Effect of greenhouse soil bio-disinfection on soil nitrate content and tomato fruit yield and quality

Soil Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 200 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. Marín-Guirao ◽  
J. C. Tello ◽  
M. Díaz ◽  
A. Boix ◽  
C. A. Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
Soil Pathogens ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Soil Disinfection ◽  
The Impact

Intensive horticultural practices in the greenhouse can cause proliferation of soil phytopathogenic organisms and pollution of groundwater from nitrate leaching. Among the different soil disinfection techniques, bio-disinfection through the addition of organic amendments (OA), with subsequent solarisation (biosolarisation) or without (biofumigation), is an efficient and economically viable alternative for the control of soil pathogens. This greenhouse experiment was conducted to initiate the process of conversion of a conventional tomato culture to organic farming. The effects of OA applied through biofumigation and biosolarisation in the first season on soil nitrate concentration and tomato fruit yield and quality were evaluated with the following treatments: control, no OA; T1, 0.3 kg m–2 of dehydrated pellets of Brassica carinata seed meal; T2, 0.8 kg m–2 of packaged and dehydrated B. oleracea var. italica; T3, T2 + 0.15 kg m–2 of dehydrated poultry manure; T4, T1 + 0.16 L m–2 of microbial cocktail. The experiment was carried out over the autumn crop cycle of two seasons (2011–12, 2012–13). Addition of OA increased soil nitrate concentration, more so with biosolarisation. Total and marketable yield of tomato and number of marketable fruits were higher in the biosolarised plots in the first crop after treatments. No effects were observed in the second crop after treatments. Except for tomato fruit firmness, quality attributes (size, soluble solids, acidity and colour) improved with some OA treatments. The supply of OA through biosolarisation is a soil disinfection technique with potential to minimise the impact of nitrate leaching and to provide improved yield and quality of tomatoes.

scholarly journals Estimation of soil nitrate in the spring as a basis for adjustment of nitrogen fertiliser rates

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. SIPPOLA
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Small Deviation ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Maximum Deviation ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser ◽  
The Mean

The performance of SOILN model, which simulates soil nitrogen dynamics, was evaluated in respect to its ability to predict nitrate content in soil in spring when growing barley. The data obtained in three year nitrogen fertiliser experiments on different soil types was used. Model was parametrised using the data of the first experimental year and validation results obtained in following years are presented. The results of the simulations of the springtime nitrate in the root zone showed a reasonably small deviation from the measured values. The coefficient of determination, R2 = 0.56 was significant. The regression equation was y = 4 + 0.66x where the constant term was not significantly different from zero and the slope deviated from zero. The mean value of measured nitrate in the root zone in spring was 16 kg/ha and that from the simulation was 15 kg/ha showing that the mean values were close to each other. The mean of deviations between measured and simulated values was 4 kg/ha and the maximum deviation 9 kg/ha. It is concluded that simulation estimated springtime soil nitrate concentration with reasonable confidence that further testing of estimating soil nitrate concentration in spring for adjustment of nitrogen fertilisation using SOILN model should be continued.;

scholarly journals The Effects of Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation on Weed and Nematode Control, Fruit Yield, and Quality of Florida Fresh-market Tomato

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 703-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Di Gioia ◽  
Monica Ozores-Hampton ◽  
Jason Hong ◽  
Nancy Kokalis-Burelle ◽  
Joseph Albano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Soil Disinfestation ◽  
Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation ◽  
Yield And Quality

Anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) is considered a promising sustainable alternative to chemical soil fumigation (CSF), and has been shown to be effective against soilborne diseases, plant-parasitic nematodes, and weeds in several crop production systems. Nevertheless, limited information is available on the effects of ASD on crop yield and quality. Therefore, a field study was conducted on fresh-market tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in two different locations in Florida (Immokalee and Citra), to evaluate and compare the ASD and CSF performances on weed and nematodes control, and on fruit yield and quality. In Immokalee, Pic-Clor 60 (1,3-dichloropropene + chloropicrin) was used as the CSF, whereas in Citra, the CSF was Paldin™ [dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) + chloropicrin]. Anaerobic soil disinfestation treatments were applied using a mix of composted poultry litter (CPL) at the rate of 22 Mg·ha−1, and two rates of molasses [13.9 (ASD1) and 27.7 m3·ha−1 (ASD2)] as a carbon (C) source. In both locations, soil subjected to ASD reached highly anaerobic conditions, and cumulative soil anaerobiosis was 167% and 116% higher in ASD2 plots than in ASD1 plots, in Immokalee and Citra, respectively. In Immokalee, the CSF provided the most significant weed control, but ASD treatments also suppressed weeds enough to prevent an impact on yield. In Citra, all treatments, including the CSF, provided poor weed control relative to the Immokalee site. In both locations, the application of ASD provided a level of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne sp.) control equivalent to, or more effective than the CSF. In Immokalee, ASD2 and ASD1 plots provided 26.7% and 19.7% higher total marketable yield as compared with CSF plots, respectively. However, in Citra, total marketable yield was unaffected by soil treatments. Tomato fruit quality parameters were not influenced by soil treatments, except for fruit firmness in Immokalee, which was significantly higher in fruits from ASD treatments than in those from CSF soil. Fruit mineral content was similar or higher in ASD plots as compared with CSF. In fresh-market tomato, ASD applied using a mixture of CPL and molasses may be a sustainable alternative to CSF for maintaining or even improving marketable yield and fruit quality.

scholarly journals QTL and candidate gene analyses of rootstock-mediated tomato fruit yield and quality traits under low iron stress

Euphytica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 216 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Asins ◽  
M. V. Raga ◽  
D. Torrent ◽  
D. Roca ◽  
E. A. Carbonell
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Gene ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Iron Stress ◽  
Yield And Quality

scholarly journals Biostimulants and cherry rootstock increased tomato fruit yield and quality in sustainable farming systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Caradonia ◽  
Domenico Ronga ◽  
Alessia Flore ◽  
Riccardo Barbieri ◽  
Lionel Moulin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Sustainable Farming ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Yield And Quality

Nowadays one of the main challenges in agriculture is to increase crop yield and quality in a sustainable way. Organic farming system (OFS) is considered more eco-friendly than the conventional farming system (CFS). However, cash crops showed a reduced yield when cultivated in OFS, and among them processing tomato reported the highest yield gap between OFS and CFS. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate, both in greenhouse and field experiments, the combined effects of a cherry rootstock, genotype ‘Tomito’, and the applications of different microbial biostimulants (single species and consortia). The agronomic performance of a commercial processing tomato genotype, ‘H3402’, was assessed in order to increase fruit yield and quality in sustainable farming systems. In greenhouse experiment, the use of ‘Tomito’ as rootstock highlighted both the highest plant height (35 cm) and leaf chlorophyll content (25.20), while plants inoculated with A. brasiliensis showed the highest number of flowers (4.5). In field experiment, the combined use of grafting and microbial biostimulants increased marketable (on average 2.3 kg plant–1) and total yield (on average 2.5 kg plant–1) in comparison with the genotype ‘H3402’. All the investigated treatments reduced the number of fruits affected by blossom-end rot (on average –4.7 fruits plant–1), and A. brasiliensis also improved the fruit solid soluble content, recording values of 6.23 °Brix and 3.54 of Brix t ha–1.

scholarly journals 304 Effects of Calcium and Magnesium on Growth, Fruit Yield, and Quality of Greenhouse Tomato Grown in Rockwool

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 444B-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuming Hao ◽  
Athanasios P. Papadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Fruit Cracking ◽  
High Calcium

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cv. Trust was grown in rockwool in summer and fall 1999 and 8 calcium/magnesium nutrient treatments, formed by two levels of calcium (Ca: 150 and 300 ppm) and four levels of magnesium (Mg: 20, 50, 80, and 110 ppm), were applied to investigate the effects on growth, fruit yield and quality. High calcium (300 ppm) increased overall fruit yield and size, reduced incidence of blossom-end rot and fruit cracking. However, high calcium also reduced the dry-matter content, soluble solid content and firmness of tomato fruit, and increased fruit russetting. Magnesium did not affect early growth or fruit production. However, 2 months after applying the treatments, the plants grown under 20 ppm Mg started to show Mg-deficient symptoms (leaf chlorosis), and Mg-deficient leaves lost more than 50% of their photosynthetic capability. The Mg concentration required for achieving high yield of firm fruit with high soluble solids and dry-matter content increased as the plant aged; i.e, 50 ppm in early stage of fruit production and 80 ppm in later stage of fruit production. At the end of experiment, the plants grown with 80 ppm of Mg also had the best root systems. Therefore, for both better yield and quality, a concentration of 300/50-80 ppm Ca/Mg may be recommended. Mg concentration may be started at 50 ppm and gradually be increased to 80 ppm in the later stage of fruit production.

scholarly journals Fruit Yield and Quality as Related to Flushes of Bearing Shoots in Litchi

2008 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jer-Chia Chang ◽  
Tzong-Shyan Lin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
The Impact

The goal of this study was to document the relationship between fruit growth patterns and flushing number in litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn. cv. 73-S-20). The impact of flush number on fruit retention, fruit quality, and leaf efficiency (g fruit FW produced per unit of leaf area at harvest) was assessed in field-grown 6-year-old trees by adjusting the number of flushes per bearing shoot through girdling at two fruit developmental stages. The cumulative fruit growth was sigmoidal. The greatest fruit relative growth rate (RGR) occurred during 3 to 5 weeks after full bloom (AFB), peaking on week 3 at 0.39 g·g−1 dry weight (DW) per day. The greatest fruit absolute growth rate (AGR) occurred during weeks 8 to 11, peaking on week 11 at 0.16 g·d−1 DW. Fruit retention was sensitive to girdling applied during week 3. Most fruit dropped on branches with ≤ two flushes, whereas fruit continued to develop on branches with three flushes and on the controls. There was a gradual loss of fruit when the girdling was applied during week 8. The number of fruit retained on branches with two and three flushes was similar to the controls. At harvest, regardless of the time of branch girdling, fruit yield and quality increased with increasing number of flushes; shoots with three flushes were similar to ungirdled controls. Leaf efficiency on branches girdled during week 3 was inferior to that girdled during week 8. All treatments had similar leaf efficiency when branches were girdled during week 8. On the other hand, girdling treatment applied during week 3 resulted in variable leaf efficiency among treatment, indicating that fruit were utilizing reserves in bearing shoots. We concluded that bearing shoots of ‘73-S-20’ litchi trees require a minimum number of three flushes for adequate fruit production.

The influence of organic amendment and nickel pollution on tomato fruit yield and quality

1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Palacios ◽  
A. Carbonell-Barrachina ◽  
I. Gomez ◽  
J. Mataix
Keyword(s):  
Organic Amendment ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality
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