Metal bioavailability dynamics during a two-year trial using ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) grown in soils treated with biosolids and metal salts

Soil Research ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Black ◽  
Ronald G. McLaren ◽  
Suzanne M. Reichman ◽  
Thomas W. Speir ◽  
Leo M. Condron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Metal Salts ◽  
Metal Bioavailability ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Lysimeter Experiment ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Free Ion ◽  
Ion Activity ◽  
Soil Metal

A 24-month field lysimeter experiment using ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) grown in three soil types was used to investigate metal bioavailability dynamics following amendment with biosolids and metal salts (Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn). Common surrogates of soil metal bioavailability (total soil metal, EDTA, Ca(NO3)2, total dissolved, diffusive gradient in thin film, and modelled free ion activity) were determined on soil samples taken every 6 months. Ryegrass was also harvested every 6 months and analysed for metal concentrations. Across soils and treatments dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and pH decreased, whereas dissolved Ca and Mg increased with time. The free ion activity concentrations of each metal also increased over 24 months, whereas Ca(NO3)2-extracted metals were unchanged. Zinc presented the most changes in bioavailability status, with total Zn concentration decreasing over time, and EDTA-extractable and soil solution Zn increasing significantly by 1.82 mg kg–1 (1.1%) and 1.52 mg L–1 (29%), respectively. Shoot concentration of Zn increased by 1.32 mg kg–1 (2.7%), whereas shoot Ni concentration decreased by 0.65 mg kg–1 (4%). The findings of this study clearly demonstrated that over 24 months, soil metal bioavailability and shoot metal concentrations register only minor changes and appear to be unaffected by soil DOC and pH fluctuations.

Evaluating a ‘Free Ion Activity Model’ applied to metal uptake by Lolium perenne L. grown in contaminated soils.

2005 ◽  
Vol 270 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Hough ◽  
A. M. Tye ◽  
N. M. J. Crout ◽  
S. P. McGrath ◽  
H. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Metal Uptake ◽  
Activity Model ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Free Ion Activity Model ◽  
Free Ion ◽  
Ion Activity

scholarly journals When are metal complexes bioavailable?

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Mei Zhao ◽  
Peter G.C. Campbell ◽  
Kevin J. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Metal Complexes ◽  
Biotic Ligand Model ◽  
Metal Bioavailability ◽  
Biotic Ligand ◽  
Free Ion ◽  
Ion Activity ◽  
Classical Models ◽  
Kinetic Processes ◽  
Free Metal ◽  
Ligand Model

Environmental contextThe concentration of a free metal cation has proved to be a useful predictor of metal bioaccumulation and toxicity, as represented by the free ion activity and biotic ligand models. However, under certain circumstances, metal complexes have been shown to contribute to metal bioavailability. In the current mini-review, we summarise the studies where the classic models fail and organise them into categories based on the different uptake pathways and kinetic processes. Our goal is to define the limits within which currently used models such as the biotic ligand model (BLM) can be applied with confidence, and to identify how these models might be expanded. AbstractNumerous data from studies over the past 30 years have shown that metal uptake and toxicity are often best predicted by the concentrations of free metal cations, which has led to the development of the largely successful free-ion activity model (FIAM) and biotic ligand model (BLM). Nonetheless, some exceptions to these classical models, showing enhanced metal bioavailability in the presence of metal complexes, have also been documented, although it is not yet fully understood to what extent these exceptions can or should be generalised. Only a few studies have specifically measured the bioaccumulation or toxicity of metal complexes while carefully measuring or controlling metal speciation. Fewer still have verified the fundamental assumptions of the classical models, especially when dealing with metal complexes. In the current paper, we have summarised the exceptions to classical models and categorised them into five groups based on the fundamental uptake pathways and kinetic processes. Our aim is to summarise the mechanisms involved in the interaction of metal complexes with organisms and to improve the predictive capability of the classic models when dealing with complexes.

scholarly journals Measuring Soil Metal Bioavailability in Roadside Soils of Different Ages

Environments ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Shamali De Silva ◽  
Trang Huynh ◽  
Andrew S. Ball ◽  
Demidu V. Indrapala ◽  
Suzie M. Reichman
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Control Site ◽  
Roadside Soil ◽  
Metal Bioavailability ◽  
Roadside Soils ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Total Metal ◽  
Soil Metal

Finding a reliable method to predict soil metal bioavailability in aged soil continues to be one of the most important problems in contaminated soil chemistry. To investigate the bioavailability of metals aged in soils, we used roadside soils that had accumulated metals from vehicle emissions over a range of years. We collected topsoil (0–10 cm) samples representing new-, medium- and old-aged roadside soils and control site soil. These soils were studied to compare the ability of the diffusive gradients in thin films technique (DGT), soil water extraction, CaCl2 extraction, total metal concentrations and optimised linear models to predict metal bioavailability in wheat plants. The response time for the release of metals and the effect on metal bioavailability in field aged soils was also studied. The DGT, and extractable metals such as CaCl2 extractable and soil solution metals in soil, were not well correlated with metal concentrations in wheat shoots. In comparison, the strongest relationships with concentrations in wheat shoots were found for Ni and Zn total metal concentrations in soil (e.g., Ni r = 0.750, p = 0.005 and Zn r = 0.833, p = 0.001); the correlations were still low, suggesting that total metal concentrations were also not a robust measure of bioavailability. Optimised linear models incorporating soil physiochemical properties and metal extracts together with road age as measure of exposure time, demonstrated a very strong relationship for Mn R2 = 0.936; Ni R2 = 0.936 and Zn R2 = 0.931. While all the models developed were dependent on total soil metal concentrations, models developed for Mn and Zn clearly demonstrated the effect of road age on metal bioavailability. Therefore, the optimised linear models developed have the potential for robustly predicting bioavailable metal concentrations in field soils where the metals have aged in situ. The intrinsic rate of release of metals increased for Mn (R2 = 0.617, p = 0.002) and decreased for Cd (R2 = 0.456, p = 0.096), Cu (R2 = 0.560, p = 0.083) and Zn (R2 =0.578, p = 0.072). Nickel did not show any relationship between dissociation time (Tc) and road age. Roadside soil pH was likely to be the key parameter controlling metal aging in roadside soil.

Effect of bacterial fertilizers on the properties of a pseudomyceliar chernozem soil and on the biomass of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Jakab ◽  
János Kátai ◽  
Magdolna Tállai ◽  
Andrea Balláné Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Chernozem Soil ◽  
Lolium Perenne L

A tenyészedényes kísérletünket a DE AGTC MÉK Agrokémiai és Talajtani Intézet tenyészházában állítottuk be 2010. május 27-én. A kísérletben Debrecen-Látókép környékéről származó mészlepedékes csernozjom vályogtalajt alkalmaztunk, amely az alábbi jellemzőkkel rendelkezett: KA: 37,5; leiszapolható rész: 51%; pH(KCl): 5,5; pH(H2O): 6,6; Hu%: 2,8; AL-P2O5: 140 mg·kg-1; AL-K2O: 316,3 mg·kg-1. Az adatok alapján a kísérleti talaj gyengén savanyú, vályog kötöttségű, közepes nitrogén- és foszfor-, valamint jó kálium-ellátottsággal rendelkezett. A kísérletben kontroll-, műtrágya-, valamint szalmakezelést alkalmaztunk, melyeket bizonyos kombinációkban három különböző baktériumkészítménnyel (Bactofil A, EM-1, Microbion UNC) egészítettünk ki. A kísérletet három ismétlésben véletlenblokk elrendezésben állítottuk be. A tesztnövény angolperje (Lolium perenneL.) volt. A kísérlet kezdetétől számított 8. héten a talaj-, valamint a növényminták begyűjtésére került sor. Meghatároztuk a növényminták száraztömegét, a növény foszfor- és káliumtartalmát, valamint a talajminták nitrát-, valamint AL-oldható foszfor- és káliumtartalmát. Eredményeink alapján főbb megállapításaink a következők: – Az angolperje száraztömegét a műtrágyakezelés szignifikánsan növelte. A hatás a tápelem-ellátottság javulásával magyarázható. – A növény foszforkoncentrációja a műtrágyázás következtében csökkent, amelyet a hígulási effektussal magyarázhatunk. – A növény káliumkoncentrációját a műtrágya-, valamint a műtrágya+baktériumtrágya kezelések szignifikánsan serkentették. – A talaj nitráttartalma szignifikánsan növekedett a műtrágyakezelés kivételével minden kezelésben. – A talaj AL-P2O5-tartalma az NPK-műtrágyázás és az EM-1 kezelés következtében statisztikailag igazolható mértékben megnövekedett, míg az AL-K2O-tartalom kizárólag a szalmakezelés hatására nőtt. A baktériumkészítmények önmagukban alkalmazva általában nem eredményeztek jelentős változást a vizsgált paraméterekben, azonban a készítmények szerves/ásványi anyagokkal kombinált adagolása esetében különböző mértékben befolyásolták a vizsgált mutatókat.

The effect of biological additives on the composition and nutritive value of silage

1990 ◽  
Vol 1990 ◽  
pp. 139-139
Author(s):  
M Gonzalez Yanez ◽  
R Mcginn ◽  
D H Anderson ◽  
A R Henderson ◽  
P Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Forage Harvester

It Is claimed that the use of the correct enzyme system as an additive on grass silage will satisfactorily control the fermentation and reduce the cell-wall fibre content, thus preserving the nutrients In the silage and aiding their utilisation by the animal (Henderson and McDonald, 1977; Huhtanen et al, 1985; Raurama et al, 1987; Chamberlain and Robertson, 1989; Gordon, 1989;).The aim of the present experiment was to assess the effect of biological additives, enzymes or a combination of enzymes with an Inoculum of lactic acid bacteria, on the composition of silage and on its nutritive value when offered to store lambs as the sole constituent of their diet.On 1st June 1988, first cut perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L) at pre-ear emergence was ensiled direct cut untreated (U), treated with a commercial enzyme (E) or with a commercial inoculum of lactic acid bacteria with enzymes (I) in 6t capacity bunker silos. The grass was cut with a mower and lifted with a New Holland precision chop forage harvester. The additives were pumped onto the grass using a dribble bar sited over the pick-up drum.

scholarly journals Recovery after freezing in Avena sativa L., Lolium perenne L. and L. multiflorum Lam.

1993 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. EAGLES ◽  
J. WILLIAMS ◽  
D. V. LOUIS
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Lolium Perenne L
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