Case study of zero-tillage organic soybean production in Brazil

Soil Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 166 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Landers ◽  
M. Challiol ◽  
L. Vilela ◽  
S. Lanz
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Shock Treatment ◽  
Environmental Services ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Soybean Production ◽  
Significant Difference

In the absence of the herbicide option, weed control is the major constraint to organic soybean production in southern Brazil and eastern Paraguay. A joint entrepreneurial initiative introduced innovative 6000-V electro-shock desiccation for pre-plant weed control in organic soybeans, under zero-tillage–conservation agriculture, complemented by already-proven inter-row cultivation and biological control methods for insects and diseases. To develop an efficient operating procedure, a field trial with the electro-shock treatment was carried out and showed 78.6% overall weed control 28 days after electro-shock treatment, and no significant difference between operating speeds of 3.42, 9.49 and 16.57 km h−1. Further research is required to improve equipment performance and prove the medium- and long-term economic and social benefits to policy-makers, in order to justify environmental services payments for this environmentally friendly system.

Soil respiration and N2O emission in croplands under different ploughing practices: a case study in south-east China

Soil Research ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shutao Chen ◽  
Yao Huang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Significant Difference

Studies on the CO2 and N2O emission patterns of agricultural soils under different ploughing practices may provide an insight into the potential and magnitude of CO2 and N2O mitigation in highly managed farmland soils. In this study, field measurements of soil respiration and N2O flux with different ploughing depths were performed in the 2003–04 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), 2004 maize (Zea mays L.), and 2004–05 wheat seasons. Soil temperature and moisture were simultaneously measured. Results showed that, in each cropping season, the seasonal variation in soil respiration developed with a similar pattern for different treatments, which was primarily regulated by soil temperature. This work demonstrates that ploughing depth can influence long-term loss of carbon from soil, but this was contingent on preceding cropping types. Given the same preceding cropping practice, no significant difference in N2O emission was found among different ploughing depths in each cropping season.

scholarly journals Effect of Tillage, Residue Management and Cropping System on the Properties of Soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bibek Thapa ◽  
Keshab Raj Pande ◽  
Baburam Khanal ◽  
Santosh Marahatta
Keyword(s):  
Cropping System ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Residue Removal ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Residue Retention

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of tillage practices, residue management and cropping system on soil properties at NMRP, Rampur, Chitwan from November 2015 to April 2016. The experiment was laid on Strip split design with combination of 12 different treatments i.e, zero tillage & conventional tillage as main plot in the strip, residue retention & residue removal as sub-plot factor and maize – wheat, maize + soybean – wheat & soybean – wheat cropping system as sub-sub plot factor. Three replications of the treatments were made. Soil sample before experiment and after harvest of wheat was taken (0-15cm). The experiment showed significant effect of zero tillage on organic carbon (2.169%) and on total soil nitrogen (0.112 %). Zero tillage with retention of residues is valuable tool for the conservation agriculture and helps in sustainability of soil however long-term research for the tillage management and residue retention should be conducted to highlight the major effects on change in properties of soil.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(2): 164-168 

EU Migration Policy: Evolving Ideas of Responsibility and Protection

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Haddad
Keyword(s):  
Forced Migration ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Common European Asylum System ◽  
The Eu

AbstractWhile humanitarian intervention in cases of state instability remains a disputed concept in international law, there is consensus in the international community over the need to provide protection to refugees, one of the corollaries of such instability. Using the European Union (EU) as a case study, this article takes a policy perspective to examine competing conceptions of both 'responsibility' and 'protection' among EU Member States. Responsibility can be seen either as the duty to move refugees around the EU such that each Member State takes its fair share, or the duty to assist those Member States who receive the highest numbers of migrants due to geography by way of practical and financial help. Similarly, protection can imply that which the EU offers within its boundaries, encompassed within the Common European Asylum System, or something broader that looks at where people are coming from and seeks to work with countries of origin and transit to provide protection outside the Union and tackle the causes of forced migration. Whether one or both of these concepts comes to dominate policy discourse over the long-term, the challenge will be to ensure an uncompromised understanding of protection among policy-makers.

scholarly journals Short-term versus Long-term Investments: A Study of Women Stock Investors of Punjab

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Vohra
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Capital Gains ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cross Tabulation

Short term capital gains and long term capital appreciation are important factors influencing the investment decisions of every investor. The purchase of long-term and short term investments by an investor varies across gender. The present study is an attempt to identify the term for which investments are made by women investors of Punjab and to explore if there is a significant difference in the term for which investments are made by women investors based on their demographics. For the purpose of the study, data were collected from primary sources using a pre tested, well-structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics as well as cross-tabulation analysis have been used in order to analyse the collected data. The results of the study brought out that the majority of women invest for a short term. The term for which the investments are made also varies with the personal monthly income of the respondents. In the light of results, the study suggests that government and the policy makers should undertake various initiatives for the economic empowerment of women as their economic empowerment is a pre requisite for their long term financial well-being.

scholarly journals Promoting the creation of Innovation Ecosystems: the case of the University of Porto

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Melo Brito
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Success Factor ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Innovation Ecosystems ◽  
The University ◽  
Key Success Factor ◽  
Knowledge Valorisation

Universities are increasingly acting as promoters of innovation, economic growth and regional development, a trend that has attracted the attention of both policy makers and researchers. The objective of this paper is to contribute to a deeper understanding of the role of higher education institutions as dynamic promoters of growth and development. The University of Porto is used as a case study to explore how universities can act as innovation ecosystems leaders and integrators. The main contributions of the paper are threefold. First, the case puts in evidence a key success factor: the talent to transform the knowledge produced by universities into valuable solutions for companies and other organisations. Second, links between universities and industry must assume a long-term and relational nature rather than an intermittent and transactional character. Finally, the success of university-based ecosystems depends on the integration of a diversity of actors, resources and competences. This means that a sustainable strategy of innovation and knowledge valorisation requires an approach that fosters both internal and external networking.

scholarly journals RESTRUKTURISASI ORGANISASI DAKWAH YANG KOMPREHENSIP [KAJIAN TERHADAP UPAYA PENJABARAN DAKWAH BERDASARKAN PMANO. 13 TAHUN 2012]

TASAMUH ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-62
Author(s):  
Kholili Kholili
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Design Strategy ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Technical Issues ◽  
Depth Interviews

Islamic Information Directorate in charge of da’wah Islam, the structure and the task would be a lot of contact with the activities of information da’wah and extension da’wah. But officials in the field of da’wah is unclear, as the structure and tasks should be done. The research problem: How to design the da’wah of Islam in the PMA 13- 2012. How policy makers formulate information da’wah and extension da’wah at all levels of the ministry of religion. Objective: Assess the design of the da’wah of Islam in the PMA 13 - 2012 and analyze how the policy makers to formulate information da’wah and extension da’wah. Research Methods. The study uses a case study to examine many documents that seeks to provide a detailed overview of the PMA 13 - 2012, but some things carefully studied and confirmed to officials associated with FGDs and in-depth interviews. There are many programs, righ now are revolve around administration technical issues, not much goes to the development of da’wah materials and methods strategically. Da’wah program, righ now, there is a program is to overcome problems that appear in society, not to get in to the undertakings of the design strategy for long-term da’wah.

Multi-Criteria Decision Aid for Sustainable Energy Prioritization Using Fuzzy Axiomatic Design

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basar Oztaysi ◽  
Mine Isik ◽  
Secil Ercan
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Axiomatic Design ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Tremendous Importance ◽  
Hierarchy Process

Sustainability has gained tremendous importance and has been an important issue both for policy makers and practitioners. Realizing that the resources on the earth are limited, renewable energy alternatives have flourished and started to replace the conventional energy alternatives. Energy planning using different energy alternatives, for the long term becomes a vital decision. In this study, fuzzy multi criteria decision- making methodologies, axiomatic design (AD) and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) are utilized for ranking both renewable and conventional energy alternatives. In the first phase AHP is utilized to determine the importance of the criteria and in the second phase fuzzy AD is used to evaluate the experts’ assessments. In the case study, both conventional and renewable energy alternatives are evaluated according to technical, economical, air quality and site selection perspectives. The case study results show that the renewable energy alternatives (biomass, geothermal power and wind) perform better than the conventional energy resources.

Evaluating the Options in Urban Areas with Financial Constraints

1996 ◽  
Vol 1518 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
Patrick Decorla-Souza ◽  
Jerry Everett ◽  
Brian Gardner ◽  
Michael Culp
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Financial Constraints ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Highway Capacity ◽  
Mixed Flow ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Infrastructure Investments ◽  
New Infrastructure

Logic is devised for a needs test for new general-purpose lane (GPL) highway capacity in urban areas that have limited funding available for new infrastructure investments. GPL capacity is defined as mixed-flow lanes on which both single-occupant and high-occupancy vehicles are permitted. Methodologies to apply the needs test and to evaluate the options in urban areas facing limitations on new GPL capacity are developed. A case study is used to demonstrate the methodologies to evaluate the air quality and cost-effectiveness impacts of transportation system alternatives, illustrating how planners may develop the type of information that policy makers will need to help them make informed decisions about long-term options.

scholarly journals Urban Policies and Planning Approaches for a Safer and Climate Friendlier Mobility in Cities: Strategies, Initiatives and Some Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1778
Author(s):  
Michela Tiboni ◽  
Silvia Rossetti ◽  
David Vetturi ◽  
Vincenza Torrisi ◽  
Francesco Botticini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transport Sector ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Urban Policies ◽  
Carbon Reduction ◽  
Planning Strategies ◽  
Neighborhood Level ◽  
Planning Approaches

How can urban policies and planning approaches help in achieving a safer mobility and carbon reduction in the transport sector? The attention of planners and policy makers towards the promotion of sustainability and reduction of environmental impacts has grown in recent years. This paper investigates the role that Urban Planning plays in the long term towards a safer and climate friendlier mobility, highlighting the need for integrated approaches gathering spatial planning and mobility management. After a review of several urban policies and planning strategies, initiatives, and approaches, mainly based on the urban scale, the paper presents an urban regeneration case study leading to an increase of pedestrian accessibility at the neighborhood level. This can be seen as a support tool to foster sustainable, safe, and climate friendly mobility in cities. The results of the performed analysis show a dependency of accessibility from two different factors: the distribution of services and the capillarity of the soft mobility network, which can contribute to creating a more walkable space.

scholarly journals Residents’ Attitudes toward Impacts of Tourism: A Case Study of Langkawi, Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurhazani Mohd. Shariff ◽  
Shaharuddin Tahir
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Tourism ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Personal Lives ◽  
Sustainable Tourism Development ◽  
Residents Attitudes ◽  
Positive Impacts

This paper presents findings from a study that was undertaken to investigate residents’ attitudes toward the impacts of tourism in Langkawi Island, Malaysia. In order to gain reliable results for the use of Langkawi policy makers and tourism planners, a standardized instrument for measuring residents’ attitude was developed and used in the study. The findings revealed that residents tend to perceive impacts that benefit them as positive impacts of tourism. The findings also indicated that residents tend to perceive impacts of tourism, either positively or negatively depending on how much they would affect their personal lives. The more dependent they were on the positive impacts of tourism, the more supportive they were toward tourism development. Thus, the findings do not support Doxey’s Irridex Model. Finally, the study suggested that for a long-term purpose of achieving sustainable tourism development, Langkawi tourism planners and policy makers should conduct several campaigns and tourism workshops for the residents. Accordingly, this would gain residents support for tourism development on the island.  

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document