scholarly journals Capacity for increasing soil organic carbon stocks in dryland agricultural systems

Soil Research ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 657 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. C. Hoyle ◽  
M. D'Antuono ◽  
T. Overheu ◽  
D. V. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Soc Stock

Assessment of the potential for soil carbon sequestration based on soil type, land use, and climate scenarios is crucial for determining which agricultural regions can be used to help mitigate increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations. In semi-arid and Mediterranean-type environments, soil organic carbon (SOC) storage capacity is rarely achieved under dryland agricultural systems. We aimed to assess both actual (measured) and attainable (modelled) SOC stock values for the dryland agricultural production zone of Western Australia. We measured actual SOC storage (0–0.3 m) and known constraints to plant growth for a range of soils types (3–27% clay) and land uses (continuous cropping, mixed cropping, annual and perennial pastures) on the Albany sand plain in Western Australia (n = 261 sites), spanning a rainfall gradient of 421–747 mm. Average actual SOC stocks for land use–soil type combinations ranged from 33 to 128 t C/ha (0–0.3 m). Up to 89% of the variability in actual SOC stock was explained by soil depth, rainfall, land use, and soil type. The scenarios modelled with Roth-C predicted that attainable SOC values of 59–140 t C/ha (0–0.3 m) could be achieved within 100 years. This indicated an additional storage capacity of 5–45% (7–27 t C/ha) depending on the specific land use–soil type combination. However, actual SOC in the surface 0–0.1 m was 95 to >100% of modelled attainable SOC values, suggesting this soil depth was ‘saturated’. Our findings highlight that additional SOC storage capacity in this region is limited to the subsoil below 0.1 m. This has implications for management strategies to increase SOC sequestration in dryland agricultural systems, as current practices tend to concentrate organic matter near the soil surface.

scholarly journals Comparatives Study of Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) under Forest, Cultivated and Barren Land: A Case of Chovar Village, Kathmandu

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Bhandari ◽  
S Bam
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Barren Land ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Soc Stock ◽  
Land Use And Management

The study was carried out in Chovar village of Kritipur Municipality, Kathmandu to compare the soil organic carbon (SOC) of three main land use types namely forest, agricultural and barren land and to show how land use and management are among the most important determinants of SOC stock. Stratified random sampling method was used for collecting soil samples. Walkley and Black method was applied for measuring SOC. Land use and soil depth both affected SOC stock significantly. Forest soil had higher SOC stock (98 t ha-1) as compared to agricultural land with 36.6 t ha-1 and barren land with 83.6 t ha-1. Similarly, the SOC in terms of CO22-1, 79.27 to 22.02 CO2-e ha-1 and 121.11 to 80.74 CO2-1 for 0- 20 cm to 40-60 cm soil depth, respectively. Bulk density (BD) was found less in forest soil compared to other lands at all depths, which showed negative correlation with SOC. The study showed a dire need to increase current soil C stocks which can be achieved through improvements in land use and management practices, particularly through conservation and restoration of degraded forests and soils.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v14i2.10422   Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 14, No. 2 (2013) 103-108

scholarly journals Variation in Soil Organic Carbon under Different Forest Types in Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park, Nepal

Scientifica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jun Shapkota ◽  
Gandhiv Kafle
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
National Park ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Soc Stock ◽  
Chir Pine ◽  
Level Of Significance

Understanding distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) in soil profile is important for assessing soil fertility and SOC stock because it varies with soils of different vegetation and land use types. In this context, the objective of this research is that it was conducted to determine key variance in the SOC stock in three different soil layers, 0–20 cm, 20–40 cm, and 40–60 cm of different vegetation covers of Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park of Kathmandu district, Nepal. Overall field measurement was based on standard national methods. We used the dichromate digestion method to analyse SOC concentrations. The highest SOC concentration (%) was recorded as 4.87% in 0–20 cm of oak forest and lowest 0.42% in 40–60 cm of Chir pine forest. Forest types (oak, upper mixed hardwood, lower mixed hardwood, and Chir pine) had SOC stock 149.62, 104.47, 62.5, and 50.85 t/ha, respectively, up to 60 cm depth. However, these values are significantly different ( p = 0.02 ) at 5% level of significance when comparing means between the forest types. The SOC stock was decreased with increased soil depth, though not significantly different at 5% level of significance. Further study with respect to different climate, soil, forest, and land use type is recommended.

scholarly journals Local-Scale Spatial Variability of Soil Organic Carbon and its Stock in the Hilly Area of the Loess Plateau, China

2010 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yafeng Wang ◽  
Bojie Fu ◽  
Yihe Lü ◽  
Chengjun Song ◽  
Yong Luan
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Loess Area ◽  
Soc Stock ◽  
Soc Density

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is one of the key components for assessing soil quality. Meanwhile, the changes in the stocks SOC may have large potential impact on global climate. It is increasingly important to estimate the SOC stock precisely and to investigate its variability. In this study, Yangjuangou watershed was selected to investigate the SOC distribution under different land uses. We found that SOC concentration decreased with increasing soil depth under all land uses and was significantly different across the vertical soil profile (P < 0.01). However, considering effect of land use on SOC, it is only significant (P < 0.01) in the topsoil (0–5 cm) layer. This indicated that land use has a large effect on the stocks of SOC in the surface soil. The stratification ratio of SOC > 1.2 may mean that soil quality is improving. The order of the SOC density (0–30 cm) under different land uses is forestland > orchard land > grassland > immature forestland > terraced cropland. The SOC stock is found to be as large as 2.67 × 10 t (0–30 cm) in this watershed. Considering time effect of restoration, the slope cropland just abandoned is more efficient for SOC accumulation than trees planted in the semi-arid hilly loess area.

Soil organic carbon stocks in southeast Germany (Bavaria) as affected by land use, soil type and sampling depth

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 2233-2245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Wiesmeier ◽  
Peter Spörlein ◽  
Uwe Geuß ◽  
Edzard Hangen ◽  
Stephan Haug ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Sampling Depth ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon Stocks

Soil organic carbon dynamics 75 years after land-use change in perennial grassland and annual wheat agricultural systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 120 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 37-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua W. Beniston ◽  
S. Tianna DuPont ◽  
Jerry D. Glover ◽  
Rattan Lal ◽  
Jennifer A. J. Dungait
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Dynamics ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Perennial Grassland ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics

scholarly journals Soil Organic Carbon Depletion from Forests to Grasslands Conversion in Mexico: A Review

Agriculture ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deb Aryal ◽  
Danilo Morales Ruiz ◽  
César Tondopó Marroquín ◽  
René Pinto Ruiz ◽  
Francisco Guevara Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Native Forests ◽  
Soc Stocks

Land use change from forests to grazing lands is one of the important sources of greenhouse gas emissions in many parts of the tropics. The objective of this study was to analyze the extent of soil organic carbon (SOC) loss from the conversion of native forests to pasturelands in Mexico. We analyzed 66 sets of published research data with simultaneous measurements of soil organic carbon stocks between native forests and pasturelands in Mexico. We used a generalized linear mixed effect model to evaluate the effect of land use change (forest versus pasture), soil depth, and original native forest types. The model showed that there was a significant reduction in SOC stocks due to the conversion of native forests to pasturelands. The median loss of SOC ranged from 31.6% to 52.0% depending upon the soil depth. The highest loss was observed in tropical mangrove forests followed by highland tropical forests and humid tropical forests. Higher loss was detected in upper soil horizon (0–30 cm) compared to deeper horizons. The emissions of CO2 from SOC loss ranged from 46.7 to 165.5 Mg CO2 eq. ha−1 depending upon the type of original native forests. In this paper, we also discuss the effect that agroforestry practices such as silvopastoral arrangements and other management practices like rotational grazing, soil erosion control, and soil nutrient management can have in enhancing SOC stocks in tropical grasslands. The results on the degree of carbon loss can have strong implications in adopting appropriate management decisions that recover or retain carbon stocks in biomass and soils of tropical livestock production systems.

The chemical and physical stability soil organic carbon in the top 1 m of the soil profile under different land uses in the UK

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dedy Antony ◽  
Jo Clark ◽  
Chris Collins ◽  
Tom Sizmur
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Total N

&lt;p&gt;Soils are the largest terrestrial pool of organic carbon and it is now known that as much as 50% of soil organic carbon (SOC) can be stored below 30 cm. Therefore, knowledge of the mechanisms by which soil organic carbon is stabilised at depth and how land use affects this is important.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This study aimed to characterise topsoil and subsoil SOC and other soil properties under different land uses to determine the SOC stabilisation mechanisms and the degree to which SOC is vulnerable to decomposition. Samples were collected under three different land uses: arable, grassland and deciduous woodland on a silty-clay loam soil and analysed for TOC, pH, C/N ratio and texture down the first one metre of the soil profile. Soil organic matter (SOM) physical fractionation and the extent of fresh mineral surfaces were also analysed to elucidate SOM stabilisation processes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Results showed that soil texture was similar among land uses and tended to become more fine down the soil profile, but pH did not significantly change with soil depth. Total C, total N and C/N ratio decreased down the soil profile and were affected by land use in the order woodland &gt; grassland &gt; arable. SOM fractionation revealed that the free particulate organic matter (fPOM) fraction was significantly greater in both the topsoil and subsoil under woodland than under grassland or arable. The mineral associated OC (MinOC) fraction was proportionally greater in the subsoil compared to topsoil under all land uses: arable &gt; grassland &gt; woodland. Clay, Fe and Mn availability play a significant role (R&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;=0.87) in organic carbon storage in the top 1 m of the soil profile.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;It is evidently clear from the findings that land use change has a significant effect on the dynamics of the SOC pool at depth, related to litter inputs to the system.&lt;/p&gt;

Soil organic carbon in cropping and pasture systems of Victoria, Australia

Soil Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Robertson ◽  
Doug Crawford ◽  
Debra Partington ◽  
Ivanah Oliver ◽  
David Rees ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Soc Stock

Increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) storage in agricultural soils through changes to management may help to mitigate rising greenhouse gas emissions and sustain agricultural productivity and environmental conditions. However, in order to improve assessment of the potential for increasing SOC storage in the agricultural lands of Victoria, Australia, further information is required on current SOC levels and how they are related to environmental conditions, soil properties and agricultural management. Therefore, we measured stocks of SOC at 615 sites in pasture and cropping systems in Victoria, encompassing eight regions, five soil orders and four management classes (continuous cropping, crop–pasture rotation, sheep or beef pasture, and dairy pasture), and explored relationships between the C stocks and environment, soil and management. The results showed an extremely wide range in SOC, from 2 to 239 t C/ha (0–30 cm). Most of this variation was attributable to climate; almost 80% of the variation in SOC stock was related to annual rainfall or vapour pressure deficit (i.e. humidity). Texture-related soil properties accounted for a small, additional amount of variation in SOC. After accounting for climate, differences in SOC between management classes were small and often not significant. Management practices such as stubble retention, minimum cultivation, perennial pasture species, rotational grazing and fertiliser inputs were not significantly related to SOC stock. The relationships between SOC and environment, soil and management were scale-dependent. Within individual regions, the apparent influence of climate and soil properties on SOC stock varied, and in some regions, much of the variation in SOC stock remained unexplained. The results suggest that, across Victoria, there is a general hierarchy of influence on SOC stock: climate > soil properties > management class > management practices.

Land use and management influences on surface soil organic carbon in Tasmania

Soil Research ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 615 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Cotching ◽  
G. Oliver ◽  
M. Downie ◽  
R. Corkrey ◽  
R. B. Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Carbon Accounting ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Texture Contrast

The effects of environmental parameters, land-use history, and management practices on soil organic carbon (SOC) concentrations, nitrogen, and bulk density were determined in agricultural soils of four soil types in Tasmania. The sites sampled were Dermosols, Vertosols, Ferrosols, and a group of texture-contrast soils (Chromosol and Sodosol) each with a 10-year management history ranging from permanent perennial pasture to continuous cropping. Rainfall, Soil Order, and land use were all strong explanatory variables for differences in SOC, soil carbon stock, total nitrogen, and bulk density. Cropping sites had 29–35% less SOC in surface soils (0–0.1 m) than pasture sites as well as greater bulk densities. Clay-rich soils contained the greatest carbon stocks to 0.3 m depth under pasture, with Ferrosols containing a mean of 158 Mg C ha–1, Vertosols 112 Mg C ha–1, and Dermosols 107 Mg C ha–1. Texture-contrast soils with sandier textured topsoils under pasture had a mean of 69 Mg C ha–1. The range of values in soil carbon stocks indicates considerable uncertainty in baseline values for use in soil carbon accounting. Farmers can influence SOC more by their choice of land use than their day-to-day soil management. Although the influence of management is not as great as other inherent site variables, farmers can still select practices for their ability to retain more SOC.

Spatial variability of soil organic carbon in a typical watershed in the source area of the middle Dan River, China

Soil Research ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo-Ce Xu ◽  
Zhan-Bin Li ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
Ke-Xin Lu ◽  
Yun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Land Use Types

Soil organic carbon (SOC) plays an important role in maintaining and improving soil fertility and quality, in addition to mitigating climate change. Understanding SOC spatial variability is fundamental for describing soil resources and predicting SOC. In this study, SOC content and SOC mass were estimated based on a soil survey of a small watershed in the Dan River, China. The spatial heterogeneity of SOC distribution and the impacts of land-use types, elevation, slope, and aspect on SOC were also assessed. Field sampling was carried out based on a 100 m by 100 m grid system overlaid on the topographic map of the study area, and samples were collected in three soil layers to a depth of 40 cm. In total, 222 sites were sampled and 629 soil samples were collected. The results showed that classical kriging could successfully interpolate SOC content in the watershed. Contents of SOC showed strong spatial heterogeneity based on the values of the coefficient of variation and the nugget ratio, and this was attributed largely to the type of land use. The range of the semi-variograms increased with increasing soil depth. The SOC content in the soil profile decreased as soil depth increased, and there were significant (P < 0.01) differences among the three soil layers. Land use had a great impact on the SOC content. ANOVA indicated that the spatial variation of SOC contents under different land use types was significant (P < 0.05). The SOC mass of different land-use types followed the order grassland > forestland > cropland. Mean SOC masses of grassland, forestland, and cropland at a depth of 0–40 cm were 5.87, 5.61, and 5.07 kg m–2, respectively. The spatial variation of SOC masses under different land-use types was significant (P < 0.05). ANOVA also showed significant (P < 0.05) impact of aspect on SOC mass in soil at 0–40 cm. Soil bulk density played an important role in the assessment of SOC mass. In conclusion, carbon in soils in the source area of the middle Dan River would increase with conversion from agricultural land to forest or grassland.

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