Nitrogen mineralisation in soil after addition of wine distillery waste compost: laboratory and field evaluation

Soil Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 144 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Requejo ◽  
M. C. Cartagena ◽  
R. Villena ◽  
L. Giraldo ◽  
A. Arce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Evaluation ◽  
N Mineralisation ◽  
Soil Incubation ◽  
Nitrogen Mineralisation ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Mature Compost ◽  
Distillery Waste ◽  
Aerobic Soil ◽  
Different Doses

The application of wastes from the wine-distillery industry as source of organic matter and nutrients could be a good option of agricultural management. This study is focused on soil nitrogen (N) mineralisation after addition of compost derived from this industry at different doses (7, 13 and 20 t ha–1). An aerobic soil incubation in controlled conditions was carried out to study N mineralisation from the soil-compost mixture as well as isolating the compost from the soil. The data were fitted to a non-linear regression obtaining low values of potentially mineralisable N (N0) and constants of mineralisation (k) (from 81 to 104 mg kg–1 and from 0.008 to 0.013 L day–1 for the soil-compost mixtures, and from 42 to 71 mg kg–1 and from 0.009 to 0.015 L day–1 for the increasing doses of compost) which indicates that it is a mature compost very resistant to mineralisation. Nitrogen mineralised (NM) in the field during two growing seasons (2011 and 2012) of a melon crop was calculated through a N balance, taking into account N inputs and outputs in the soil-plant system. NM in the unamended plots accounted to 31 kg ha–1 and 24 kg ha–1 in 2011 and 2012, respectively, and increased proportionally to the dose of compost applied until 113 kg ha–1 and 98 kg/ha in the consecutive years. The constants of mineralisation obtained in the laboratory were adjusted by field temperatures to predict NM in the field and a general overestimation was observed. The best estimates were obtained when considering the mixture of soil and compost, which reflects the important role of the soil to evaluate N mineralisation caused by the addition of organic wastes.

scholarly journals Albizia chinensis bark extract ameliorates the genotoxic effect of cyclophosphamide

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian Nabil ◽  
Entesar E. Hassan ◽  
Neven S. Ghaly ◽  
Fawzia A. Aly ◽  
Farouk R. Melek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Repeated Treatment ◽  
Mouse Bone Marrow ◽  
Sperm Abnormalities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Doses

Abstract Background The genus Albizia (Leguminoseae) is used in folk medicine for the treatment of a wide range of ailments. Recently, saponins from plant origin have attracted much attention. Saponins are recorded to have a broad range of biological and pharmacological activities. This study was performed to evaluate the protective role of Albizia chinensis bark methanolic extract (MEAC) against the genotoxicity induced by cyclophosphamide (CP) using different mutagenic parameters. Results The results showed that MEAC induced an inhibitory effect against chromosomal aberrations of CP in mouse bone marrow and spermatocytes. Such effect was found to be significant (p < 0.01) with a dose of 100 mg/kg treated once for 24 h and also after repeated treatment at a dose of 25 mg/kg for 7 days. In sperm abnormalities, the protective effect of Albizia extract showed a dose-related relationship. Different doses of MEAC (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.01) ameliorated sperm abnormalities induced by CP dose-dependently. The percentage of sperm abnormalities was decreased to 5.14 ± 0.72 in the group of animals treated with CP plus MEAC (100 mg/kg) indicating an inhibitory effect of about 50%. Conclusion MEAC at the doses examined was non-genotoxic compared to control (negative) and exhibited a protective role against CP genotoxicity.

scholarly journals The Effects of N-Acetylcysteine on the Rat Mesocorticolimbic Pathway: Role of mGluR5 Receptors and Interaction with Ethanol

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 593
Author(s):  
Sandra Fernández-Rodríguez ◽  
Claudia Esposito-Zapero ◽  
Teodoro Zornoza ◽  
Ana Polache ◽  
Luis Granero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Activation ◽  
Ethanol Administration ◽  
Metabotropic Receptors ◽  
Negative Allosteric Modulator ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Cell Expression ◽  
Mucolytic Agent ◽  
Different Doses

N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a prodrug that is marketed as a mucolytic agent and used for the treatment of acetaminophen overdose. Over the last few decades, evidence has been gathered that suggests the potential use of NAC as a new pharmacotherapy for alcohol use disorder (AUD), although its mechanism of action is already being debated. In this paper, we set out to assess both the potential involvement of the glutamate metabotropic receptors (mGluR) in the possible dual effect of NAC administered at two different doses and NAC’s effect on ethanol-induced activation. To this aim, 30 or 120 mg/kg of NAC was intraperitoneally administered to rats with the presence or absence of the negative allosteric modulator of mGluR5 (MTEP 0.1 mg/kg). Thereafter, the cFOS IR-cell expression was analyzed. Secondly, we explored the effect of 120 mg/kg of NAC on the neurochemical and behavioral activation induced by intra-VTA ethanol administration (150 nmol). Our results showed that the high NAC dose stimulated cFOS expression in the NAcc, and that this effect was suppressed in the presence of MTEP, thus suggesting the implication of mGluR5. Additionally, high doses could attenuate the ethanol-induced increase in cFOS-expression in the NAcc, probably due to a phenomenon based on the long-term depression of the MSNs. Additional experiments are required to corroborate our hypothesis.

Kaolin impacts on hormonal balance, polyphenolic composition and oenological parameters in red grapevine berries during ripening

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Sara Bernardo ◽  
Lia-Tânia Dinis ◽  
Nelson Machado ◽  
Ana Barros ◽  
Marta Pitarch-Bielsa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Polyphenolic Composition ◽  
Berry Ripening ◽  
Hormonal Balance ◽  
Summer Stress ◽  
Fruit Damage ◽  
Stress Signals

BACKGROUND: Kaolin particle-film application is a well-known strategy to avoid fruit damage. However, its putative role in balancing berry ripening under a changing climate remains poorly explored. OBJECTIVE: We assessed kaolin treatment effect on several ripening berry components, hormonal balance and oenological parameters of the field-grown Touriga-Franca (TF) and Touriga–Nacional (TN) grapevine varieties at veraison (EL35) and ripening (EL38) during two growing seasons (2017 and 2018). RESULTS: Under the adverse summer conditions (two heatwave events) of 2017, kaolin application increased 211.2 %and 51.4 %the salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA) levels in TF berries at EL38, while no significant differences were observed in TN. Conversely, TF, and TN kaolin treated berries showed lower SA and ABA accumulation in 2018, respectively. Tartaric acid content increased about 17.2 %, and 24.2 %in TF and TN treated berries at stage EL35 in the 2017 growing season. Though kaolin treatment had no consistent effect on anthocyanins accumulation, flavonoids, ortho-diphenols and tannins increased in kaolin treated grapevines in 2017. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the key role of climate in triggering ripening related processes and fruit quality potential. Nevertheless, kaolin treated grapevines displayed an improved response to oxidative stress signals by increasing secondary metabolites accumulation in warm vintages. Kaolin application promoted different varietal responses, with a possible ripening delaying effect in TF, reinforcing its efficiency in alleviating severe summer stress impacts.

scholarly journals Weipiling ameliorates gastric precancerous lesions in Atp4a−/− mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Liu ◽  
Zi-ming Zhao ◽  
Yuan-liang Liu ◽  
Hua-feng Pan ◽  
Li-zhu Lin
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Tunel Staining ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Chinese Medicine Formula ◽  
Pas Staining ◽  
Different Doses

Abstract Background Altered cellular metabolism is considered to be one of the hallmarks of cancer (Coller, Am J Pathol 184:4–17, 2014; Kim and Bae, Curr Opin Hematol 25:52–59, 2018). However, few studies have investigated the role of metabolism in the development of gastric precancerous lesions (GPLs). Weipiling (WPL), a traditional Chinese medicine formula for treatment of GPLs. In this study, we evaluated the amelioration of GPLs by WPL and investigated the possible role of WPL in regulating glucose metabolism. Methods Firstly, the major components of WPL are chemically characterized by HPLC analytical method. In this study, we chose the Atp4a−/− mouse model (Spicer etal., J Biol Chem 275:21555–21565, 2000) for GPL analysis. Different doses of WPL were administered orally to mice for 10 weeks. Next, the pathological changes of gastric mucosa were assessed by the H&E staining and AB-PAS staining. In addition, TUNEL staining was used to evaluate apoptosis, and we further used immunohistochemically labelled CDX2, MUC2, ki-67, PTEN, and p53 proteins to assess the characteristic changes of gastric mucosa in precancerous lesions. The levels of such transporters as HK-II, PKM2, ENO1, MPC1, and LDHA were determined by Western blot analysis. Finally, we assessed the expression of mTOR, HIF-1α, AMPK, Rheb, TSC1 and TSC2 protein in the gastric mucosa of Atp4a−/−mice. Results In this work, we evaluated the protective effect of WPL on gastric mucosa in mice with precancerous lesions. The aberrant apoptosis in gastric mucosa of gastric pre-cancerous lesions was controlled by WPL (P<0.05). Furthermore, WPL suppressed the expression of CDX2, MUC2, ki-67, PTEN and p53, as the levels of these proteins decreased significantly compared with the model group (P<0.05). In parallel, WPL significantly suppressed the expression of transporters, such as HK-II, PKM2, ENO1, MPC1 and LDHA (P<0.05). In addition, mTOR, HIF-1a, AMPK, Rheb, TSC1 and TSC2 protein levels in gastric mucosa of Atp4a−/− mice in the high- and low-dose WPL groups were significantly lower than those in the model group (P<0.05), while the expression of TSC1 and TSC2 protein was significantly higher (P<0.05). Conclusions Conclusively, WPL could ameliorate GPLs in Atp4a−/− mice by inhibiting the expression of transporters and suppressing the aberrant activation of mTOR/HIF-1α.

scholarly journals Role of Vitamin E on Indomethacin induced low pH of Seminal Fluid in Long Evans Rats

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-15
Author(s):  
Md Jahangir Alam ◽  
Humaira Naushaba ◽  
Uttam Kumar Paul ◽  
Tahmina Begum ◽  
Sunjida Shahriah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Seminal Fluid ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
The Other ◽  
Testicular Damage ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Long Evans ◽  
Different Doses

Context: Indomethacin is the most commonly and widely used nonsteroidal antinflammatory analgesic and antipyretic drug. Though it is effective drug in various diseases, indomethacin causes inhibition of spermatogenesis by lowering the pH of seminal fluid leading to infertility. On the other hand, vitamin E enhances spermatogenesis by increasing pH of the seminal fluid. Therefore, the present study was designed to observe the protective role of vitamin E on indomethacin induced low pH of seminal fluid in testicular damage. Objective: To observe the effects of vitamin E on indomethacin induced low pH of seminal fluid in testicular damage in Long Evans rats. Study design: An experimental study. Place and period of study: The study was carried out in the Department of Anatomy, Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka in the period of August, 2005 to June, 2006. Materials and methods: Eightyfour mature Long Evans male rats were divided into four groups (I, II, III and IV). The rats of group I, II and III were treated with indomethacin at different doses and duration. Group IV rats were treated with indomethacin plus vitamin E at different doses for 49 days. The pH of seminal fluid were measured biochemically. Results: There was significant reduction (P<0.001) of pH of seminal fluid when the rats were treated with indomethacin at low (2 mg/kg body weight/day) and high (10 mg/kg body weight/day) doses for 7, 14 and 42 days, respectively. On the other hand, rats treated with indomethacin plus vitamin E for 49 days showed increase in pH of seminal fluid compared to other groups (P<0.001). Conclusion: It can be concluded from the study that vitamin E has potential role in the prevention of the antispermatogenic effects of indomethacin by increasing the pH of seminal fluid. Key words: seminal fluid; indomethacin; vitamin E   DOI: 10.3329/bja.v8i1.6103 Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy January 2010, Vol. 8 No. 1 pp. 13-15

scholarly journals The role of erenumab in the treatment of migraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 175628642092711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna P. Andreou ◽  
Matteo Fuccaro ◽  
Giorgio Lambru
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
European Medicines Agency ◽  
Human Antibody ◽  
Subcutaneous Injections ◽  
Calcitonin Gene ◽  
The Us ◽  
Different Doses

Calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been the first class of specifically developed preventive treatments for migraine. Clinical trials data suggest superiority of the CGRP mAbs to placebo in terms of prevention of migraine symptoms, migraine-specific quality of life and headache related disability. Treatment-related side effects overall did not differ significantly from placebo and discontinuation rate due to side effects has been low across the clinical trials, perhaps in view of their peripheral mode of action. Along with their route and frequency of administration, these novel class of drugs may constitute an improvement compared with the established arsenal of migraine treatments. Erenumab is a fully human antibody and the only mAb acting on the CGRP pathway by blocking its receptor. It is the first of the CGRP mAb class approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (May 2018) and the European Medicines Agency (July 2018). Erenumab exists in two different doses (70 mg and 140 mg) and it is administered with monthly subcutaneous injections. This review summarises erenumab pharmacological characteristics, clinical trials data, focusing on the potential role of this treatment in clinical practice.

Boron and Magnesium Fertilization of a Coastal Douglas-Fir Plantation

1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Green ◽  
R. E. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Height Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Boron Deficiency ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Foliar Symptoms ◽  
Foliar Concentrations ◽  
A Site ◽  
Coastal British Columbia ◽  
Severe Growth

Abstract This study examines the role of boron and magnesium nutrition in the occurrence of severe growth distortion symptoms in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) in the Skwawka River valley of south coastal British Columbia. Four fertilizer treatments including boron (2.25 kg B/ha), magnesium (42 kg Mg/ha), boron plus magnesium, and a control, were applied in conjunction with planting on a site believed to be deficient in these nutrients. After 5 growing seasons, only treatments containing boron (B and B+Mg) showed improved height growth over the control trees. The incidence of leader dieback, swollen leading shoots, and foliage distortion was significantly related to treatment with virtually no occurrence in plots treated with boron. Seedling uptake of applied boron was high, with foliar concentrations of 45 ppm found after the second growing season. Foliar B levels declined to 13-15 ppm after 5 growing seasons. No significant increase in foliar magnesium levels was detected for either of the magnesium treatments. The reduction in the incidence of leader dieback and shoot and foliar symptoms in seedlings treated with B indicate that these symptoms were the result of boron deficiencies. This is the first study to verify boron deficiency in coastal Douglas-fir through fertilizer trials. West. J. Appl. For. 8(2):48-53.

scholarly journals M211. NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF SHI-ZHEN-AN-SHEN-TANG, A CHINESE HERB FORMULA ON MICE EXPOSED TO CUPRIZONE

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S216-S217
Author(s):  
Chao Ma ◽  
Yan Wu ◽  
Pei Chen ◽  
Yuan Jia ◽  
Dongqing Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Chinese Herb ◽  
Large Body ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Neuregulin 1 ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Medium Dose

Abstract Background Our previous study indicated a therapeutic effect of Shi-Zhen-An-Shen-Tang (SZAST), a Chinese herb formula, on schizophrenia, but the related mechanism is unknown(citation). A large body of evidence suggests the important role of white matter of the brain in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of SZAST on schizophrenia with demyelinated mice. Methods Male C57BL/6 mice were given mixed cuprizone (CPZ, a copper chelator, 0.2 %, w/w) rodent chow for six successive weeks to induce demyelination. During the last two weeks, mice were given an oral gavage of saline, or SZAST of three different doses (a low dose of 5.5g·kg-1·d-1, a medium dose of 8.24g·kg-1·d-1, or a high dose of 10.98 g·kg-1·d-1), or quetiapine, respectively. Behavioral tests were conducted after the last treatment. Meanwhile, the expression of myelin basic protein (MBP) and neuregulin-1(NRG1) in the brain was tested by immunohistochemistry staining or Western Blot. Results Mice exposed to CPZ for six weeks showed obvious schizophrenia-like behaviors, including lower nest-building activity, sensory gating activity, and higher locomotor activity. CPZ-fed mice also displayed a lower myelin density in the corpus callosum, hippocampus, and cerebral cortex and a reduction of MBP and NRG1 protein in the hippocampus compared with controls. Both quetiapine and SZAST significantly alleviated the abnormal schizophrenia-like behaviors and the impairment of myelin sheath in CPZ-fed mice, however, SZAST with medium dose showed better neuroprotective effect than the low dose or the high dose of SZAST. Furthermore, the expression of NRG1protein in the hippocampus was slightly, but not significantly increased in all SZAST-treated and quetiapine-treated groups. Discussion These results indicate that the neuroprotective effect of SZAST in demyelinated mice might partially relate to remyelination in the hippocampus in CPZ-fed mice.

The effect of several doses of oral tocainide HC1 on tinnitus: a dose-finding study

1984 ◽  
Vol 98 (S9) ◽  
pp. 257-258
Author(s):  
Jan H. Hulshof ◽  
Pieter Vermey
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Dose Finding ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
Finding Study ◽  
Dose Finding Study ◽  
Single Blind ◽  
Different Doses

From all methods of the treatment of tinnitus, medical, masking, surgery, electrical stimulation and psychological, we believe a reliable medical treatment would be preferable because it is easy to apply. An immense variety of drugs have been used for the treatment of tinnitus (Vernon, 1977). The most reliable drugs so far on tinnitus are intravenous procaine and lidocaine (Bárány, 1935; Lewy, 1937; Melding et al., 1978; Martin and Colman, 1980; Israel et al., 1982). The fact that these drugs cannot be given orally because of the poor biological availability after oral administration, is a great disadvantage. In view of the important pharmaco-therapeutic role of lidocaine as an anti-arrhythmic drug, considerable research has been devoted to drugs with comparable anti-arrhythmic properties but permitting oral administration. This work produced tocainide (Smith, 1981), which showed a certain degree of effect on tinnitus as well (Emmett and Shea, 1980; Cathcart, 1982). Before starting a randomized double-blind controlled trial to assess the effect on tinnitus of tocainide, we studied the effect of several doses of tocainide HCl on tinnitus in order to select an appropriate dosage. Nineteen patients with obstructive tinnitus of various aetiologies were admitted to the study. There were 10 women and nine men. Their mean age was 54 years (range 22–67 years). Tocainide was administered in five different doses in a single-blind controlled trial. To be able to judge the effect under steady conditions, each dose was given for four days, as shown in Table I. On the fourth day of each period the patients had to record the degree of impediment caused by the tinitus on a six-point scale (Table II). They were also asked to report all sideeffects.

scholarly journals The Role of (E)-2-octenyl Acetate as a Pheromone of Bagrada hilaris (Burmeister): Laboratory and Field Evaluation

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Mokhtar Abdulsattar Arif ◽  
Salvatore Guarino ◽  
Stefano Colazza ◽  
Ezio Peri
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Mate Location ◽  
Intraspecific Interactions ◽  
Volatile Chemicals ◽  
Main Compound ◽  
The World ◽  
And Control ◽  
Antennal Responses

The pentatomid bug Bagrada hilaris is a key pest of brassicaceous crops in several areas of the world. Previous studies suggest that mate location of this species is mediated by volatile chemicals produced by males, among which the main compound is (E)-2-octenyl acetate. However, the possible attraction of males, females, and nymphs to this compound has not yet been specifically tested. In this study, we tested the response of B. hilaris females, males, and nymphs to (E)-2-octenyl acetate using an electroantennogram (EAG) and olfactometer in the presence or absence of a host plant. Moreover, (E)-2-octenyl acetate as an attractant lure in field trap bioassays was evaluated. EAG recordings showed that this compound evokes antennal responses in B. hilaris females. Olfactometer behavioral responses showed that females and nymphs were attracted to (E)-2-octenyl acetate, while males showed no attraction. In the field trap bioassays, captures were obtained in traps baited with 5 and 10 mg of (E)-2-octenyl acetate, while in traps loaded with 2 mg and control traps, there were no recorded catches. These results suggest the involvement of (E)-2-octenyl acetate in intraspecific interactions of this species.

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