Predicting pH buffering capacity of New Zealand soils from organic matter content and mineral characteristics

Soil Research ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Curtin ◽  
Stephen Trolove
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Ph Buffering ◽  
Mineral Characteristics ◽  
Permanent Pasture

Information on the pH buffer capacity of soil is required to estimate changes in pH due to acidic or alkaline inputs, and to model pH-dependent processes within the soil nitrogen (N) cycle. The objective was to determine whether a model based on soil organic matter (SOM) and mineral characteristics (clay content, extractable iron (Fe) and aluminium (Al)) would be adequate to estimate the buffer capacities of New Zealand soils. We measured pH changes in 34 soils, representing a range of SOM and texture, after equilibration with several rates (range 0–15 cmol OH– kg–1 soil) of either KOH or Ca(OH)2. The Ca(OH)2 method often yielded higher buffer capacity values than the KOH method, possibly because of incomplete reaction of Ca(OH)2, especially at high addition rates. Buffer capacity (measured using KOH) of the soils was strongly correlated with soil carbon (C) (R2 = 0.76), and weakly (but significantly, P < 0.05) with clay content, and with dithionite extractable Fe and Al. A regression with soil C, clay, and P-retention (a surrogate for extractable Al and Fe) as independent variables explained 90% of the variability in pH buffering. The role of organic matter was further evaluated by measuring buffer capacity of soil from research plots at Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand, that differed in C (21–37 g C kg–1 in the top 7.5 cm; 19–26 g C kg–1 in the 7.5–15 cm) as a result of the treatments imposed during the 12-year trial period. A substantial decrease in pH buffering (by up to 24% in top 7.5 cm) was associated with a decline in SOM following the conversion of permanent pasture (pre-trial land use) to arable cropping. Across all treatments and sampling depths, buffer capacity was linearly related (R2 = 0.84, P < 0.001) to soil C; the estimated buffer capacity of SOM was 89 cmolc kg–1 C pH unit–1, similar to the value calculated from the previous study with different soil types. After 12 years, treatments with low soil C concentrations tended to be more acidic, possibly partly because of weaker pH buffering.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Microbial Formation of Nitrate-Nitrogen in Soil and Their Effects on Fertilizer Nitrogen Use Efficiency

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 122-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Olness ◽  
Dian Lopez ◽  
David Archer ◽  
Jason Cordes ◽  
Colin Sweeney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Decision Aid ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
Soil Clay ◽  
Soil Clay Content

Mineralization of soil organic matter is governed by predictable factors with nitrate-N as the end product. Crop production interrupts the natural balance, accelerates mineralization of N, and elevates levels of nitrate-N in soil. Six factors determine nitrate-N levels in soils: soil clay content, bulk density, organic matter content, pH, temperature, and rainfall. Maximal rates of N mineralization require an optimal level of air-filled pore space. Optimal air-filled pore space depends on soil clay content, soil organic matter content, soil bulk density, and rainfall. Pore space is partitioned into water- and air-filled space. A maximal rate of nitrate formation occurs at a pH of 6.7 and rather modest mineralization rates occur at pH 5.0 and 8.0. Predictions of the soil nitrate-N concentrations with a relative precision of 1 to 4 μg N g–1of soil were obtained with a computerized N fertilizer decision aid. Grain yields obtained using the N fertilizer decision aid were not measurably different from those using adjacent farmer practices, but N fertilizer use was reduced by >10%. Predicting mineralization in this manner allows optimal N applications to be determined for site-specific soil and weather conditions.

scholarly journals A small rainfall simulator for the determination of soil erodibility.

1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kamphorst
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Erodibility ◽  
Rainfall Simulator ◽  
Highly Sensitive

A small rainfall simulator is described, which can be used in the field as well as in the laboratory for the determination of infiltration and erosion characterisitcs of soils. It is particularly suitable for soil conservation surveys, as it is light to carry and easy to handle in the field. A description is given of a standard procedure for the determination of topsoil erodibilities in the field and some results are presented. The method appears to be highly sensitive to soil properties influencing soil erodibility, such as clay content, organic matter content and soil pH. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Relationships between extractable Al, selected soil properties, pH buffer capacity and lime requirement in some acidic Queensland soils

Soil Research ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
RL Aitken
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Ph Buffering ◽  
Ph Buffer ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Chloride Salts ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The objectives of this study were to examine (1) interrelationships between various forms of extractable A1 and selected soil properties, (2) the contribution of extractable A1 to pH buffer capacity, and (3) investigate the use of extractable A1 to predict lime requirement. Aluminium was extracted from each of 60 Queensland soils with a range of chloride salts: 1 M KCl (AlK), 0.5 M CuCl2 (AlCu), 0.33 M LaCl3 (AlLa) and 0.01 M CaCl2 (AlCa). The amounts of A1 extracted were in the order AlCu > AlLa > Alk > AlCa. Little or no A1 was extracted by KC1 or Lac13 in soils with pHw values greater than 5.5 , whereas CuCl2 extracted some A1 irrespective of soil pH. The greater amounts of A1 extracted by CuCl2 were attributed mainly to A1 from organic matter, even though all of the soils were mineral soils (organic carbon 54.7%). Both AlCu and AlLa, were significantly (P < 0.001) correlated with organic carbon, whereas none of the extractable A1 measures was correlated with clay content. AlK and A~L, were poorly correlated to pH buffer capacity. The linear relationship between AlCu and pH buffer capacity (r2 = 0.49) obtained in this study supports the view of previous researchers that the hydrolysis of A1 adsorbed by organic matter is a source of pH buffering in soils. However, the change in CEC with pH accounted for 76% of the variation in pH buffer capacity, indicating that other mechanisms such as deprotonation of organic groups and variable charge minerals are also involved in pH buffering. The ability of CuCl2 and LaCl3extractable Al to estimate lime requirement depended on the target pH. The results suggest that lime requirements based on neutralization of AlLa would be sufficient to raise pHw to around 5.5, whereas requirements based on neutralization of AlCu substantially overestimated the actual lime requirement to pHw 5.5, but gave a reasonable estimation of the lime requirement to pHw 6 5.

Surfactant Effects on Picloram Adsorption by Soils

Weed Science ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 549-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Gaynor ◽  
V. V. Volk
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Cationic Surfactant ◽  
Anionic Surfactant ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Surfactant Solution ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Adsorption Sites ◽  
Surfactant Solutions ◽  
Extractable Al

The effects of soil organic matter, clay, extractable Al, cation exchange capacity, and pH on the adsorption of picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) from aqueous and surfactant solutions were investigated. Linear adsorption isotherms for the soils were obtained with the Freundlich equation. Of the five soil properties investigated, Freundlich K values correlated with extractable Al and clay content. Picloram adsorption from aqueous solutions and from the non-ionic and anionic surfactant solutions was greater on the soils at pH 5 than at pH 7. The anionic surfactant competed with picloram for adsorption sites on the soils at pH 5. Picloram adsorption from solutions containing 0.1 and 1% cationic surfactant was greater than that from aqeuous and anionic and nonionic surfactant solutions. Picloram adsorption from the 10% cationic surfactant solution was similar on soils with pH 5 and 7 and increased with decreased organic matter content.

scholarly journals Relationship of soil properties to fractionation, bioavailability and mobility of lead and zinc in soil

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 225-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Finžgar ◽  
P. Tlustoš ◽  
D. Leštan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Matter Content

Sequential extractions, metal uptake by <i>Taraxacum officinale</i>, Ruby&rsquo;s physiologically based extraction test (PBET) and toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), were used to assess the risk of Pb and Zn in contaminated soils, and to determine relationships among soil characteristics, heavy metals soil fractionation, bioavailability and leachability. Regression analysis using linear and 2nd order polynomial models indicated relationships between Pb and Zn contamination and soil properties, although of small significance (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Statistically highly significant correlations (<i>P</i> < 0.001) were obtained using multiple regression analysis. A correlation between soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) and soil organic matter and clay content was expected. The proportion of Pb in the PBET intestinal phase correlated with total soil Pb and Pb bound to soil oxides and the organic matter fraction. The leachable Pb, extracted with TCLP, correlated with the Pb bound to carbonates and soil organic matter content (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 69%). No highly significant correlations (<i>P</i> < 0.001) for Zn with soil properties or Zn fractionation were obtained using multiple regression.

scholarly journals Response of Fractal Analysis to Soil Quality Succession in Long-Term Compound Soil Improvement of Mu Us Sandy Land, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Haiou Zhang ◽  
Jiancang Xie ◽  
Jichang Han ◽  
Haipeng Nan ◽  
Zhen Guo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soft Rock ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Sandy Land ◽  
Mu Us Sandy Land

The degraded aeolian sandy soil in China’s Mu Us Sandy Land requires amendment before it can be suitable for maize or other agricultural production. The addition of material from the local “soft” bedrock can create a new compound soil whose particle composition and structural stability are key issues for sustainable soil development in the region. We used field data from 2010 to 2018 to study the variations in fractal characteristics of compound soil particles at soft rock to sand volume ratios of 1 : 1, 1 : 2, and 1 : 5, along with changes in soil organic matter. Over the study period, all three compound soils showed gradual increases in clay and silt content with corresponding decreasing sand content. The fractal dimension (FD) of particles at ratio 1 : 2 increased by 8.8%, higher than those at 1 : 1 (8.6%) and 1 : 5 (7.7%). The organic matter content (OMC) of particles at ratio 1 : 2 reached a maximum (6.24 ± 0.30 g/kg), an increase of 12 times over the original value. The FD and OMC of particles at ratios 1 : 1 and 1 : 5 were less stable but showed overall increase. The 1 : 2 ratio compound soil was most suitable for maize growth as its clear increase in silt and clay content most improved the texture and OMC of the original sandy soil. Such research has important theoretical and practical significance for understanding the evolutionary mechanism and sustainable use of the compound soil in agriculture within the Mu Us Sandy Land.

scholarly journals Diversity and distribution of crustaceans from 13 sheltered sandy beaches along São Sebastião Channel, south-eastern Brazil

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.R. Nucci ◽  
A. Turra ◽  
E.H. Morgado
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Sediment Grain Size ◽  
Crustacean Species ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Brazil

The crustacean species composition in the intertidal zones of 13 sheltered unconsolidated marine beaches in south-eastern Brazil is described. Fifty-three crustacean species were collected, adding 46 species to the total reported by previous studies in the same region. Decapods dominated the community, in contrast to exposed sandy beaches where peracarids normally predominate. The species were distributed irregularly among the beaches. Richness varied markedly among sites, and was positively related to a combination of factors such as fine sand grains, high organic matter content, and relatively low silt–clay content. The presence of rock fragments enabled both rocky shore and sandy beach crustaceans to occur on the same beaches. Richness and abundance of crustaceans showed no clear relationship to sediment grain size and slope, in contrast to the norm for exposed sandy beaches. The dominance of the tanaid Kalliapseudes schubarti in some areas may be a result of organic matter pollution in the region. These beaches showed higher species richness than typical sheltered and exposed sandy beaches, indicating that this sheltered, highly heterogeneous seascape is an important area for conservation.

Organic phosphorus speciation in Australian Red Chromosols: stoichiometric control

Soil Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda R. S. Moata ◽  
Ashlea L. Doolette ◽  
Ronald J. Smernik ◽  
Ann M. McNeill ◽  
Lynne M. Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
31P Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Forms ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Soil P

Organic phosphorus (P) plays an important role in the soil P cycle. It is present in various chemical forms, the relative amounts of which vary among soils, due to factors including climate, land use, and soil type. Few studies have investigated co-variation between P types or stoichiometric correlation with the key elemental components of organic matter– carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), both of which may influence P pool structure and dynamics in agricultural soils. In this study we determined the organic P speciation of twenty Australian Red Chromosols soils, a soil type widely used for cropping in Australia. Eight different chemical forms of P were quantified by 31P NMR spectroscopy, with a large majority (>90%) in all soils identified as orthophosphate and humic P. The strongest correlations (r2 = 0.77–0.85, P < 0.001) between P types were found among minor components: (i) between two inositol hexakisphosphate isomers (myo and scyllo) and (ii) between phospholipids and RNA (both detected as their alkaline hydrolysis products). Total soil C and N were correlated with phospholipid and RNA P, but not the most abundant P forms of orthophosphate and humic P. This suggests an influence of organic matter content on the organic P pool consisting of phospholipid and RNA, but not on inositol P or the largest organic P pool in these soils – humic P.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Factors on the Adsorption of Phosphamidon on Two Different Types of Indian Soil

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 583-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhirendra Singh
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Adsorption Isotherms ◽  
Alluvial Soil ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Standard Entropy ◽  
Indian Soil ◽  
Different Types

The effect of exchangeable cations (H+ and Na+). autoclaving, organic matter, anionic surfactants and temperature on the adsorption of phosphamidon on two different types of Indian soil was studied. The adsorption isotherms for all the effects/treatments were in close agreement with the Freundlich equation and yielded S-shaped isotherms. The amount of phosphamidon adsorbed in all cases was higher in medium black (silt loam) soil than alluvial soil (sandy loam) and was related to the organic matter content, clay content, CaCO3 content, surface area and cation-exchange capacity of the soils. The adsorption on both types of soil follows the order H+-soil > Na+-soil > natural soil at 10°C > natural soil at 20°C > autoclaved soil > organic matter-removed soil > anionic surfactant > natural soil at 40°C, which was in accordance with the Freundlich constant, KF, and distribution coefficient, Kd, values. The adsorption capacity of phosphamidon for organic matter and clay content for both the soils was evaluated by calculating the Kom and Kc values when it was found that phosphamidon adsorption was better correlated with the clay content than with the orgnic matter content on the basis of adsorption isotherms. Various thermodynamic parameters such as the thermodynamic equilibrium constant (K0), the standard free energy (ΔG0), the standard enthalpy (ΔH0) and the standard entropy (ΔS0) changes have been calculated as a means of predicting the nature of the isotherms.

Comparison of aggregate stability within six soil profiles under conventional tillage using various laboratory tests

Biologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Radka Kodešová ◽  
Marcela Rohošková ◽  
Anna Žigová
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Structure Stability ◽  
Soil Aggregate Stability

AbstractSoil structure stability was studied in every diagnostic horizons of six soil types (Haplic Chernozem, Greyic Phaeozem, two Haplic Luvisols, Haplic Cambisol, Dystric Cambisol) using different techniques investigating various destruction mechanisms of soil aggregates. Soil aggregate stability, assessed by the index of water stable aggregates (WSA), varied depending on the organic matter content, clay content and pHKCl. The presence of clay and organic matter coatings and fillings, and presence of iron oxides in some soils increased stability of soil aggregates. On the other hand periodical tillage apparently decreased aggregate stability in the Ap horizons. Coefficients of aggregate vulnerability resulting from fast wetting (KV 1) and slow wetting (KV 2) tests showed similar trends of the soil aggregate stability as the WSA index, when studied for soils developed on the similar parent material. There was found close correlation between the WSA index and the KV 1 value, which depended also on the organic matter content, clay content and pHKCl. Less significant correlation was obtained between the WSA index and the KV 2 value, which depended on the organic matter content and clay content. Coefficients of vulnerability resulting from the shaking after pre-wetting test (KV 3) showed considerably different trends in comparison to the other tests due to the different factors affecting aggregate stability against the mechanical destruction. The KV 3 value depended mostly on cation exchange capacity, pHKCl and organic matter content.

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