and the Tunisian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research. H. Oueriemmi thanks founding support of Erasmus plus program for her stay at the IIAG-CSIC.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN HASIL HUTAN BUKAN KAYU SEBAGAI REMPAH TAMBAHAN PADA MINUMAN HERBAL JAHE INSTAN (Utilization of Non-Timber Forest Products as Additional Spices in Instant Ginger Herbal Drinks)

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-59
Author(s):  
Eni Suhesti ◽  
Hadinoto Hadinoto
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Rating Data ◽  
Physical Quality ◽  
Hedonic Rating ◽  
Randomized Design

1) Measure the physical quality of instant ginger herbal drinks 2) Test the effect of the type of instant ginger drink on the consumer's hedonic rating. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of the Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Lancang Kuning using a completely randomized design with research factors of the types of spices added, namely without adding spices, adding cinnamon spices and lime, and adding spices of lemongrass and tamarind spices. Data on beverage quality consists of water content, ash content, and total dissolved solids. Whereas consumer hedonic rating data includes aroma, taste, thickness, color and overall preference. Data on beverage quality were analyzed descriptively and compared with SNI. Hedonic test data was analyzed using variance analysis, followed by Duncan is multiple comparison test. The results showed that the physical quality of instant jeu herbal drinks made without the addition of NTFPs as well as the addition of NTFPs consisting of water content, ash content and total dissolved solids still met SNI regarding the quality of traditional beverage powder. The type of concoction of instant ginger herbal drinks has a significant effect on the hedonic rating of color, aroma, thickness and overall preference (overall).

scholarly journals Thermodynamic Concept of Water Retention and Physical Quality of the Soil

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1686
Author(s):  
Andrey V. Smagin
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Interfacial Interactions ◽  
Physical Quality ◽  
Thermodynamic Potentials ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Retention Characteristics

The physical quality of the soil is determined by its interfacial interactions in conditions of variable water content. In this regard, water retention characteristics in the form of functions of water content and its thermodynamic potentials are used as indicators of physical quality and its dynamics in the soil. The combination of centrifugation and thermodesorption methods allowed for the first time the assessment of soil water potentials in the entire range of variation from 0 to 106 J/kg for a representative database (more than 400 samples) of the main genetic types of Eurasian soils, grouped into 5 FAO/USDA soil texture classes. The main fundamental achievement of the research is a physically based diagnosis of the critical values of water content and its thermodynamic potentials that separate the areas of dominance of various forms of soil water, physical forces, and mechanisms of interfacial interactions on the WRC-diagrams of the physical quality of the soil. Theoretical and experimental results of the study are of practical interest of sustainable agronomy for determining the optimal ranges of water content in the soil during plant cultivation, water saving, and salt protection in irrigation, mechanical tillage, and other technological operations.

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