Field-scale verification of nitrous oxide emission reduction with DCD in dairy-grazed pasture using measurements and modelling

Soil Research ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna L. Giltrap ◽  
Surinder Saggar ◽  
Jagrati Singh ◽  
Mike Harvey ◽  
Andrew McMillan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Sampling Error ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
Dndc Model ◽  
Input Parameters

Nitrous oxide (N2O) from agricultural soils is a major source of greenhouse gas emissions in New Zealand. Nitrification inhibitors are seen as a potential technology to reduce these N2O emissions from agricultural soils. In previous studies on the effect of dicyandiamide (DCD) on N2O emissions from animal excreta, DCD was directly applied to urine. However, farmers apply DCD to grazed pastures shortly before or after grazing rather than applying it specifically to the urine patches. Accordingly, the objectives of this study were: (1) to test, using chamber measurements, whether the same level of N2O reduction is achieved under grazed conditions where excretal N is non-uniformly deposited, (2) to apply the process-based NZ-DNDC model to simulate the effect of DCD on emission reductions, and (3) to perform a sensitivity analysis on the NZ-DNDC model to investigate how uncertainties in the input parameters affect the modelled N2O emissions. Two circular 1260-m2 treatment plots were grazed simultaneously for 5 h, by 20 cattle on each plot. The following day, DCD was applied in 800 L of water to one of the plots at 10 kg/ha and N2O emissions were measured periodically for 20 days. The cumulative N2O emissions were 220 ± 90 and 110 ± 20 g N2O-N/ha for the untreated and DCD-treated plots, respectively (based on the arithmetic mean and standard error of the chambers). This suggests a reduction in N2O emission from DCD application of ~50 ± 40% from a single grazing event. However, this result should be treated with caution because the possibility of sampling error due to the chamber distribution cannot be excluded. NZ-DNDC simulated N2O emissions of 169 and 68 g N2O-N/ha for the untreated and DCD-treated areas, respectively, corresponding to a reduction of 60% in N2O emissions from DCD application. This level of reduction is consistent with that found in experiments with individual urine patches. N2O emissions found through use of NZ-DNDC were sensitive to uncertainties in the input parameters. The combined effect of varying the initial soil NO3– and NH4+, soil moisture, soil organic carbon, bulk density, clay content, pH, and water-filled pore-space at field capacity inputs within plausible ranges was to change the simulated N2O emissions by –87% to +150%.

Nitrous oxide emission from agricultural soils in response to nitrification inhibitor and N-fertilizer amount

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azeem Tariq ◽  
Klaus Steenberg Larsen ◽  
Line Vinther Hansen ◽  
Lars Stoumann Jensen ◽  
Sander Bruun
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
Rain Events ◽  
Spring Rape

<p>Nitrogen (N) fertilization in agricultural soils significantly contributes to the atmospheric increase of nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O). Application of nitrification inhibitors (NIs) is a promising strategy to mitigate N<sub>2</sub>O emissions and improve N use efficiency in agricultural systems. We studied the effect of 3,4-dimethylpyrazol phosphate (DMPP) as an NI on N<sub>2</sub>O mitigation from soils with spring barley and spring rape. We used both manual and automatic chamber technologies to capture the spatial and temporal dynamics of N<sub>2</sub>O emissions. Intensive manual chamber measurements were conducted two months after fertilization and fortnightly afterwards. A mini-plot experiment with different levels (0 %, 50 %, 100 %, 150 %, and 200 %) of standard N fertilizer application and 100% N with NI was also conducted for two months in soil planted with spring barley. N<sub>2</sub>O emissions were affected by the N amount and by the use of NI. Higher emissions were observed in treatments with high N levels and without NI. The effect of NI in reducing N<sub>2</sub>O emissions from spring barley plots was significant in the small chamber experiments, where NI reduced N<sub>2</sub>O emissions by 47 % in the first two months after fertilization. However, the effect of NI on N<sub>2</sub>O reduction was non-significant in the full-plot chamber experiment for the whole season. In contrast, NI significantly reduced (56 %) the seasonal N<sub>2</sub>O emissions from the soils planted with spring rape. After the initial peaks following the fertilizer application, high N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes were observed following substantial rain events. The continuous flux measurements in automated chambers showed the dynamic of N<sub>2</sub>O changes during the whole season, including some peaks that were unobservable with manual chambers because of the low temporal resolution. The concentration of nitrate was higher in the soils treated with mineral N without NI compared to soils treated with NI, which clearly showed the inhibition of the nitrification process with the application of NI. The grain and biomass yield were not affected by the use of NI. In conclusion, application of NI is an efficient mitigation technology for N2O emissions in the period following the fertilizer application, but had little effect on subsequent emissions following rain events.</p><p>Keywords: nitrification inhibitors, DMPP, nitrous oxide, mitigation, agricultural soils</p>

scholarly journals Evaluation of the DNDC Model to Estimate Soil Parameters, Crop Yield and Nitrous Oxide Emissions for Alternative Long-Term Multi-Cropping Systems in the North China Plain

Agronomy ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Mohamed Abdalla ◽  
Xiaotong Song ◽  
Xiaotang Ju ◽  
Pete Smith
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Dndc Model

Optimizing crop rotations is one of the proposed sustainable management strategies for increasing carbon sequestration. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the DeNitrification-DeComposition (DNDC) model for estimating soil parameters (temperature, moisture and exchangeable NO3− and NH4+), crop yield and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions for long-term multi-cropping systems in Hebei, China. The model was validated using five years of data of soil parameters, crop yields and N2O emissions. The DNDC model effectively simulated daily soil temperature, cumulative soil nitrogen and crop yields of all crops. It predicted the trends of observed daily N2O emissions and their cumulative values well but overestimated the magnitude of some peaks. However, the model underestimated daily water filled pore space, especially in dry seasons, and had difficulties in correctly estimating daily exchangeable NO3− and NH4+. Both observed and simulated cumulative N2O results showed that optimized and alternative cropping systems used less nitrogen fertiliser, increased grain yield and decreased N2O emissions compared to the conventional cropping system. Our study shows that although the DNDC model (v. 9.5) is not perfect in estimating daily N2O emissions for these long-term multi-cropping systems, it could still be an effective tool for predicting cumulative emissions.

Testing the DNDC model using N2O emissions at two experimental sites in Canada

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
W N Smith ◽  
R L Desjardins ◽  
B. Grant ◽  
C. Li ◽  
R. Lemke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Dndc Model ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Ipcc Methodology ◽  
Key Words Nitrous Oxide

Measured data from two experimental sites in Canada were used to test the ability of the DeNitrification and DeComposition model (DNDC) to predict N2O emissions from agricultural soils. The two sites, one from eastern Canada, and one from western Canada, provided a variety of crops, management practices, soils, and climates for testing the model. At the site in eastern Canada, the magnitude of total seasonal N2O flux from the seven treatments was accurately predicted with a slight average over-prediction (ARE) of 3% and a coefficient of variation of 41%. Nitrous oxide emissions based on International Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) methodology had a relative error of 62% for the seven treatments. The DNDC estimates of total yearly emissions of N2O from the field site in western Canada showed an underestimation of 8% for the footslope landscape position and an overestimation of 46% for the shoulder position. The data input for the DNDC model were not of sufficient detail to characterize the moisture difference between the landscape positions. The estimates from IPCC guidelines showed an underestimation of 54% for the footslope and an overestimation of 161% for the shoulder. The results indicate that the DNDC model was more accurate than IPCC methodology at estimating N2O emissions at both sites. Key words: Nitrous oxide, DNDC, soil model, greenhouse gas, testing

Denitrification and immobilisation in flood-irrigated alkaline grey clays as affected by nitrification inhibitors, wheat straw, and soil texture

Soil Research ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 633 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. J. Rochester ◽  
G. A. Constable
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
N Loss ◽  
Waterlogged Soil ◽  
Nitrate N

Published field studies have shown that etridiazole and other nitrification inhibitors may significantly improve N fertiliser recovery in alkaline grey clays. Laboratory experiments were conducted to examine the extent to which nitrification inhibitors could suppress denitrification directly in waterlogged soil, and determine whether this may contribute significantly to the conservation of N fertiliser in the field. Etridiazole reduced the loss of added nitrate-N from waterlogged soil in the short term (days) only. All other nitrification inhibitors failed to suppress N loss. Little nitrate-N was lost from soil maintained at field capacity, whereas 15–85% of applied nitrate was lost from soil that was waterlogged for 10 days. The addition of milled wheat straw encouraged both denitrification and biological N immobilisation to similar extents, although both processes were probably restricted by C availability. Where no straw was added, little N was immobilised and denitrification was halved. Soil texture (clay content) also had a profound influence on N fertiliser recovery (N loss). The laboratory experiments indicated that a component of the responses to etridiazole observed in published field experiments conducted on these soils could be attributed to direct suppression of denitrification by etridiazole.

scholarly journals Sheep Excreta as Source of Nitrous Oxide in Ryegrass Pasture in Southern Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1498-1506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michely Tomazi ◽  
Emanuelle Cavazini Magiero ◽  
Joice Mari Assmann ◽  
Tatiane Bagatini ◽  
Jeferson Dieckow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Herbage Intake ◽  
N Fluxes ◽  
Grazing Intensities ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT Livestock urine and dung are important components of the N cycle in pastures, but little information on its effect on soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions is available. We conducted a short-term (39-day) trial to quantify the direct N2O-N emissions from sheep excreta on an experimental area of ryegrass pasture growing on a Typic Paleudult in southern Brazil. Four rates of urine-N (161, 242, 323, and 403 kg ha-1 N) and one of dung-N (13 kg ha-1 N) were applied, as well as a control plot receiving no excreta. The N2O-N emission factor (EF = % of added N released as N2O-N) for urine and dung was calculated, taking into account the N2O fluxes in the field, over a period of 39 days. The EF value of the urine and dung was used to estimate the emissions of N2O-N over a 90-day period of pasture in the winter under two grazing intensities (2.5 or 5.0 times the herbage intake potential of grazing lambs). The soil N2O-N fluxes ranged from 4 to 353 µg m-2h-1. The highest N2O-N fluxes occurred 16 days after application of urine and dung, when the highest soil nitrate content was also recorded and the water-filled pore space exceeded 60 %. The mean EF for urine was 0.25 % of applied N, much higher than that for dung (0.06 %). We found that N2O-N emissions for the 90-day winter pasture period were 0.54 kg ha-1 for low grazing intensity and 0.62 kg ha-1 for moderate grazing intensity. Comparison of the two forms of excreta show that urine was the main contributor to N2O-N emissions (mean of 36 %), whereas dung was responsible for less than 0.1 % of total soil N2O-N emissions.

Targeted technologies for nitrous oxide abatement from animal agriculture

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. M. de Klein ◽  
R. J. Eckard
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Animal Agriculture ◽  
Management Interventions

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions account for ~10% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, with most of these emissions (~90%) deriving from agricultural practices. Animal agriculture potentially contributes up to 50% of total agricultural N2O emissions. In intensive animal agriculture, high N2O emission rates generally coincide with anaerobic soil conditions and high soil NO3–, primarily from animal urine patches. This paper provides an overview of animal, feed-based and soil or management abatement technologies for ruminant animal agriculture targeted at reducing the size of the soil NO3– pool or improving soil aeration. Direct measurements of N2O emissions from potential animal and feed-based intervention technologies are scarce. However, studies have shown that they have the potential to reduce urinary N excretion by 3–60% and thus reduce associated N2O emissions. Research on the effect of soil and water management interventions is generally further advanced and N2O reduction potentials of up to 90% have been measured in some instances. Of the currently available technologies, nitrification inhibitors, managing animal diets and fertiliser management show the best potential for reducing emissions in the short-term. However, strategies should always be evaluated in a whole-system context, to ensure that reductions in one part of the system do not stimulate higher emissions elsewhere. Current technologies reviewed here could deliver up to 50% reduction from an animal housing system, but only up to 15% from a grazing-based system. However, given that enteric methane emissions form the majority of emissions from grazing systems, a 15% abatement of N2O is likely to translate to a 2–4% decrease in total GHG emissions at a farm scale. Clearly, further research is needed to develop technologies for improving N cycling and reducing N2O emissions from grazing-based animal production systems.

scholarly journals Application of DNDC Model for Mapping Greenhouse Gas Emission from Paddy Rice Cultivation in Nam Dinh Province

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Le Trang ◽  
Bui Thi Thu Trang ◽  
Mai Van Trinh ◽  
Nguyen Tien Sy ◽  
Nguyen Manh Khai
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Paddy Rice ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Dndc Model

Abstract: This study used the Denitrification-Decomposition (DNDC) model to calculate greenhouse gas emissions from a paddy rice cultivation in ​​Nam Dinh province. The results show that the total CH4 emission from paddy rice field in Nam Dinh province ranges from 404 to 1146kg/ha/year. Total N2O emissions range from 0.8 to 4.2 kg/ha/year; The total amount of CO2e varies between 10,000 and 30,000 kg CO2e / ha / year. CH4 emissions on typical salinealluvial soils, light mechanics are the highest and lowest on alkaline soils. Alluvium, alkaline soils have the highest N2O emissions and the lowest is the typical saline soils. The study has also mapped CH4, N2O and CO2e emissions for Nam Dinh province. Keywords: DNDC, Green house gas, agricultural sector, Nam Dinh,  GIS. References: [1] Bộ Tài nguyên và Môi trường, Báo cáo kỹ thuật kiểm kê quốc gia KNK của Việt Nam năm 2014, NXB Tài Nguyên Môi trường và Bản đồ Việt Nam, 2018.[2] D.L. Giltrap, C.Li, S. Saggar, DNDC: A process-based model of greenhouse gas fluxes from agricultural soils, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment,Volume 136 (2010), 292–300. https://doi:10.1016/j.agee.2009.06.014.[3] Viện Thổ nhưỡng Nông hóa, Báo cáo kết quả đề tài: “Nghiên cứu, đánh giá tài nguyên đất sản xuất nông nghiệp phục vụ chuyển đổi cơ cấu cây trồng chính có hiệu quả tại tỉnh Nam Định”, 2017.[4] Trung tâm Khí tượng thủy văn quốc gia – Bộ TN&MT, Số liệu thống kê khí tượng thủy văn các trạm khí tượng Văn Lý, Nam Định, Ninh Bình, Thái Bình năm 2014, 2015.[5] Niên giám thống kê tỉnh Nam Định, 2015.[6] T. Weaver, P. Ramachandran, L. Adriano, Policies for High Quality, Safe, and Sustainable Food Supply in the Greater Mekong Subregion. ADB: Manila. (2019) Chapter 7, 178-204.[7] Mai Văn Trịnh, Sổ tay hướng dẫn đo phát thải khí nhà kính trong canh tác lúa. NXB Nông nghiệp, 2016.    

scholarly journals Assessment on Nitrous oxide (N2O) Emissions of Korea Agricultural Soils in 2009

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1207-1213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun-Cheol Jeong ◽  
Gun-Yeob Kim ◽  
Deog-Bae Lee ◽  
Kyo-Moon Shim ◽  
Seul-Bi Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
N2o Emissions

scholarly journals Impacts of Nitrogen Addition on Nitrous Oxide Emission: Model-Data Comparison

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujin Zhang ◽  
Minna Ma ◽  
Huajun Fang ◽  
Dahe Qin ◽  
Shulan Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Emission Model ◽  
N Addition ◽  
N2o Production

Abstract. The contributions of long-lived nitrous oxide (N2O) to the global climate and environment have received increasing attention. Especially, atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has substantially increased in recent decades due to extensive use of fossil fuels in industry, which strongly stimulates the N2O emissions of the terrestrial ecosystem. Several models have been developed to simulate N2O emission, but there are still large differences in their N2O emission simulations and responses to atmospheric deposition over global or regional scales. Using observations from N addition experiments in a subtropical forest, this study compared six widely-used N2O models (i.e. DayCENT, DLEM, DNDC, DyN, NOE, and NGAS) to investigate their performances for reproducing N2O emission, and especially the impacts of two types of N additions (i.e. ammonium and nitrate: NH4+ and NO3−, respectively) and two levels (low and high) on N2O emission. In general, the six models reproduced the seasonal variations of N2O emission, but failed to reproduce relatively larger N2O emissions due to NH4+ compared to NO3− additions. Few models indicated larger N2O emission under high N addition levels for both NH4+ and NO3−. Moreover, there were substantial model differences for simulating the ratios of N2O emission from nitrification and denitrification processes due to disagreements in model structures and algorithms. This analysis highlights the need to improve representation of N2O production and diffusion, and the control of soil water-filled pore space on these processes in order to simulate the impacts of N deposition on N2O emission.

scholarly journals Nitrous oxide production in boreal soils with variable organic matter content at low temperature – snow manipulation experiment

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 5305-5337 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Maljanen ◽  
P. Virkajärvi ◽  
J. Hytönen ◽  
M. Öquist ◽  
T. Sparrman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Snow Manipulation ◽  
Boreal Soils

Abstract. Agricultural soils are the most important sources for the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O), which is produced and emitted from soil also at low temperatures. The processes behind emissions at low temperatures are still poorly known. To simulate the effects of a reduction in snow depth on N2O emission in warming climate, snow pack was removed from three different agricultural soils (sand, mull, peat). Removal of snow lowered soil temperature and increased the extent and duration of soil frost which led to enhanced N2O emissions during freezing and thawing events in sand and mull soils. The cumulative emissions during the first year when snow was removed over the whole winter were 0.25, 0.66 and 3.0 g N2O-N m−2 yr−1 in control plots of sand, mull and peat soils, respectively. Without snow cover the respectively cumulative emissions were 0.37, 1.3 and 3.3 g N2O-N m−2 yr−1. Shorter snow manipulation during the second year did not increase the annual emissions. Only 20% of the N2O emission occurred during the growing season. Thus, highlighting the importance of the winter season for this exchange and that the year-round measurements of N2O emissions from boreal soils are integral for estimating their N2O source strength. N2O accumulated in the frozen soil during winter and the soil N2O concentration correlated with the depth of frost but not with the winter N2O emission rates per se. Also laboratory incubations of soil samples showed high production rates of N2O at temperatures below 0°C, especially in the sand and peat soils.

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