Transformation of phosphorus in highly calcareous soils under field capacity and waterlogged conditions

Soil Research ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 249 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Adhami ◽  
A. Ronaghi ◽  
N. Karimian ◽  
R. Molavi
Keyword(s):  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Waterlogged Condition ◽  
Successive Extraction ◽  
Moisture Regimes

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the transformation of applied inorganic phosphorus (P) in highly calcareous soils under two moisture regimes. The experimental design was a factorial combination of two rates of P (0 and 300 mg P kg–1 as KH2PO4) and two moisture regimes (field capacity, FC; waterlogged, WL) in a completely randomised design in duplicate with 20 surface soil samples. The fractionation sequence of inorganic P included successive extraction with NaHCO3, NH4 acetate buffer (NH4OAc), MgCl2, NH4F, NaOH–Na2CO3 (HC), Na citrate–bicarbonate–dithionite (CBD), and H2SO4 carried out 80 and 160 days after incubation. Recovery of applied P in each fraction was calculated as the difference between samples treated and untreated with P. Results indicated that NaHCO3-P decreased from 80 to 160 days, and the decrement was higher under WL than FC moisture regime. The NH4OAc-P was lower under WL than FC at 160 days, while P associated with free and crystalline Fe and Al oxides (NH4F-P, HC-P, CBD-P) was higher under WL than FC for both incubation periods. Oxalate-, citrate-, and citrate–ascorbate-extractable iron under FC and in conjunction with oxalate- and CBD-extractable aluminium and quinone- and hydroxylamine–hydrochloride-extractable manganese were the most influential factors regulating all P fractions. Results of the present study revealed that transformation of applied P into Al- and Fe-P fractions is not as low as previously reported in highly calcareous soils and that Al- and Fe-P oxides may be important in P transformation of these soils, especially in waterlogged condition.

Relationship between phosphorus fractions and properties of highly calcareous soils

Soil Research ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebrahim Adhami ◽  
Hamid Reza Memarian ◽  
Farzad Rassaei ◽  
Ehsan Mahdavi ◽  
Manouchehr Maftoun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Sequential Fractionation ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Fractionation Procedure ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
P Content

Inorganic phosphorus (P) sequential fractionation schemes are applicable techniques to interpret soil P status. The present study was initiated to determine the origin of various P fractions in highly calcareous soils. Inorganic P forms were determined by a sequential fractionation procedure extracting with NaOH (NaOH-P), Na citrate-bicarbonate (CB-P), Na citrate 2 times (C1-P and C2-P), Na citrate-ascorbate (CAs-P), Na citrate-bicarbonate-dithionite (CBD-P), Na acetate (NaAc-P), and HCl (HCl-P). Results showed that NaOH-P was negatively correlated with active iron oxides. CB-P was positively correlated with silt content and negatively related to citrate-bicarbonate-dithionite extractable Fe (Fed). This result illustrates the weathering effect on Ca-P, with Ca-P content declining as a consequence of weathering. A negative correlation was observed between C1-P and citrate ascorbate extractable Fe (FeCAs). Second citrate extractable P (C2-P) was negatively related to calcium carbonate equivalent and positively related to hydroxylamine-hydrochloride and neutral ammonium acetate-hydroquinone extractable Mn (Mnh and Mnq). Fine silt (Fsilt) was the most influential factor affecting CAs-P. It seemed citrate-dithionite-bicarbonate extractable Al (Ald), Mnh, and Mnq have been sinks for CBD-P, while free iron oxide compounds (Feo, Fec, and FeCAs) were a major contributing factor for the formation of NaAc-P. Stable P compounds (HCl-P) of highly calcareous soils originated from coarse silt (Csilt) and hydroxylamine-hydrochloride extractable Mn (Mnh).

Quality and morphological characteristics of alfalfa as affected by soil moisture, pH and phosphorus fertilization

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène V. Petit ◽  
A. R. Pesant ◽  
G. M. Barnett ◽  
W. N. Mason ◽  
J. L. Dionne
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Available Water ◽  
Soil Moisture Regime ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Moisture Regimes

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. ’Saranac’) was grown in a greenhouse on Ste-Rosalie clay and Danby gravelly sandy loam to determine the effects of phosphorus fertilization, air temperature, soil moisture regime and soil pH on chemical composition and plant morphology. The following treatments were applied in factorial combination: three moisture regimes (1, semi-dry, with soil moisture between field capacity or 100% of available water and wilting point or 0% of available water; 2, optimal, between field capacity and 70% of available water; 3, wet, between saturation point and field capacity), three rates of phosphorus in the form of disodium phosphate (0, 12.5 and 25.0 P kg−1 of dry soil) and three soil pH levels (natural, near 5.4, 6.5 and 7.5). Half the alfalfa was grown in a warm greenhouse section with a minimum daytime temperature of 25 °C and 19 °C at night and the other half was grown in a cool section with a daytime minimum of 15 °C and 9 °C at night. Quality of alfalfa was generally improved by water deficit as shown by decreased concentrations of acid detergent fiber (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) and increased concentrations of crude protein (CP). Cold temperatures decreased ADF content which indicates that quality of alfalfa grown under cold compared to warm temperature regimes is better. Phosphorus fertilization seemed to have more effects on plant morphology and quality under cold than warm temperature regimes. In general, concentrations of CP, ADF and ADL, stem length, leaf area and the number of stems increased in parallel with soil pH. The data indicate that low temperature and low soil moisture regimes were generally associated with higher quality alfalfa than were high temperature and wet soil moisture regimes.Key words: Alfalfa, soil moisture regime, air temperature, phosphorus fertilization, soil pH

scholarly journals Effects of arsenic and moisture regime on nutrient content and their uptake by NERICA rice

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-296
Author(s):  
S Bhattacherjee ◽  
MAH Chowdhury ◽  
MH Rahman ◽  
BK Saha
Keyword(s):  
Field Capacity ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Flood Condition

A pot experiment was carried out in the net house of Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA) to study nutrient content and their uptake by different rice varieties (NERICA-1, NERICA-10 and BRRI dhan48) in response to different levels of arsenic (As) under varying moisture regimes. Three levels of As were added viz. 0, 30, 60 ppm to the pot soil from sodium arsenate (Na2HAsO4. 7H2O). After establishment of crops the moisture level of soil was adjusted to maintain flooded, 50% and 100% field capacity condition during crop growing period. The experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), with three replications. The amount of N, P, K, S and Zn was calculated as per their rate of application and was applied to the individual pot. Higher levels of As adversely affected the nutrient content and their uptake by rice except N contents. Nitrogen content increased with the increase of As level. Higher amount of nutrient content and uptake was recorded in BRRI dhan48 and flood condition enhanced higher nutrient content as well as uptake by rice. This study suggests the possible management of moisture regime and considering less As susceptible variety, which might reduce the toxic effects of As on nutrient uptake.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 12(2): 291-296, December 2014

EFFETS DU pH ET DES REGIMES HYDRIQUES DES SOLS SUR LES RENDEMENTS ET LA TENEUR EN Mn DE LA LUZERNE ET DU LOTIER CULTIVES EN SERRE

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 919-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. DIONNE ◽  
A. R. PESANT
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Manganese Content ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Soil Moisture Regime ◽  
Moisture Regimes

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) were grown under greenhouse conditions, on Ste-Rosalie clay and St-Jude sand adjusted at pH of 5.0, 6.5 and 7.5, in order to determine the effect of soil pH and soil moisture regimes on the yields of the two legumes. Three soil moisture regimes were used: (1) humid (H1), with soil moisture between saturation point and field capacity; (2) optimum (H2), with soil moisture between field capacity and 70% of this value; (3) dry (H3), with soil moisture between 50% of field capacity and wilting point. Under the dry soil moisture regime (H3), birdsfoot trefoil behaved in the same way as did alfalfa. Their drought resistance decreased as the soil pH increased. Dry matter yields were reduced by 61.5% when soils were limed at the pH of 7.5. Under the humid soil moisture regime (H1), the productivity of alfalfa decreased much more than that of birdsfoot trefoil. The effect of excess soil moisture on alfalfa was mostly observed on the unlimed soils. Under these wet and acid soil conditions, alfalfa was intoxicated and suffocated due to high exchangeable manganese content and poor soil aeration. Liming soils to the pH of 7.5 decreased exchangeable Mn in soils to a non-toxic level and alfalfa could then grow well enough to transpire off the excess of soil water. Birdsfoot trefoil was much less influenced by soil acidity and poor drainage than alfalfa was.

scholarly journals Kinetics of zinc transformation in calciorthids soils of western Rajasthan, India

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-126
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar Sharma ◽  
Bhim Singh ◽  
C.K. Arya
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Corning Glass ◽  
Soil Moisture Regime ◽  
Decomposition Of Organic Matter ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Exact Amount

The present study was undertaken to investigate the kinetics of transformation process of applied and native Zn as influenced by soil moisture regime, available moisture and organic matter additions in Aridisols of western Rajasthan. The incubation experiment was conducted with exact amount of the soil samples (250 g), put in a number of small containers, made of corning glass. Three levels of moisture regimes i.e. field capacity (W0), continuous submergence (W1), alternate submergence and saturation (W2) and two levels of organic matter as starch at 0 per cent (M1) and 0.5 per cent (M2) of the soil weight; and two levels of zinc i.e. native (N) and applied (A) (Zn @ 5 mg kg-1 soil as ZnSO4.7 H2O). The soils then incubated for 30, 60 and 90 days. Destructive sampling was done after each incubation period, and then different fractions of Zn were sequentially extracted by different extracting solutions and determined with the help of atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the transformation of Zn is largely controlled by organic matter, moisture regimes and Zn application due to considerable changes in the chemical and electrochemical properties of soil and thereby influence the transformation of zinc. Organic matter application significantly increased Zn fractions due to the retention of Zn on exchange complex owing to producing organic acid by decomposition of organic matter in soil. Further, the results showed that if such condition was maintained in the field, and it increased the availability of Zn for different crops in Aridisols.

EFFETS DES DOSES DE BORE, DES REGIMES HYDRIQUES ET DU pH DES SOLS SUR LES RENDEMENTS DE LA LUZERNE ET DU LOTIER ET SUR L’ASSIMILABILITE DU BORE

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. DIONNE ◽  
A. R. PESANT
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Soil Moisture Regime ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Wilting Point

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv. Vernal) and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L. cv. Leo) were grown under greenhouse conditions in order to determine changes in boron response and availability following variations in soil pH and soil moisture regimes. Three rates of boron applications were selected: 0, 1.5, and 3.0 ppm of B. Soil pH was adjusted to 5.0, 6.5 and 7.5, respectively. The soil moisture regimes were fixed as following: (1) very dry (H1) with soil moisture between 50% of field capacity and wilting point, (2) dry (H2), with soil moisture between field capacity and wilting point. (3) optimum (H3), with soil moisture between field capacity and 70% of this value. Boron fertilization was more useful to alfalfa than to birdsfoot trefoil. Optimum rate was found to be 1.5 ppm of B. On Ste-Rosalie clay, the yield increase due to boron was 22% on soils under the dry regime (H2) but was almost non-existant at the very dry (H1) and optimum water regime (H3). Boron application on Greensboro loam was more efficient on soils undergoing dry (H2) and very dry soil moisture regime (H1) than on soils where moisture conditions were optimum (H3). Dry matter yields were increased by a factor of 10 under dry (H2) and very dry (H1) soil moisture regimes compared to a factor of 4 under optimum soil moisture regime (H3). Under acid soil conditions, no yield increase was obtained following boron applications. Boron availability and response of the two legumes to B was also decreased by overliming soils to pH 7.4. The cyclic drought periods that happened under dry (H2) and very dry (H1) soil moisture regime produced similar effects. Boron availability and efficiency as plant nutrient was greatly reduced, if not annihilated, by the combined effect of repeated drought cycles and by either excessive soil acidity or overliming.

Inorganic Phosphorus Fractionation of Highly Calcareous Soils of Iran

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (13-14) ◽  
pp. 1877-1888 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Adhami ◽  
M. Maftoun ◽  
A. Ronaghi ◽  
N. Karimian ◽  
J. Yasrebi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Fractionation

scholarly journals Characterization and Evaluation of Aerobic Rice Genotypes under Transplanted Condition

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
S Akter ◽  
S Pervin ◽  
KM Iftekharuddaula ◽  
A Akter ◽  
R Yasmeen
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Aerobic Rice ◽  
Moisture Condition ◽  
Aerobic Culture ◽  
Moisture Regimes

Due to over sinking of underground water, scarcity of irrigation water is becoming a threat to the sustainability of irrigated rice production and the concept of aerobic culture appeared prominently. Aerobic rice has the ability to grow under minimum irrigation water and minimum yield reduction occurs when grown under aerobic culture with less water. This experiment aimed to evaluate two advanced aerobic rice lines under transplanted condition in net house. Two advanced lines, IR83140-B-36-B-B and IR83142-B-71-B-B and two check varieties BRRI dhan28 and BRRI dhan29 were grown in three moisture regimes. The moisture regimes included a) continuous standing water (CSW) b) saturated moisture condition (SMC) and c) moisture content at field capacity (FCM). The experimental units, drum containing 110 kg soil, were arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with five replications. Three to four seedlings of forty days were transplanted at the soil surface of each drum. Seedlings were thinned to one plant per genotypes one week after transplanting. Genotype × water interaction showed significant variation in total dry matter production, panicle length, panicle exertion rate, sterility percentage and yield contributing characters. Irrespective of the genotypes, CSW conditions favored to produce maximum number of tiller and panicle. Although BRRI dhan29 gave the highest yield at both CSW and SMC, IR83142-B-71-B-B produced the highest yield at FCM. However, BRRI dhan28 gave similar yield to that of IR83142-B-71-B-B in FCM treated drums.Bangladesh Rice j. 2016, 20(1): 45-50

scholarly journals Soil organic carbon in northern Spain (Galicia, Asturias, Cantabria and País Vasco)

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elías Luis Calvo ◽  
Francisco Casás Sabarís ◽  
Juan Manuel Galiñanes Costa ◽  
Natividad Matilla Mosquera ◽  
Felipe Macías Vázquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Pais Vasco

The soil organic carbon content was analyzed in more than 7 000 soil samples under different land uses, climates and lithologies from northern Spain (Galicia, Asturias, Cantábria y País Vasco). GIS maps (1:50 000) were made of the % SOC and SOC stocks. The % SOC varies according to land use (higher in forest and scrub soils and lower in agricultural soils) and climate, and there is a highly significant correlation between SOC content and mean annual precipitation. There are significant differences between the soils of Galicia/Western Asturias (GA<sub>w</sub>) and those of the rest of the study area (Central and Eastern Asturias, Cantabria and País Vasco) (A<sub>ce</sub>CV), although these are neighbouring regions. In forest and/or scrub soils with a <em>udic</em> soil moisture regime, in GA<sub>w</sub>, the SOC is usually &gt; 7% and the average stocks 260 t ha<sup> -1</sup> (0-30 cm), and &gt;340 t ha<sup>-1</sup> (0-50 cm) in soils with thick organic matter rich horizons (&gt; 40 cm); these values greatly exceed the average contents observed in forest soils from temperate zones. Under similar conditions of vegetation and climate in soils of A<sub>ce</sub>CV the SOC average is 3% and the mean stocks 90-100 t ha<sup>-1</sup> (0-30 cm). The <em>andic</em> character of acid forest soils in GA<sub>w</sub> and the formation of C-Al,Fe complexes are pointed out as the SOC stabilization mechanism, in contrast to the neutral and calcareous soils that predominate in A<sub>ce</sub>CV, where the main species of OC are easily biodegradable.

scholarly journals Soil moisture depletion and ground water use by bed planted barley as influenced by cultivars, crop geometry and moisture regimes

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1465-1468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naveen Kumar ◽  
Suresh Kumar ◽  
Parveen Kumar ◽  
Meena Sewhag
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Rabi Season ◽  
Shallow Water Table ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Crop Geometry ◽  
Plot Design

A field experiment was conducted during rabi season 2011-2012 at Research Farm, CCS Haryana Agri-cultural University, Hisar, Haryana (India) to study the periodic soil moisture depletion and ground water use by bed planted barley as influenced by cultivars, crop geometry and moisture regimes under shallow water table conditions. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications keeping combinations of three cultivars viz., BH 393, BH 902 and BH 885 and two crop geometries viz 2 rows per bed and 3 rows per bed (70 cm wide with 40 cm top and 30 cm furrow) in main plots and three moisture regimes (irrigation at IW/CPE 0.3, 0.4 & 0.5) in sub plots. The results revealed that maximum soil moisture depletion (105 mm) and ground water contribution (62 mm) were recorded in BH 902, followed by BH 393 and BH 885. Among crop geometries, soil moisture depletion (96.6 mm) and ground water contribution (61 mm) were recorded higher in 3 rows per bed than 2 rows per bed. Among three moisture regimes, the soil moisture depletion (108 mm) and ground water contribution (65 mm) decreased with increase in moisture regime from irrigation at IW/CPE 0.3 to irrigation at IW/CPE 0.4 or 0.5.

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