Can the application of rare earth elements improve yield and decrease the uptake of cadmium in ryegrass-dominated pastures?

Soil Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 826 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. McDowell ◽  
W. Catto ◽  
T. Orchiston
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Volcanic Soils ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Available Soil Moisture ◽  
The Right

Rare earth elements (REEs) have been linked to increases and decreases in plant growth and the uptake of biotoxic metals such as Cadmium (Cd). We hypothesised that under the right soil and climatic conditions the application REEs to soil may improve yield of ryegrass-dominated pasture and inhibit Cd uptake in foliage. A soil survey measuring REEs concentrations in soils from across New Zealand showed that REEs were enriched in Volcanic compared with Sedimentary-derived soils, and in soils used for dairying compared with those used for sheep and beef. From a range of REEs applied to ryegrass with and without N, lanthanum (La) showed minor yield improvement under glasshouse conditions, but only for Sedimentary (not Volcanic) soils low in REE concentration and at 40% available soil moisture or less. A similarly mixed yield response occurred in a field trial. Decreases in the Cd concentration of ryegrass (mg kg–1) only occurred in the harvests after application (40% at 20 kg La ha–1 for one soil) and did not translate into an annual effect. We conclude that there was insufficient evidence to recommend the use of La (screened from a range of REEs as the most promising) to increase annual dry matter yield or decrease Cd uptake from ryegrass-dominated pastures.

SEIXOS DE FOSFATOS-SULFATOS DOS MINERAIS DO SUPERGRUPO ALUNITA NOS ALUVIÕES DIAMANTÍFEROS DE PAININN ÀS MARGENS DO TAPAJÓS EM ITAITUBA (PARÁ): GOYAZITA-FLORENCITA-GORCEIXITA-CRANDALLITA-ESVANBERGITA/WOODHOUSEITA

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2021) (2) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Marcondes Costa ◽  
◽  
Marcus Brito ◽  
Mário Chaves ◽  
Herbert Pöllmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Aluminum Phosphate ◽  
Light Rare Earth ◽  
The Right ◽  
Light Rare Earth Elements

The diamond alluvium gravels from the Painin garimpos, on the right bank of the Tapajós River, in Itaituba, Pará, stand out for the marked presence of pebbles from <1 cm to about 10 cm in diameter consisting of aluminum phosphate-sulfates (APS minerals) from the alunite supergroup: goyazite-florencite-gorceixite-crandallite-esvanbergite/woodhouseite. They are light gray pebbles, still containing small amounts of pyrite, kaolinite, goethite and anatase. The total chemical and trace element analyzes confirm the indicated mineralogical constitution alongside the XRD. The florencite member is mainly dominated by Ce, La, Nd and Sm, the light rare earth elements, and also contains anomalous concentrations of Nb, Y, Pb, U and Th. This chemical nature of these pebbles, in part, makes it possible to compare them with the diamond satellite beans (favas) in secondary deposits in Brazil, but chemically only with the phosphates from Malawi and Sayan.

scholarly journals REAP supplemental fertilizer improves greenhouse crop yield

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Backer ◽  
Damian Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Greenhouse Crops ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Soluble Fertilizer ◽  
The Right

AbstractBackgroundMine tailings contain rare earth elements, including lanthanum and cerium, and plant micronutrients including iron. Previous studies have demonstrated that fertilizers containing rare earth elements and/or micronutrients can influence plant physiology, nutrient uptake and crop yield. However, applying the right dose of these fertilizers is critical since the concentration range associated with benefits is often narrow, and overapplication can lead to crop yield reductions. This study aimed to quantify the effects of a water-soluble fertilizer, REAP, on the yield of greenhouse crops.MethodsIn the first experiment, the effects of three concentrations of REAP (100, 250 or 500 ppm) were compared to a control (0 ppm REAP) on growth of lettuce, tomato and pepper growing in soilless media. In the second experiments, the effects of REAP applied at higher rates (500, 1000 and 2000 ppm) were compared to a control (0 ppm REAP) on the growth of lettuce, peppers, tomato and cantaloupe.ResultsIn the first experiment, there were no significant differences in yield between treatments, REAP appeared to promote root development. In the second experiment, there were significant yield increases for all crops treated with REAP. Gas exchange rates and nutrient concentration of tomato plants receiving REAP were not significantly different from the control. These results demonstrated that nutrient elements in REAP, including lanthanum, cerium, and micronutrients, improved the growth and yield of vegetable crops when applied at rates ranging from 500 to 2000 ppm.

scholarly journals VARIETY RESOURCES OF ALFALFA IN THE INTENSIFICATION OF FIELD FEED PRODUCTION

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-64
Author(s):  
Nadiia Hetman
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
The Third ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering ◽  
The Right

In the soil and climatic conditions of the Right Bank Forest-Steppe, regardless of the action of abiotic and biotic factors during the growing season, high adaptability of alfalfa was established for different geographical origins, namely the natural zone of the Forest-Steppe, Polissya, Steppe Ukraine and Serbia. It was found that under the weather conditions of 2016 year alfalfa varieties reacted differently to changes in temperature and moisture during the growing season. It is important to note the effectiveness of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers applied directly to alfalfa coverless method of sowing. In the year of sowing, alfalfa formed a powerful herbage and provided two slopes with a yield of green mass at the level of 20,13-29,80 t/ha with a dry matter yield of 4,80-6,69 t/ha. For the second year of vegetation, alfalfa was carried out according to the regimes, which considered the phases of growth and development (budding, beginning of flowering and flowering). In the first mode of cutting management (all slopes in the budding phase) it is advisable to identify three varieties of Unitro, Nasoloda and Rosana, which provided a gross dry matter of 10,41-10,48 and 2,29-2,31 t/ha of crude protein. The productivity of alfalfa increased with late term cutting - at the beginning of flowering and a combination of slopes (3rd mode). The dry matter yield was 11,40-12,62 and 2,35-2,51 t/ha of crude protein (second regime) and the indicators increased under the third regime, especially dry matter 13,58-15,80 t/ha and decreased to 2,37-2,41 t/ha of crude protein. The increase in dry matter of the second mode increased by 9,5-23,1% and crude protein by 2,6-20,5%, and in the third mode of use of alfalfa it was 2,3-11,2%, compared to the mode of mowing the grass in the budding phase. During the third year of vegetation under favorable agroecological conditions for growth and development of alfalfa plants, the studied varieties provided four slopes regardless of the mode of use of grass with a dry matter yield of 15,43-20,58 and 3,21-4,02 t/ha of crude protein. During the second and third years of vegetation from the studied modes of use of alfalfa grass for fodder purposes, the highest yield of crude protein 5,27-6,53 t/ha varieties provided for the alienation of crops at the beginning of the flowering phase, which was on average 6,0-7,1% higher than when mowing all slopes in the budding phase and a combination of slopes in the phases of growth and development (3rd mode). Thus, in the conditions of the Forest-Steppe of the right bank on gray forest soils alfalfa, regardless of geographical origin, adapted to growing conditions and provided stable productivity indicators regardless of the regime of grass use with observance of elements of cultivation technology.

Genesis of Late Miocene-Pliocene lacustrine palygorskite and calcretes from Kırşehir, central Anatolia, Turkey

Clay Minerals ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kadİr ◽  
M. Eren ◽  
T. Külah ◽  
N. Önalgİl ◽  
M. Cesur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Late Miocene ◽  
Meteoric Water ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Amorphous Material ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Central Anatolia ◽  
Heavy Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Host Rocks

AbstractThis paper addresses the mineralogy, geochemistry, and genesis of palygorskite and associated calcretes in the Kırşehir region. In this area, the Quaternary calcretes are present within and/or on lacustrine mudstones of the Kızılırmak Formation (Late Miocene-Pliocene). The calcretes occur in the form of nodules, tubes, fracture-infills, and hard laminated crusts (hardpans). Calcrete samples are predominantly composed of calcite associated with smectite, quartz, feldspar, and minor palygorskite. The lacustrine mudstone samples consist mainly of smectite and palygorskite with minor calcite, quartz, feldspar, illite, kaolinite and amorphous material. Petrographic studies revealed that the calcrete samples are predominantly micrites that were partially converted to microsparites by recrystallization. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy images indicate that palygorskite fibres formed authigenically on and between calcite rhombs in the calcrete samples and at the edges of smectite flakes of host rocks adjacent to the calcretes. The oxygen and hydrogen stable isotope values of the calcite suggest that it precipitated from meteoric water under arid or seasonally arid climatic conditions. Calcite precipitation occurred in the vadose zone, as evidenced by desiccation cracks and vadose pisolites. The enrichment of Rb+Ba±Sr and Light Rare Earth Elements (LREE) relative to Heavy Rare Earth Elements (HREE)with a distinct negative Eu anomaly are responses to the fractionation of volcanogenic feldspar and hornblende under the influence of meteoric water. The palygorskite associated with calcretes was precipitated from alkaline water rich in Si, Al and Fe and low in Mg. The palygorskite precipitation occurred at increased temperatures, characterising the advanced stage of calcrete formation which lowers the Ca content in the soil water. The required chemical elements for palygorskite and calcite were most likely derived from the dissolution of smectitic clays, ignimbrites and carbonate minerals.

scholarly journals Introduction into culture of the Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski

1970 ◽  
pp. 45-56
Author(s):  
V. V. Buhayov ◽  
V. D. Buhayov
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Psathyrostachys Juncea ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
The Right

Purpose. To evaluate a promising selection sample of the Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski for its adaptability to the agro-climatic conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe and on its basis to create a highly productive multipurpose variety. Methods. System analysis, field, laboratory, comparative calculation. Results. It has been established that Psathyrostachys juncea acquires optimal hay ripeness in the end of the first–at the beginning of the second decade of May, which is 12-13 days earlier in comparison with awnless bromegrass and crested wheat grass. The forage productivity of the green mass of the Psathyrostachys juncea for two mowings ranged from 3.31 kg/m2 in 2018 to 4.90 kg/m2 in 2017 and on average over the years of research was at the level of 4.15 kg/m2, or 41.5 tons/ha, while the yield of dry matter averaged 1.40 kg/m2. It is proved that the forage productivity of the Psathyrostachys juncea for the three years of use primarily depended on meteorological conditions during crop formation. The content of nutrients during the years of research was: crude protein – 14.84, fat – 2.36, fiber – 21.89 and ash – 7.46%, which meets the requirements of highly nutritious feed, especially for beef cattle farming. Conclusions. Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski enters into the phase of mowing ripeness in conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe 12-13 days earlier in comparison with other studied perennial grasses. The dry matter yield averages 1.40 kg/m2 with a deviation over the years from 1.20 to 1.65 kg/m2. The value of forage productivity of this species is strongly influenced by meteorological conditions during crop formation. The content of nutrients over the years of the research was: crude protein –14.84, fat – 2.36, fiber – 21.89 and ash – 7.46%. According to the results of the research, the Askanijskyi cultivar of the Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski variety was submitted for the qualification examination in the system of the state variety testing (application №19658001 dated 21.10.2019).

scholarly journals Petrology and Geochemistry of Chaleh Kaftar Granites, Northeast of Torud

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (Special-Issue1) ◽  
pp. 705-712
Author(s):  
Ebrahim Nazemi ◽  
Fatemeh Tahriri ◽  
Mostafa Mostafa baratyan
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Subduction Zones ◽  
Active Continental Margin ◽  
Crustal Contamination ◽  
Negative Slope ◽  
Calc Alkaline ◽  
Zigzag Pattern ◽  
Heavy Rare Earth Elements ◽  
The Right

According to petrographic and geochemical studies on the Chaleh Kaftar granitoids in Torud, these granitoids have an alkaline composition range including feldspar granite, quartz monzonite, and syenite. The dominant texture of the region is granular. Rock samples are of calc-alkaline nature and are situated along the calc-alkaline series. The rocks in the region are enriched with large ion lithophile elements (LILE) such as Rb, K and Th. Elements with a high ionic strength or high field strength elements (HFSE) such as Ti, P, Nb show depletion, which is the characteristic of volcanic arc granites. Such granites are formed as a result of the processes associated with subduction zones. By moving from the left to the right of spider diagrams a negative slope is observed. The zigzag pattern of these diagrams also reflects the crustal contamination of these granites. Light rare earth elements are found to be richer than heavy rare earth elements in the region. These granitoids belong to active continental margin arc environments.

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