Enrichment, inter-relationship, and fractionation of heavy metals in road-deposited sediments of Sydney, Australia

Soil Research ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thamer Mohammed ◽  
Paripurnanda Loganathan ◽  
Andrew Kinsela ◽  
Saravanamuthu Vigneswaran ◽  
Jayakumar Kandasamy
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Exchangeable Fraction ◽  
Total Concentrations ◽  
Tyre Wear ◽  
Cu And Zn ◽  
Sydney Australia

Urban road-deposited sediments (RDS) are potential sources of heavy metal pollution of both terrestrial and aquatic environments. We determined the heavy metals enrichments, their possible sources, and potential bioavailability and mobility in RDS from nine sites along major motorways of Sydney, the largest city with highest road traffic density in Australia. Mean total concentrations of metals in the RDS decreased in the order: Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu > Cr > Pb > Ni > Cd. The corresponding order in the background soils (minimally contaminated from roads) was: Fe > Mn > Zn ~ Ni > Cu ~ Pb > Cr > Cd. Both the pollution index (PI) and metal enrichment factor (EF), which are comparative measures between contaminated and uncontaminated sites, were highest for Cu and Zn. Inputs of Cu and Zn to RDS were likely to be mainly the result of brake and tyre wear, respectively. Cluster and correlation analyses showed that while the concentrations of these two metals were related in the soil, they were not correlated in RDS. Low PI and EF values as well as the close inter-relationships of Fe, Mn, Cr, and Ni in both RDS and soils suggest that these metals were derived mainly from natural sources. Metal fractionation data showed 50–95% of Cr and Fe in RDS to be present in the immobile and bio-unavailable residual fraction, whereas 15–65% of Zn was contained in the exchangeable fraction, which is considered to be mobile and bioavailable.

scholarly journals Urban soil assessment caused by heavy metals contamination in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 851 (1) ◽  
pp. 012026
Author(s):  
A T Sekarningsih ◽  
W Budianta ◽  
I W Warmada ◽  
H Hinode
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
City Center ◽  
Urban City ◽  
Heavy Metals Contamination ◽  
The City ◽  
Cu And Zn ◽  
Yogyakarta City

Abstract The effect of urbanization and industrialization in the urban city is soil contamination by heavy metals. This study was conducted to assess Pb, Cu, Zn, and Cd, in the soil of Yogyakarta city and its surrounding, Indonesia. The assessment was done by analyzing 45 surface soil samples in the study area, divided into three-zone. They are divided based on the distance of each zone to the center of the city. The zone III is located in the outermost of the study area, and zone I is inside the city. The results of the study showed that generally, the highest concentration of metals was located in zone I, which is located near or directly situated in a city center. The result indicated that Pb and Cd had the highest pollution index compared to Cu and Zn. The pollition load indeks (PLI) and geoaccumulation indeks (Igeo) calculations in the whole study area showed that the values demonstrated a moderate class in average. Special attention was needed to be given to the zone I, which has a higher PLI and Igeo index to reduce the source of emission for Pb and Cd.

Fractionation of Trace Metals between Catchment Soils and Associated Wetland Sediments of Selected Wetlands of Lake Victoria, East Africa

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonia Henry ◽  
Elijah Omutange
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Lake Victoria ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Lake Victoria Basin ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Exchangeable Fraction ◽  
Total Concentrations

The aim of this work was to study the trace metals transfer between soil aquifers and the immediate sediments of the selected wetlands of Lake Victoria. The study covered five trace metals Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn and Mn as these are associated with vehicular traffic and with the combustion of fossil fuels which could both be significant sources of pollution within the wetlands of Lake Victoria basin. Three types of trace metal analyses from various locations of Katonga, Simiyu and Nyando catchments of Lake Victoria were performed: total concentrations, the concentrations in the non-residual fraction and the concentration in the exchangeable fraction. The soil characteristics: texture, pH and organic matter contents, were studied in relation to Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) to assess the rate of movement of the metals between the soil and the wetland sediments. Eventually, the potential retention and leaching capacity of trace metals within the catchment soils and its possible impact on the composition of the receiving sediments of the wetlands were studied. The comparison between Nyando and Simiyu wetlands showed high variations in the soil characteristics and hence in leaching capacity of the studied metals. In general most areas in Nyando wetland required some measures to improve the CEC of the soil for higher agricultural productivity. Key Words: Trace metals; fractionation; CEC; leaching capacity; soil properties DOI: 10.3126/jowe.v3i0.2222 Journal of Wetlands Ecology, (2009) Vol. 3, pp 68-76

scholarly journals Accumulation, risk assessment and source apportionment of heavy metals in protected cultivation soil, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weihong Lu ◽  
Juan Liu ◽  
Naiming Zhang ◽  
Kangwei Hao ◽  
Hong Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Protected Cultivation ◽  
Agricultural Materials ◽  
Cu And Zn

The problem of soil heavy metals (HMs) accumulation from protected cultivation (PC) needs an urgent solution. 132 soil samples from typically high-density PC areas were analyzed for accumulation, risk, and sources of 8 HMs in 16 cities of 8 provinces, China. The soil HMs accumulation characteristics were prominent; Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, As over-standard (GB 15618-2016) rates reached 15.2, 4.5, 3.0, 27.3, and 2.3%, respectively. The single-factor pollution index indicates that Cd reached slightly contaminated levels in the whole area, while Cu was at a slightly contaminated level only in Yunnan Province. The Nemeiro comprehensive pollution index and the comprehensive quality index suggested that HMs accumulation were at the slightly contaminated levels, with Yunnan province being the most affected and Henan followed. Cu and Zn accumulations are mainly related to frequent input of organic fertilizer, especially livestock manure’s direct return to the field. Therefore, Cu and Zn showed a strong correlation (P＜0.01) with soil organic material (SOM), and their available amounts linearly correlated with the extension of planting years in PC. On the contrary, Pb and Cd amounts are only related (P＜0.01) to soil texture, and their main sources are related to the parent material of soil formation. Moreover, their available amounts did not correlate with the planting years. Our results suggest that long-term and unreasonable PC may lead to soil HMs accumulation. Therefore, appropriate agricultural materials, planting systems, and fertilization methods must be used to effectively avoid the risk of excessive HMs accumulation in the PC soils.

scholarly journals Chemical Speciation and Potential Mobility of some Metals of Selected Farmland in Kogi State, North Central Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
J.E. Emurotu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Metal Speciation ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
North Central ◽  
Mn Oxide ◽  
Exchangeable Fraction ◽  
Potential Mobility

The contamination of agricultural soils with heavy metals is of concern because if the soil is contaminated, the metals can be transferred to food crops. The availability of these metals to food crops depends on the forms in which they are present in the soils. In this study, sequential extraction technique was applied to assess the exchangeable, carbonate-bound, Fe-Mn oxide bound, organic bound and residual fractions in the topsoil of farmlands in Kogi State, North Central Nigeria. Proportions in non-residual soil phases were 82.6 % Cd, 48.6 % Co, 72.5 % Cu, 73.2 % Ni, 41.9 % Pb, and 84.3 % Zn. Lead (Pb) and cobalt (Co) showed the highest phase of 58.1% and 51.4 %, respectively in the residual phase. The low concentration of lead in the non-residual fraction (41.9 %) and the highly mobileexchangeable phase and pH sensitive carbonate phase is an indication that there is no increase in anthropogenic input of Pb into the environment. Cadmium, zinc and nickel are most abundant in exchangeable fraction and this can be of concern especially cadmium. Keywords: Heavy metals, Metal speciation, Farmlands, Food crops, Metal uptake

scholarly journals Bioavailability and Assessment of Metal Contamination in Surface Sediments of Rades-Hamam Lif Coast, around Meliane River (Gulf of Tunis, Tunisia, Mediterranean Sea)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rim Ben Amor ◽  
Asma Yahyaoui ◽  
Myriam Abidi ◽  
Lasaad Chouba ◽  
Moncef Gueddari
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Gulf Of Tunis ◽  
Exchangeable Fraction ◽  
Geochemical Indices ◽  
Low Toxicity

The total concentration and the speciation of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni, and Cr) in surface sediments of Rades-Hamam Lif coast were determined, with particular focus on the effect that urban and industrial waste in the Meliane river has on the estuary and coastal surface sediments of the Rades-Hamam Lif coast, off the Mediterranean Sea. Several geochemical indices were applied to assess the risk of contamination and the environmental risks of heavy metals on surface sediments. The total concentrations of these heavy metals are influenced by runoff, industrial, and urban wastewater. The Cd, Pb, Zn, and Ni are affected by anthropogenic sources, especially at the mouth of the Meliane river. The sequential extraction of Cd was presented dominantly in the exchangeable fraction and thus the high potential bioavailability. In contrast, Cr and Cu were mostly bound to the residual fraction indicating their low toxicity and bioavailability. The order of migration and transformation sequence was Cd > Pb > Ni > Zn > Cr > Cu, and the degree of pollution was Cd > Pb > Ni > Zn > Cr > Cu.

Vertical distribution and speciation of heavy metals in stormwater infiltration facilities: possible heavy metals release to groundwater

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Aryal ◽  
H. Furumai ◽  
F. Nakajima ◽  
M. A. Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Road Dust ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Future Possibility ◽  
The Road ◽  
Speciation Study ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Exchangeable Fraction ◽  
Stormwater Infiltration ◽  
Underlying Soil

The infiltration inlet facilities on the side of the road along with the sewage system have been constructed two decades ago in highly urbanized residential area in Tokyo. Possible release of heavy metals from the infiltration inlet was studied by analyzing sediment samples in different vertical depth. Seven heavy metals (Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb) were measured. The heavy metal contents in sediment decreased with depth. The low content of heavy metals at the bottom sediment compared to the top indicated possible release of heavy metals from the inlet sediment. The heavy metals speciation study showed that the order of the extractability/mobility in the sediment in acid exchangeable fraction was Zn and Mn>Co>Ni>Cu >Cr and Pb. The mobility order in road dust also followed the similar pattern. In reducible fraction (metal oxide bound) Pb was the most mobile in the sediment while the other metals mobility order was not similar. In oxidizable fraction (organic and sulfide bound) the order was different for the sediment and road dusts. The residual fraction contained 18 to 83% heavy metals. The presence of heavy metals in acid exchangeable, reducible and oxidizable fractions indicated a future possibility of their release to the underlying soil and the groundwater.

scholarly journals Speciation Variation and Bio-Activation of Soil Heavy Metals (Cd and Cr) in Rice-Rape Rotation Lands in Karst Regions

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1364
Author(s):  
Jiachun Zhang ◽  
Guiting Mu ◽  
Zhenming Zhang ◽  
Xianfei Huang ◽  
Hui Fang
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
High Background ◽  
Exchangeable Fraction ◽  
Karst Areas ◽  
Soil Cd

Heavy metals in soil are in a high background state in Karst areas, and agricultural activities will affect the bioactivity of heavy metals. The heavy metal (Cd and Cr) bioactivity and their activation effects in rice-rape rotation lands in Karst areas were studied based on field experiments and laboratory analysis, and the influencing factors of heavy metal activity were analyzed based on the physical and chemical properties of soil. The results suggest that the residual fraction was the largest and the exchangeable fraction was the smallest for both Cr and Cd in rice-rape rotation lands in Karst areas. During the rice-rape rotation process, Cd and Cr tended to be released from the residual fraction and transformed into the other four fractions. The fractions with high bioactivity, including the exchangeable fraction and carbonate fraction, increased to different degrees. Rice-rape rotation could activate the activity of soil Cd and Cr in Karst areas. It is also revealed that the activity of soil Cd and Cr in Karst areas was closely associated with soil pH and electric potential (Eh). In the 0–20 cm soil layer, Cr showed a significant negative correlation with pH (r = −0.69, p < 0.05), while both Cr and Cd showed significant negative correlations with Eh, and the correlation coefficients were −0.85 (p < 0.01) and −0.83 (p < 0.01), respectively. In the 20–40 cm soil layer, Cr showed significant negative correlations with Eh, and the correlation coefficient was −0.95 (p < 0.01). No significant correlation between the activity of soil Cd and Cr and soil mechanical composition was observed. This study revealed that special attention should be paid to changes in pH and Eh in consideration of heavy metal activity in the rice-rape rotation process.

scholarly journals Assessment of health risks from consumption of food crops fumigated with metal based pesticides in Gwadam, Gombe State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-110
Author(s):  
U. Bawa ◽  
A. Ahmad ◽  
J.N. Ahmad ◽  
A.G. Ezra
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Cu And Zn

Intensive use of agrochemicals has led to build of heavy metals in the soil ecosystem and their transfer to edible parts of crops. This study was aimed to determine the heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu and Zn) concentrations in some twenty commonly used pesticides in northern Nigeria, and health risk associated from the consumption of food crops fumigated with these pesticides as the only source of metal contamination. Heavy metals content in pesticides, food crops and soils were analyzed after acid digestion using atomic absorption spectrometry. Traces of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu and Zn) were detected in most of the pesticides. The concentrations of heavy metals in crops fumigated with pesticides ranged from 0.33-4.68, 1.75-38.08, 0.67-16.83, 9.01-436.75, 0.17-20.80mg/kg for Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, and Zn respectively. The mean concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Cr in all the crops were above WHO, (2019) permissible limit. Heavy metals in soils of corresponding crops were below the permissible limits by UNEP, (2013) and NESREA, (2011). Bioaccumulation factor BAF showed high BAF>1 for Cu and Pb in all the studied crops,while pollution index value revealed contamination for Cd and Pb in all the studied crops. Hazard quotient showed potential health risk from the consumption of only Capsicumannuum for Pb. However, consumers may experience advance health risk through the consumption of Oryza sativa, Zea mays, Solanumlycopersicum, Capsicumfrustescens for all metals (Hazard index). Hence, there is the need for screening of heavy metals in pesticides and monitoring of metals contents in food crops.

scholarly journals The Variation of Heavy Metals Bioavailability in Sediments of Liujiang River Basin, SW China Associated to Their Speciations and Environmental Fluctuations, a Field Study in Typical Karstic River

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 3986
Author(s):  
Yupei Hao ◽  
Xiongyi Miao ◽  
Hongwei Liu ◽  
Dan Miao
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Residual Phase ◽  
Exposure Limit ◽  
Exchangeable Fraction ◽  
Environmental Fluctuations ◽  
Environmental Variations ◽  
Heavy Metals Bioavailability

The bioavailability of heavy metals (HMs) in sediments is closely related to the security of the aquatic environment, but their impacts are poorly researched, particularly in karstic rivers. Therefore, Liujiang River Basin was taken as an example in this study. Seven HMs were analyzed to determine the bioavailability and speciations of HMs in sediments. Moreover, the impacts of environmental factors on HMs were identified. The obtained results suggested that HMs in the sediments are all within their permissible exposure limit (PEL), but Cd and Zn are significantly higher than the soil baseline. Most HMs were found to be in a residual fraction, while their exchangeable fraction was found to be in an extremely low ratio. HMs in bioavailable parts are significantly higher than in the exchangeable and carbonate-bound phases but lower than in the non-residual phase, which demonstrated that HM bioavailability is not confined to the exchangeable and carbonate-bound phases. The correlation coefficients commonly decreased with decreasing speciation ratios, which suggested that the overall bioavailability of metals should be determined by speciation ratios instead of speciations themselves. Noteworthily, most HMs in the residual form were found to be significantly correlated with their overall bioavailability, which highlighted the potential bioavailability of residual form. The non-correlations between pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), and HM bioavailability suggested that HMs in the carbonate-bound phase are stable and unsusceptible to environmental variations, while the significant correlations between redox potential (Eh), turbidity, organic matter (OM), main grain size (Mz), and HM bioavailability suggested that HMs in the reducible and oxidizable forms are susceptible to environmental fluctuations. Therefore, the variation of HM bioavailability in karstic rivers is largely regulated by their reducible and oxidizable forms instead of their carbonate-bound form.

scholarly journals Assessment Of Labile Metals In Effluents From Lubricating Oil Company In Osogbo Osun State, Nigeria

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 675-690
Author(s):  
A.O Adeniji ◽  
I.O. Olabanji ◽  
E.A. Oluyemi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Mn Oxide ◽  
Exchangeable Fraction ◽  
Oil Company

Effluent and sediment samples were collected on seasonal basis, comprising of three months (August to October) in the wet season and three months (December to February) in the dry season from five points around a lubricating oil company in Osogbo - Nigeria. The sequential extraction method was used to respectively fractionate the sediment and effluent samples, then analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) to determine concentrations of five heavy metals: Mn, Ni Co, Cd and Pb. Results showed that in wet season, higher concentration of Mn was found in exchangeable fraction, Ni  and Pb were more pronounced in carbonate bound fraction, Cd in Fe-Mn oxide fraction, while Co was more in residual fraction. In dry season, Pb was more concentrated in exchangeable fraction, Coin residual fraction, Mn in Fe-Mn oxide fraction, Cd in organic matter bound, while Ni was more concentrated in the carbonate fraction. In both seasons for sediment samples, Cd concentrations were found above the set limit by WHO. The speciation study of the effluent showed that, Mn, Co and Ni concentration were found more in Organic substances fraction in both seasons, Pb was more concentrated in free metal ion fraction in wet season while it was high in organic fraction in the dry season. Concentrations of all metals in the effluent samples in both seasons were above the maximum permissible limit for effluent. The high mobility factors of heavy metals in the sediment indicated that the metals were labile and bioavailable thereby making the soil and the living organisms vulnerable to possibility of high heavy metal bioaccumulation.Key Words: Heavy Metals, Speciation, Effluents, Sediment

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